137(2016/7/9)：黃培辰第1361頁：prolong到底在延長什么？說“延年益壽”，是不是就可以說prolongone’slife呢？斯辭典上給出的例句中，首先強調的是《高階詞典》的解釋為：tomakesomethinglastalongertime，這個解釋和斯辭典略有可以說extendone’slifeexpectancy.還有那些詞可以與prolong這里的prolong，既可以是延長，也可以是拖延。和停留相關的詞，如prolongthestaybyanotherweek.（延長停留時間藥的使用期限：theprolongeduseofa1362promotepomoepomoepomoe還是無法使用，對不對，必須研究pomoe后面的名詞搭配，才算真正掌握pomoOurintentionistorelyondialoguetopromotedemocraticprocess（我們的意圖是通過對替換為與社會、經濟、、和平相關的詞，就能學會很多表達了：historicalprocess,socialprocess（和平進程），legalprocess（進程）將promote和developmentThepurposeofthisplanistopromotelocal里的promote…development是結構，和經濟、社會、教育有關的詞，都可以和promoteculturalandethnicalprogress（促進精神文明進步）貿易、商業、安全等詞都可以和promotepromoteregionalsecurity（促進地區安全、promotebilateraltrade（存進雙邊貿易）等不認識promote，而在于怎樣將它和其他名詞搭配使用，名詞搞通了，promote才能算是working1363（一） kindsoffishes用最普通的句子開篇，如thepicturedescribes,先寫句話的主語指代，形成歧義Theywereflourishinginaoceanin將fishestheyThesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingataccelerating將variouskindsoffishesthefishes特指，形成第三描述點，帶出fishingboatsObviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishinghumanbeingsinthepast將fishingboats由泛指名詞變成特指名詞thesefishingboats，Thepicturesdescribevariouskindsoffishes.Theywereflourishinginavastoceanin1900.Thesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingatanacceleratingspeed.Obviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishingbyhumanbeingsinthepastdecades. (52words)這里我們再學個變招：將第二句話的they變成which/who，形成非限定性定語從句，寫起來就更快啦：Thepicturesdescribevariouskindsoffishes,whichwereflourishinginavastoceanin1900.Thesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingatanacceleratingspeed.Obviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishingbyhumanbeingsinthepastdecades. (53words)（二）2001Clearly,thepictureslusthatoverfishingthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.However,manyfishingcompaniesseldomgiveprioritytoitspotentialthreatthe商業捕魚為判定，應該用…有害形成的態度判如manycompanies。ngso串接，將manycompaniesover-exploitoceanresourcesordertoearntremendous指thesecompaniesOntheotherhand,theyrefusetoshouldertheresponsibilityenvironmental用Ontheotherhandmanycompanies換為they，繼續填空。Asaresult,itispossibleforthesetodestroythehabitatsofmarine用Asaresult串接，將they替換為Itispossibleforthesecompanies,繼續填空。Ifthissituationremains,theirdestructivebehaviorswilldisturbthenaturalbalance，thustotheextinctionofsome用Ifthissituationremains串接，就愛那個itispossibleforthesecompanies替換為theirbehaviorswillprobably繼續填空。Clearly,thepictureslusthatoverfishingthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.However,manyfishingcompaniesseldomgiveprioritytoitspotentialthreat.Byngso,thesecompaniesover-exploitoceanresourcesinordertoearntremendousprofit.Ontheotherhand,theyrefusetoshouldertheresponsibilityofenvironmentalprotection.Asaresult,itispossibleforthesecompaniestodestroythehabitatsofmanymarinespecies.Ifthissituationremains,theirdestructivebehaviorswillprobablydisturbthenaturalbalance,thusleadingtotheextinctionofsomefishes. (90words)1364我們在傳媒中經常會聽到一個說“加大宣傳力度英語是不是就可以直譯為enhancethepropaganda呢？最好不要這樣做，因為propaganda在英語中的內涵為：…information,oftenpeople.大家看到了吧，propaganda在英語中首先強調的是確的信息，如果是加大宣傳力度變成enhancethepropaganda，increaseinaccurateinformation？這和我們中文所要表達的意思《麥克米蘭辭典》對于propaganda的解釋比《斯辭典》更加直白，強調這種信息是不真實（information,especiallyfalseinformation,thataernmentororganizationspreadsinorderdisapproving)ideasorstatementsthatmaybefalseorexaggeratedandthatareusedinordertogainsupportforapoliticalleader,party.