Lesson62AfterthefireFreeTalkTextReviewLanguagePointsGrammarExercisesSpecialdifficultiesFreetalk:Haveyoueverexperiencedanynaturaldisasters?volcano(火山)sandstorm(沙塵暴)Canyoutellsomekindofnaturaldisasters?drought(旱災)tsunami(海嘯)typhoon（臺風）fire(火災）QuestionsonthetextWhywerethesurroundingvillagesofthehillsthreatenedwithdestruction?Whathadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoilinplaceofthegreattrees?listentothetapecontrolsprayfloodsmokequantityauthoritydesolaterootgrass-seedthreatencenturydestructionsurroundingpatchblackenKeywords＆expressions

?control

[k?n'tr?ul]n.控制beincontrolofsth.指揮，管理或控制=beinchargeofsth

Whoisincontroloftheplan?beundercontrol

在控制之中

Thefirehasbeenundercontrol.

Don’tworry,everythingisundercontrol.beoutofcontrol

失去控制

TheTransformerswasoutofcontrol.v.控制Icancontrolit.=Icanmanageit.

我能對付(口語)smoke

①n.煙（霧）fullofsmoke

充滿煙霧Thereisno

smoke

withoutfire.無風不起浪havea

smoke

抽一只煙smoker

n.抽煙的人heavysmoker煙癮重的人；nonsmoker不抽煙的人②v.吸煙Don'tsmoke!=Nosmoking!Hesmokedheavily.smokingarea/smokingroom

cigarette=cigar

threaten

['θret?n]

v.①威脅threatentodosth.威脅著要做……（與人相連）；有跡象表明……

Hethreatenedtomakethephotopublic.threatensb.withsth.以……來威脅/恐嚇某人

Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.②有……預兆Itthreatenedtorain.

有跡象表明天要下雨了。聯想：blackmail（勒索，敲詐），steal，rob★desolate

[‘des?l?t,’des?leit]adj.荒涼的

a

desolate

house廢屋desolateadj.荒涼的（與地方相連，表示無人居住,荒無人煙的）；極度孤獨的(與人相連時)adesolatehilllonelyadj.孤獨的，荒涼的，偏僻的（與地方連表示孤零零的，但并不表示無人居住）★surrounding[s?'raundi?]①adj.周圍的thesurroundingcountry

近郊②(pl.)n.周圍的事物，環境

schoolsurroundingssurroundv圍繞，包圍，圍住

Iliveinanoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.atmosphere

n.大氣層,氛圍(在周邊的人文環境)authority

[?:'θ?r?ti]n.①當局(常復authorities)authoritiesconcerned

有關當局；主管部門②權力，職權

theauthorityfor

enteringroom③權威人士，來源Sheisanauthorityon

Spanish.Teachersarenolongerthe

authorityoneverythingandstudentsarenolongerthepassivelearners.★spray[sprei]v.噴撒spraysth.

over/on

往……上噴灑spraywaterover/onflowerspraygrass-seedover/ontheground

★grass-seed

草籽grassland草地grass-seeder草籽播種機grassroots群眾flood

[fl?d]①n.洪水,水災atthefloodafloodoftears②v.淹沒Theroom

isfloodedwith

water.③v.溢滿Warmthfloodedmyheart.rowagainsttheflood逆水行舟★destruction[di'str?k??n]n.①破壞,毀滅

Thefirecausedthedestructionofmybooks.②引起毀壞的原因

Pridewasherdestruction.

驕傲是她致命的弱點。destructiveadj.破壞性的adestructivefiredestroyv.破壞constructv.建設(為……創造更好的條件)constructionn.建設,建筑constructionbank建設銀行★quantity['kw?nt?ti]n.（數）量quantitiesof

大量的……=inlargequantity

大量quality['kw?l?ti]n.質量sth.withgoodquality具有好質量的東西

Ipreferqualitytoquantity.★root[ru:t,rut]①n.根，根莖therootofatree②n.本質;根源therootoftheproblem③v.使立定不動；使固定

Fearrootedhertotheground.takeroot生根★century[‘sent?uri]n.世紀；百年

attheturnofthecentury

在世紀之交

她嚇得呆若木雞。★blacken['bl?k?n]①v.變黑，發暗

Thesmokehasblackenedthewalls.

煙把墻熏黑了。②誹謗

Jimblackenedhisdeskmatebygivinghimnames.-en后綴表示動詞，譯為“使……變得……”weakadj.虛弱的——>weakenv.使……變弱，削弱Widenloosenwhitendeependarken…..LanguagePoints1、Firemenhadbeenfighting

theforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycould

getitundercontrol.◆fightsth.

