GrammarUnit4Bodylanguage

V-ing形式作定語和狀語

一:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成V-ing短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。V-ing形式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendoneV-ing形式在句中作定語和狀語是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。1.作定語

V-ing形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語,這時(shí)有兩種情況。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思,這類作定語的-ing形式過去叫動(dòng)名詞。Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingAsleepingcar=acarforsleeping2)

-ing形式表示“......的”意思,過去叫現(xiàn)在分詞Asleepingchildworkingpeopletherisingsun

-ing形式短語作定語時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如:Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.

Anotherexamples:1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴隨動(dòng)作)

2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.

=Because/Ashewaspoor,hecouldn't...

(原因)2.V-ing作狀語可以表示時(shí)間,原因,結(jié)果,條件,行為方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。

1)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.條件=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'll···2)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(時(shí)間,可以在分詞前保留when)

3)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.結(jié)果=Thechildslippedandfellandthereforehithisheadagainstthedoor4)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed..條件5)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴隨6)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.方式AttentionPlease

-ing形式作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.

(分詞的邏輯主語是time,而句子的主語是I,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語。)Thesunshiningbrightlyinthesky,Lucywasreadingabook.(分詞的邏輯主語是Thesun,而句子的主語是Lucy,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）AnexceptionalcaseReadthefollowingsentencesandunderlinethe-ingformineachsentencesandtellwhetheritisusedastheattributeortheadverbial.theBritishladytheColumbiantheJapanesetheCanadianShesteppedback

appearingsurprised.HisnosetouchesMr.Cook’smovinghand.1.

Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised.=Shesteppedbackandappearedsurprised.=Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsbythewayofusingunspokenlanguage.

3.HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’smovinghand.=HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’shandwhichismoving.2.Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingusingunspokenlanguage=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.4.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Thisisanexperiencewhichisexciting.5.Thisisanexcitingexperience.1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.Rewritethefollowingsentences.Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson__________________canspeaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.____________Jordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.Comingfrom5.Shesatatthedeskanddidherhomework.Shesatatthedesk____________________.doingherhomework

Grammarwork語法專練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Not________(know)hisaddress,Icouldn’tgotoseehimyesterday.2.Lookoutforcarswhen_______(cross)thestreet.3.Not_________________(invite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.knowingcrossinghavingbeeninvited4.Hedivedintothewater,______(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed.5.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor,_______(read)“Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcalllater.”6._______(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.7.____________(close)thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.leavingreadingTakingHavingclosedGrammarquiz語法小測(cè)1.When_____differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingmanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcompared

C.comparingD.havingcomparedC2.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always______thesamething.A.sayingB.said

C.tosayD.havingsaidA3.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towait

C.waitingD.waitC4.______,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.Generalspeaking

B.SpeakinggeneralC.Generallyspeaking

D.SpeakinggenerallyC5.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_______away.A.run

B.running

C.torun

D.ranB

1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking

1.________thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.ExaminingChoosethebestanswer.

2.Mothercaughttheboy______inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smoking

3.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted4.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked

5.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin

6.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted

7._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered

8.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB