高考閱讀題型解題方法之主旨大意利津一中高三英語組張萍StepI:Lead-inThinkaboutthecommonquestionpatterns主旨大意題型常見提問形式?a.The

mainidea/topic/besttitleofthepassageis______.b.Thisparagraphmainlytalksabout/discusses____.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.c.Whatisthebesttitle/themainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?d.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarize/expresstheauthor’smainpoint?Whichisthemainpointofthepassage/paragraph…?…StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage(1-2)quickly,andunderlinethetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructureandthe

transitionalwords(過渡詞).

1P.60T.20AP.62T.1AP.63T.8AP.69T.8DP.74T.4BP.81T.8BP.84T.20DP.90T.20BP.101T.16BTip1:atthebeginning

主題句在段首:一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節。在議論文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。

2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown(bythemselves).Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主的)

discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevised(design)tosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.Tip2:attheend

主題句在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據,層層推理論證,最后自然得出結論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體現,它是此段內容的結論。

StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage3quickly,andfindthetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructure.3.Discussaboutyouranswer.

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractourattention:“ColorTV,only$79.Twodaysale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis“justrightforyou.”Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled“baitandswitch.”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandiseandthereasonsforthesale.Tip3:inthemiddle

在短文中間.當主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發展,常用于說明文。.4Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface在表面上

,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardsothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.Tip4:atboththebeginningandtheendThisparagraphbeginswithatopicsentenceandendswitharestatementofthesametopicsente在文章開頭和結尾:首尾呼應，為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾呼應的寫作方式常用于記敘文，議論文，但前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復,后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。5

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

partialdetailsA.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.Tip5:Nospecifictopicsentence,soreadersshouldsummarizefromallthedetails.從段落中歸納要點抓大意.有些文章無明確的主題句.這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據文中所敘述的事實細節來概括總結主旨大意。注意：1.不能以偏概全.2.不能過于寬泛，要恰如其分。

3.注意多次出現的高頻詞或主題詞atthebeginningattheendinthemiddleatboththebeginningandtheend命題類主題句在段落中的位置nocleartopicsentenceatthebeginningattheendStepIII:Challengeyourselfbyusingthetipsmentionedabove.1.Skimtheparagraphs(6-7)fasttochoosethemainidea.2.Haveadiscussionandshareyouranswer.

Suggestion:先看問題后閱讀更有針對性，做到有的放矢，既省時又高效。b.注意段落結構，找出/歸納出topicsentence.C.對比選項，進一步提取有效信息，去偽存真。6Onehundredyearsago,schoolteacherswereexpectedtoprovideavarietyofservicesinadditiontotheirteachingdutiesandbehavethemselvesinanexemplary(servingasanexample)manner.Theycaredfor(takecareof)theoillamps,tended(lookafter)thefire,andsuppliedtheirstudentswithsharppencils.Afteralongdayintheclassroom,theywereexpectedtospendsometimeeveryeveningreadingtheBible.Womenteacherscouldnotmarry,andbarbershopswereoflimitstomenteachers.Ofcourse,alcoholandtobaccowereforbidden.Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainidea?

A.Teachersperformeddomestic(adj.家庭的)tasks.B.Theteachingprofession(n.職業)demandedtotal

dedication(n.奉獻).C.Teachersneededtheguidanceofreligion.D.Teacherssetgoodexamplesbynotusingtobaccoandalcohol.avarietyofservicesteachingdutiesbehavethemselvesinanexemplarymanner7Whenworkhasaccumulated(gather)tothepointwhereyoufeelover-whelmed(adj.sthissobadthatyoucannotdealwithitwell),youcantakecertainstepstomakethingseasy.First,listallthetasksthatmustbedoneanddecidewhichrequiresimmediateattention.Next,dividetheworkintoseparatepilessoyoucanactuallyseethemdisappearasyouwork.Youwillavoidafeelingofdepressionifyoucanseeconcreteachievement.Last,assign(give)eachtaskacertainamountoftime.Ifyouarerealisticandallowyourselfalittleextratimeforeachtask,youwillfindthatalltheworkwillbedonewithtimetospareandasenseofaccomplishment(achievement)willreplacetheanxietyyoufeltatfirst.Whichsentencecanbestexpressthemainidea?Qualityworkrequirestimeandpatience.Thesuccessfulpersonreliesongoodassistants.C.Discouragement沮喪,氣餒anddepressionresultfromoverwork.D.Organization條理,系統

savestimeandenergy.stepstomakethingseasy1.Skimtheparagraphs(8)fastandwritedownthebesttitle.(within6words)2.characteristics(特征)

ofthebesttitle

★showthemainidea★attractive★simple,brief,summary★avoidmistakes(grammar,spelling..etc.)__________________________Keys：Kleptomania--amentalillnessKleptomaniaisamentalillness

StepIIIUsingtheskilloflocatingthetopicsentencestogetthemainidea/topic/pointofpassages.

1Generally,wesupposethefirstsentencesofeachparaasthetopiconeforeachpara.Readallofthem.