商志老師四級課程講義長篇閱讀（匹配B 上次過Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions46to55arebasedonthefollowingThePerfectLookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyinlectuallife,evenwhenIdidn’t.Herexpectationswerehigh—impossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamoftheirinstructorreturningittotheminexactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage:“Flawless.”Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,Ididwhatanyprofessionalwriterwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididn’tgetveryfar.Thefirst Itoldwasmymother.Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubris(得意忘形)orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.InanyeventmymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbeAtthetimeIamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transitions(過渡structurestyleandvoiceButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithmethroughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.Firstoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmarkonyouasawriter,alsoleavesanexistentialimprint(印記)onyouasa .Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershouldnevertakecriticismally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople.Criticism,atitsbest,isdeeplyal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywedo.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocareenoughtoseeyouthroughthispainfulrealization.Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly,encounterwithwriter’sblock—Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.FranzKafkaoncesaid:“Writingisuttersolitude(獨處),thedescentintothecoldabyss(深淵)ofoneself.”Mymother’scriticismhadshownmethatKafkaisrightaboutthecoldabyss,andwhenyoumaketheintrospective(內省的)descentthatwritingrequiresyouarenotalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind.Butintheyearsthatfollowed,hersustainedtutoringsuggestedthatKafkamightbewrongaboutthesolitude.IwasluckyenoughtofindacriticandteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithmeItisathingofnogreatdifficultyaccordingtoPlutarch,toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman’sspeech,itisaveryeasymatterbuttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome.”IamsureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhighschoolwithoutmymother’sguidancebutIcan’trecallthemWhatIrememberhoweverishowshetookupthe“extremelytroublesome”workofongoingcriticism.TherearetwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhatacriticshouldbeabletoproduce“abetterinitsplace.”Inastraightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmustbemoretalentedthantheartistshecritiques(評論).Mymotherwaswellcoveredonthiscount.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightlydifferent,somethingabitclosertoMarcusCicero’sclaimthatoneshould“criticizebycreation,notbyfindingfault.”Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthorto ebetteronhisownterms—aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful.Mymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfirstIhadtohelpmyself.Foreachassignment,IwastowritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofindobviousmistakes,soifshefoundany—thetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyown—Ihadtostartfromscratch.Fromscratch.Oncetheessaywas“flawless,”shewouldtakeaneveningtowalkmethroughmyerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasa ,began.ShecriticizedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesandprofessionaljargon(行話).Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech.“Writerscan’tbluff(虛張聲勢)theirwaythroughignorance.”Thatwasnewstome—Iwouldneedtofindanotherwaytostructuremydailyexistence.Shetrimmedbackmyflowerylanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclamationmarksandarguedforthevalueofrestraintinexpression.“John,”shealmostwhispered.Ileanedintohearher:“Ican’thearyouwhenyoushoutatme.”SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingSomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingthatflawlessessay.ButperhapsImissedsomethingimportantinmymother’slessonsaboutcreativityandperfection.Perhapsthepointofwritingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.Whitmanrepeatedlyreworked“SongofMyself”between1855and1891.Repeatedly.Wedoourabsolutebestwithapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And,forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,however,weareforcedtodepart,togiveuptheperfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechanceofbeingevenalittlebitbetter.ThisisthelessonItookfrommymother:Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemoti