Chapter6LogisticsInformationsystem物流信息系統LearningObjectivesTounderstandthefunctionsoflogistics

informationsystem(LIS);Tolearnaboutusageof

E-commerce/E-business電子商務Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)電子信息交換技術Bar-codingtechnologies條碼技術POS-PointOfSale銷售終端系統RFID電子標簽、無線射頻識別

PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系統LISisefficienttomanagementwhiletheyaredeciding…Whereshouldthemostfrequentlyorderedpartsbelocatedinthewarehouse

客戶下訂單最多的零件應放置的位置Howshouldinventorybedeployedtooptimizesales

庫存應如何部署才有利于銷售Whichmotorcarriershouldbeselected

該選擇哪個承運人PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系統Whatkindoflogisticinformationcanbefound?Logisticsinformationis…企業內部：internallycoordinatedwithlogisticsdepartments<-->manufacturing<-->marketing<-->financial企業外部：Externally--Expandingtotheentiresupplychain

suppliers<-->manufacturers<-->distributors<-->customers(service)供應商顧客制造商合同制造商以供應商為導向的信息交換物流信息交換以客戶為導向信息交換銀行批發商/分銷商零售商虛擬制造商物流服務提供者退回產品財務計劃2.Relatedinformation

supplies/demand(order)information訂單信息；customerservicerelatedinformation客戶服務信息；inventorylevels庫存信息；transportationinformation運輸信息

3.DefiningtheLogisticsInformationSystemComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?ComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?LIS（LogisticsInformationSystem）AnLIScanbedefinedas:

“people,equipment,andprocedures”usedtogather,sort,analyze,evaluate,anddistributeneeded,timelyandaccurateinformationtodecisionmakers.(為決策者)收集、挑選、分析、評估、分配所需的及時、準確的信息所使用的人、設備和程序。ComprehensionQuestions2.WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?Operational操作層面Tactical戰術層面Strategic戰略層面inputDecisionmakingFigure11.1representstheLISandtheinteractionsbetweenitssubsystems.TheLIShasfourprimarycomponents:orderprocessingsystem(訂單處理系統),

businessresearchandintelligencesystem(BI,商業智能),

decisionsupportsystem(決策支持系統，e.g.forecasting),Reportsandoutputssystem(報告輸出系統).

知識鏈接

Businessintelligence(BI)BIistheabilityofanorganizationtocollect,maintain,andorganizeknowledge.BeerandDiapers啤酒與尿布的故事---asuccessfulexampleSometimeago,Wal-Martdecidedtocombinethedatafromitsloyaltycardsystemwiththatfromitspointofsalesystems.TheformerprovidedWal-Martwithdemographicdataaboutitscustomers,thelattertolditwhere,whenandwhatthosecustomersbought.Acorrelationbetweenthemwasfound!Onecorrelationstoodoutunexpectedly—Beerwastheproductmostoftensoldwithdiapers.Ontopofthat,thesepurchasesweremademainlyonFridayafternoonsbymenbetweentheagesof25and35.BeerandDiapersThefacts…YoungAmericanmalesfrequentlyindulgeincarousingbehaviorwithfriendsonFridaynights.However,theyalsohavetheresponsibilitytotakecareofkids.Theymighthavetodrinkbeerathome.MostyoungAmericanmalesonlybuydiapersaftertheyhavefatheredoffspring.BeerandDiapersWhatdecisionwouldyoumakebasedonthefollowinginformationifyourwerethemanager?

Action:Afterseeingtheresultsofthedatamining,Wal-Martmovedthebeernexttothediapers.Beersaleswentup.ComprehensionQuestions2.HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Someofthemorecommonlyimplementedsystemsareusedtosupporttransportationmanagement,warehousemanagement,andoperationsplanningandscheduling.

有些更常見的系統被用于交通和倉儲的管理以及各種業務的計劃和調度。ComprehensionQuestions3.Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?Advancedtechnologiesareusedforcapturingandcommunicatinglogistics-relateddata,suchasbar-coding,electronicdatainterchange(EDI)and,morerecently,radiofrequencyidentification(RFID).

條碼、電子信息交換、以及最近出現的射頻識別等先進技術被用來捕捉與物流有關的信息并用來進行物流信息交換。PartII:InformationtechnologiesandtoolsInternetE-CommerceandE-BusinessEDIPOSBarcodeRFID1.E-Commerceand

E-BusinessWhatisE-commerceandE-business?What’sthedifferencebetweenthesetwoconcepts?WhatbenefitscanECandEBoffer?

E-commerceisdescribedasamethodofbuyingandsellingproductsandserviceelectronically.以電子方式進行買賣的過程。E-business:e-businessismorethanjuste-commercewithamorestrategicfocus.上升到戰略的層面。---E-businessisnotonlyjustaboutbuyingandselling,butalsoservicingcustomersandcollaboratingwithbusinesspartners.BenefitsWhencomparingwithtraditionaltransactionways…Cutcostandtransactiontime

節省成本和交易時間Promoteandsellproductaroundtheworld,aroundtheclock

隨時隨地商品交易Competegloballyagainstcompaniesofallsizes

無論規模大小，都可以進行全球競爭(TAOBAO)Streamlineexternalsupplychainmanagement簡化整條供應鏈的管理2.EDIelectronicdatainterchange

電子數據交換

Traditionalwaystoexchangedata:

MailingandfaxingWhatisthedefinitionofEDI？anewwayforcompaniestotransmitbusinessdocumentelectronicallyinstandardizedelectronicforms企業將商業文件以標準化的電子文件進行傳輸的一種方式ThebasisofEDI---StandardUN/EDIFACT

手工環境下貿易單證的傳遞過程發送方企業

單證數據紙面單證紙面單證單證數據發送方數據庫接收方數據庫傳真機郵局錄入打印機PrintingMailingFaxingDataPaper-baseddocumentsInputsDatabaseDatabaseEDI條件下貿易單證傳遞方式發送方企業

接收方企業

發送方數據庫單證數據WAN或InternetEDI軟件EDI軟件接收方數據庫標準EDI報文標準EDI報文DatabaseDataEDIsoftwareTranslatedintostandardizedformatEDIsoftwareDatabaseEDIcanonlyworkifallthecompaniesinvolvedareusingthesamemethodsandthedocumentsusedbybothpartiesareinthesameformat!PAPERLESS無紙化SupplementaryreadingElectronicdatainterchangeinthePortofHamburgEDI應用于漢堡港ExplainthemeaningofthepicturetakenfromDakosy’sbrochure.DescribetheserviceDakosy’sEDIsystemoffers.Describethebenefitsifoffers.reducingthetime…faster…

speedandcostsaving!BenefitsofEDIReductionindocumentpreparationandprocessingtimeIncreasedbillingaccuracyLesscostDataintegrity

amorestream-linedbusinessprocess3.Bar-coding條形碼技術Whatisabar-code?Inwhatformatdoesabar-codeusuallyappear?

Howtoreadtheinformationhiddeninabarcode?WhatisaBar-code?

Abar-codeisamachine-readablerepresentationofinformationinavisualformatonasurface.條碼是印在商品表面上的一組可見的、可用機器識別的、代表商品信息的符號。Originallybar-codesstoreddatainthewidthsandspacingsofprintedparallellines,buttodaytheyalsocomeinpatternsofdots,concentriccircles,andhiddeninimages.(linearcode)

最初，條碼將數據儲存在一組平行的，由條和空組成的直線上。今天，條碼會以原點，同心圓形式出現，甚至會隱藏在圖像里。…ledtothedevelopmentofmatrixcodes(atypeof2Dbar-code)whichdonotconsistofbarsbutratheragridofsquarecells.

人們開發了矩陣條形碼（二維條碼），不用線條來儲存，而是由方格子組成。Stackedbar-codesareacomprisebetween2Dandlinearcodes.

堆積式條碼是一維碼和二維碼的折中。WhatisaBar-code?

Bar-codescanbereadbyopticalscannerscalledbar-codereadersorscannedfromanimagebyspecialsoftware.

條碼可以用光學掃描器（條碼掃描儀）進行識別，或者可以用特殊軟件從一個圖像中掃描出來。UsagesofBar-coding

條碼的用途keepingtrackofthelargenumberofitemsinastore

追蹤貨物reducinginstancesofshoplifting減少入店盜竊現象keepingtrackoftheirrentalcars追蹤出租車輛keepingtrackofpassengerluggage,reducingthechanceofloss.追蹤乘客行李，減少丟失trackinginsects‘matinghabits跟蹤昆蟲的習性trackingmovementofnuclearwaste跟蹤核肥料去向coordinatingfashionshows協助模特表演producingportraits制作肖像4.RFIDVideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?2.Whatdothefourlettersrepresent?3.WhichfieldsRFIDhasappliedtodiditmention?4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification無線射頻識別技術/電子標簽VideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?Identifying,trackingandmanagingeverything2.WhichfieldsRFIDhasbeenappliedtodiditmention?Loadingdockdoors卸貨區門HandheldcomputersLifttrucksConveyorbeltsSecurity(IDbadge)4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification

無線射頻識別技術/電子標簽istheuseofawirelessnon-contact（非接觸性的）systemthat