用launchahugenfor/against 用Thereshouldbemorepublicityto… 變成結構：Itisessentialthat…(should)bewidely1365proportion,proportion可以與proportion2）Aproportionoftherentismetbythecitycouncil.(rentTheproportionofwomenintheprofessionhadrisento17.3%.（women以與proportion）Theradiostationhastoincludeasubstantialproportionofclassicalmusic.（music名詞，不可數，可以與proportion）所以問題并不在于是不是應該背或者翻譯這幾個例句，而在于注意到alargeproportionofTheproportionof…這兩種結構，而且of的后面可以插入名詞，這樣就可以將proportion用于寫作它的結構是Aproportionof名詞+動詞，還有一個更簡潔要套用的：Theproportionof+名詞例：Theproportionofpart-timeworkstudentsincreasedfrom61%to82%.（學生的比例從61%上升至82例：TheproportionofChineseautomobilesinthedomesticmarketincreasedfrom25%to30%.（中國車在國內市場的比例由25%上升至30%）下面我再教大家一個使用proportionpercentageTheproportionofChineseautomobilesinthedomesticmarketincreaseddramaticallyinthepasttwoyears.Incomparison,thepercentageofJapanesecarswasonthedeclineinthesameperiod.大家看，如果將proportionof…和thepercentageofincrease和beonthedecline形成正反呼應，不就可以通過詞匯的替換，寫出兩個句子了嗎？1366說，prose2016AsAsisimpliedinthepictureabove,someChineseparentslackself-discipline,meanwhiletakingmuchtimeonentertainmentactivitiessuchaswatchingTV.However,theyseemunawarethatthehealthyandbalanceddevelopmentofchildrenismoreimportantthanownownrecreation.Inthissituation,theyseldomplaytheirpartintheirchildrentheoreticalknowledge,independentthinkingandproblemsolvingabilities.Clearly,inenvironment,itisunrealisticfortheirchildrentotrulyimprovetheiracademicstudies,letaloneobtainprofessionalknowledgeandpracticalskillsnecessaryfortheirfutureInmyview,onlywhentheChineseparentsimprovetheiroverallqualitiescanedifficultiesintheiracademicstudies.Similarly,onlywhentheparentsshowgoodexamplescantheirchildrenworkdiligentlytoachievefurtherprogress.Otherwise,theywillliveintheshadowoftheirparents’over-expectation,fullofdepressionanddisappointmentintheirchildhood.TheThefutureofchildrenisinthehandofhisparents:Adrunkardfatherwhoisaddictedalcoholcanhardlyinstructhischildrenthatthebestvirtueintheworldistemperance.Similarly,afatherwhosimplywantstosatisfyhisowndesirescanhardlyhelphischildrenresisttemptations,letaloneencouragethemtoworkdiligentlyforabrilliantfuture.Insuchahomeenvironment,thechildrenlackinstructions,enlightenmentandsupervision,thusgraduallylivingintheshadowoftheirparents.Insteadofstrivingforagoalinthefuture,theseyoungpeopleendupathome,staringattheflickeringTVscreenanddonothingat如上所示，孩 運掌控在父母的手中：酒鬼父親沉溺究竟，無法教導孩子世界上最好的美是戒酒，同理，只顧滿足自 的父親，也無法教導孩家長 里。這些年輕人Tosumup,one’sdestinyisdeterminedbyenvironmentandlivinghabits.CanyouimaginethatachildcanenjoythereadingofWilliamShakespeare,whilehisparentsareplayingMahjongdominos?Fortheparents,ifitisimpossibletochangetheenvironment,thebestbestphilosophyistochangetheirhabits.Thismightbedifficultinthebeginning,butwilleeasierunderpersistence,dedicationanddetermination.1367prosperity（個人自由和富裕wealthdevelopmentandsuccess，因此當我們使用這個詞的時候，經常可以將它與經濟活動所帶來的濟發展的代價經常是環境或者破壞，這種思維叫做經濟發展的逆天性，而這種思維就是用prosperity和environmentaldegradation這兩個詞表現出來的：Theeconomicdevelopmentdoesbringprosperitytoanunderdevelopedcountry.However, paniesinthisprocessisahostofenvironmentalproblems,particularlyovercrowding,airpollutionandtrafficcongestions.Alltheseproblems,ifunsolved,willdefiniyexertnegativeinfluencesuponthesustainablegrowthoftourismindustryinthatarea.我們只要控制住pr