UNIT3FOODANDCULTUREDiscoveringUsefulStructuresHongKong________(return)toChinain1997.returnedMacao/m??ka?/________(return)toChinain1999.returned1.過去完成時(shí)的定義HongKong____________(return)toChinabeforeMacaocamebacktoChina.hadreturned動(dòng)作1：發(fā)生在1997年動(dòng)作2：發(fā)生在1999年定義一：動(dòng)作1發(fā)生在動(dòng)作2發(fā)生之前，動(dòng)作1時(shí)態(tài)用“過去完成時(shí)”，表示“過去的過去”。①②1.過去完成時(shí)的定義Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.警察到商店時(shí)，小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。過去現(xiàn)在將來1.過去完成時(shí)的定義定義二：表示過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)到該時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與by/until/before/bytheendof+表示過去的某一時(shí)間連用It’sSunday.HehadbeenillforaweekwhenhewassenttohospitalonFriday.今天是星期天了。當(dāng)他周五被送往醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時(shí)，他已經(jīng)病了一個(gè)星期了。1.過去完成時(shí)的定義1.Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.2.Hadthethiefrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,例句：我們到劇院時(shí)戲劇已經(jīng)開始了。Theplay___________________whenwegottothetheater.hadalreadystarted過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):肯/否定句：had(not)+done

一般疑問句：Hadsbdonesth?2.過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)Hadtheplayalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheater.3.過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān).其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞”;過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)3.過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān).其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞”;過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了3000個(gè)單詞.Ihavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了3000個(gè)英語單詞.Ihadlearned3000Englishwordstillthen.過去完成時(shí)：在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過去的過去。一般過去時(shí)：過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Theyhadarrivedatthestationbeforethetrainleft.

Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.4.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1.by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.2.bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.……5.過去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語e.g.MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshehadpainted.1.在主從復(fù)合句中，主句為過去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時(shí)。6.過去完成時(shí)常用句型2.hardly...when.../nosooner...than...：“剛......就......”；hardly和nosooner分句謂語常用過去完成時(shí)。e.g.NosoonerhadMoYansteppedonstagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.3.It/This/Thatwas+thefirst/second/...+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時(shí)。e.g.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadmadesuchamistake.4.It/This/Thatwas+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+定語從句（從句用過去完成時(shí)）e.g.ThatwasthemostbeautifulpicturethatIhadseen.5.用于虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反。e.g.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.6.用于hope,intend,mean,think等動(dòng)詞表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),意為“本打算，本想......”。e.g.IhadintendedvisitinghimthisweekendbutIwasn’tabletomakeit.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)hadbeen+過去分詞e.g.Anewfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Thetickets____________(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.2)Bytheendoflastyear,we_________________(produce)20,000cars.3)Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves________(run)away.4)Shetoldusthatthemeeting________________(cancel).hadbeensoldhadproducedhadrunhadbeencanceled（書p29）Completethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsintheboxusingthepastperfecttenseorthepastperfectpassivevoice.arrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell

Carol:_____youever______anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoSt.Andrewslastyear?

Paul:No,notreally.ButI____________abouthaggis

manytimesbeforewewentthere.HadtastedhadbeentoldCarol:Oh…Didyoutryit?Paul:Oh,yes!Youknowwhat?We_________lateforsupperthatday,andsowejustatewhateverwasleftintheuniversitycanteen.We___________ourmealbeforewelearntwe_____just______haggis!Carol:Mygoodness!Paul:Well,itwasnotbad.Ihavetosay…arrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tellarrivedhadfinishedhadeaten2.Carol:WhenIgottotheteahouseyesterday,Ifoundnobodythere._____it______________?

Paul:Oh,I’msosorrythatIforgottotellyou!Theget-togetherwascancelledyesterdaymorningbecauseSally,thehostess,___________intoacaraccident.

Carol:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.HopeSallyrecoverssoon!Hadbeencancelledhadgotarrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell構(gòu)成用法主動(dòng)語態(tài)haddone過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完