和……作搏斗fightfor

freedom為自由而戰fightagoodfight打了一場漂亮的仗haveafight

winafight,loseafightWehopetobreakthroughsooninthefightagainstAIDSgetitundercontrol表示“使它得到控制”2、Ashorttimebefore,

greattrees

had

covered

thecountrysideformilesaround.◆ashorttimebefore和ashorttimeago都可以與一段時間相連ashorttimebefore不久以前，從過去某一點時間算起，一段時間以前（同義詞組：ashortwhilebefore,notlongago）ashorttimeago過去某段時間，從現在算起，一段時間以前greattrees參天大樹◆covershecovered

herfacewith

herhands.Don'tjudgethebook

byitscover.◆formilesaround

方圓幾英里（around表示“在周圍，向四周”）

Thisistheonlymodernbuildingformilesaround.3、Now,smokestillroseup

fromthewarmgroundoverthedesolate

hills.riseup(from)

從升上來smokeriseup(煙、霧)彌漫risetoone'sfeet

站起身riseintheworld

出頭，發跡theriseandfall

oftheRomanEmpire羅馬帝國的興衰Thesunrises

intheeast.4、Winterwascomingon

andthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,for

heavyrainwouldnotonly

washaway

thesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloods

aswell.

◆winterwascomingon

冬季即將來臨(季節的來臨的通用表達式)，comeon的過去進行時形式表示的是過去將來時，它在這里表示季節的“到來，來臨”：◆for因為，由于（用于主句之后，補充說明理由）I'llfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.

下面兩個詞也可以表示原因：Asitisraining,let'sstayathome.Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.◆washaway

沖掉，沖走，洗掉

Awoodenbridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.5、Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthorities

ordered

severaltonsofaspecial

type

ofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.◆putout

撲滅◆order

定購Wecanordersomemorebooksonline.命令，吩咐ordersbtodoHeorderedthearmytocircletheenemy.◆type強調與其他同類的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類，與kind有區別6、Theplaneshadbeenplantingseed

fornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.plantseed/sowseed播種7、Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.takeroot表示“生根”，這個短語也可以表示某處思想/想法等“扎根”：

Thistypeofgrasstakesrooteasily.Theideahastakenrootinhismind.

8、Inplaceof

thegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesof

greenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.◆inplaceof

替代，取代(只能指代位置、空間，原來放的東西現在不在了)JaneansweredthephoneinplaceofMary.inplace

恰當的，在恰當的位置上

Iliketohaveeverythinginplace.

我喜歡樣樣事都恰得其所。outofplace

不得其所Hisdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.taketheplaceof

=replaceWhowilltaketheplaceofMrWhite?

insteadof

替代+沒做的事Insteadofstayinghome,Iwenttoschool.（此句就不能用“inplaceof”，而指地點空間時，既可以用“inplaceof”也可以用“insteadof”。）Grammar一、構成：hadbeen+現在分詞二、concept1、過去完成進行時用于強調某動作在過去更早的某一段時間內一直在進行，并對過去某一時刻產生結果。與它經常連用的表示時間的詞有before,for,since,allday等.Shewasverytired.Shehadbeentypinglettersalldays.I’dbeenracinghorses

foryearsbeforeImetmywife.過去完成進行時

（thepastperfectprogressivetense)1.構成，had+過去分詞2.概念，它表示過去某時或某動作發生之前已經完成的動作或情況，即“較早的過去”。常用的連詞有when,after,assoonas,(not)until,bythattime,(never)before,already,for,since,just等。After

hehadsaidgoodbyetousall,CaptainAlisonstartedhisjourney.除此之外還常與連詞nosooner…than和hardly…when連用。

Hehad

hardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.過去完成時（Thesimplepastperfecttense)過去完成進行時與過去完成時的比較1、過去完成時和過去完成進行時有時可以替換使用：Danhadworked/hadbeenworkingforthefirmforfifteenyearswhenIfirstmethim.我第一次遇到丹時，他已在該公司干了15年了。2.Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.

她已經打掃過辦公室了，所以很整潔。

(強調結果)

Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.

她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。

(強調動作一直在進行)過去完成進行時與過去完成時的比較3、需要表示某個工作已經完成時，只能用過去完成時.WhenIgothome,IfoundthatJillhadbeenpaintingherroom.我回到家時，看見吉爾在粉刷她的房間。（工作尚未完成）WhenIgothome,IfoundthatJillhadpaintedherroom.我回到家時，吉爾已經粉刷過她的房間了。（已完成）WhenIarrived,

they’dalreadyputthefireout.我到達時，他們已經把火撲滅了。（不可用過去完成進行時）Exercises1.theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey___foralongtime.A.expectedB.haveexpectedC.hadbeenexpectingD.hadexpected2.He__morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheentereduniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned3.Shedidn’t