Unit4ExploringliteratureGrammarandusageModalverbsReadthewebsitearticleandcompletethemindmap.Tosolvetheproblemof“whatshallIread?”Getideasfrom____________.Developyour___________.Askfriends,parents,andteachersto____________books.Readbook_________innewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Lookforbooksonthat_________interestyou.Lookthroughthe__________inlibrary.differentsourcesowntasterecommendreviewstopicscollectionscompletethetableinpartA.Suggestion

AbilityNecessityPossibilityWhatshallIread?…youcangetideasfromdifferentsources…Youcanalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapersinmagazinesoronline.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Abookreviewcanalsotellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot.…whatbooksyououghttoread.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.…youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtaste…WorkingouttherulesModelverbscanexpressabilityornecessity.Theycanalsomakesuggestionsordescribetheprobabilityofanevent.Thesame

modal

verbcanhavedifferentfunctions.Modal

verbscanbefollowedby_____________.Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerfortheblank.a

do(thebaseform)dbedone(thepassivevoice)b

doing(theverb-ingform)ebedoing(thecontinuousform)cdid(thepastform)fhavedone(theperfectform)a,d,e,f情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。

情態(tài)動詞，即表示人的情感和態(tài)度的動詞，它們本身有一定的詞義，但是不能獨立作謂語，只能跟動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的情態(tài)動詞主要有：can(could)，may(might)，must，need，shall(should)，will(would)，dare等。情態(tài)動詞考查特點如下:情態(tài)動詞的考查常側(cè)重借助于具體的語境來考查考生對情態(tài)動詞基本用法的理解和掌握，其中情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法、情態(tài)動詞表示必要性的用法及"情態(tài)動詞+havedone"的用法是考查的重點。1.can&could1.表能夠做某事（具備某種能力）；could主要指過去能夠；Twoeyescanseemorethanone.

Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?

2.表示請求和許可(could表示更委婉的語氣，回答時只能用can)；用于否定句中表不允許。

CanIhavealookatyournewpen?

Youcan’twearjeansatwork.3.用于肯定的陳述句中，表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性。表示猜測，意為“可能”，一般用于疑問句和否定句(could是過去時);若用于肯定句中表常有的行為和情形，意為“有時會/可能”。Asweallknow，anyonecanmakemistakes.Mymom

canbestubbornsometimes.Thatcan’tbeKelly—she’sinNewYork.(“不可能是”)4.習(xí)慣用法“cannot...too...”表示“無論怎樣……都不過分，越……越好”。有時cannot可用cannever替代。Wecannotthankyoutoomuchforwhatyou’vedoneforus.shall(1)用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中，表征詢意見或請求允許,

多與I或we連用。

Whatshallwedothisweekend?Whenshallmybrotherbeabletoleavehospital?(2)用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Heshallbepunished.(威脅)Youshallgowithme.(命令)Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.(允諾)(3)常用于主語是第三人稱的條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度等文件中表“義務(wù)”或“規(guī)定”。Everystudentshallwearschooluniform

atschool.2.shall&should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，其同義詞是oughtto；也可表示推測或表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等情感；還可表示不確定，“萬一”。Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.Thefilmshouldbegreatasitisstarringfirst-classactors.

Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.

Theyshouldbehomebynow.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbepostponed.Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.建議推測萬一竟然建議推測should3.will&would1.表意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句;Iwilldoanythingforyou.Theysaidthattheywouldfightagainstthehaze.2.表請求允許，用于疑問句;

Will/Wouldyoupleasetakeamessageforme?3.表習(xí)慣;Hewouldspendhoursonthetelephone.4.主語為物時，多用于否定句中，意為“不起作用”。Thedoorwon’topen.3.will&wouldShewilllistentomusic,aloneinherroom,forhours.Theywon’tlendusanymoremoney.Wouldyoumindleavingmealoneforafewminutes?Fishwilldiewithoutwater.習(xí)慣意愿請求允許習(xí)慣4.may/might1.表允許，might可以指過去時間或現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。

以may/might開頭的問句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.

May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?2.表可能（事實上）。might可以指過去時間或現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome,butI’mnotsure.

Shemay/mightnotknowaboutit.

3.may還可用于祈使句表示祝愿。

Mayyousucceed!5.must1.用于肯定句中表說話人的意志或義務(wù)；堅決要求做某事；

否定mustn’t表禁止。Youmustkeepyourword.Carsmustn’tparkinfrontoftheentrance.2.在以must開頭的疑問句中，肯定回答用must;

否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。

—Musthehandinhisexercisebooksnow?—Yes,hemust./No,heneedn’t./No,hedon’thaveto.

3.表示可能性或肯定的推斷。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，

只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Hischeeks

aresopale.

Theremustbeotherwaystosolvetheproblem.4.表說話人生氣或不滿的情緒，意為“偏要；非得”,常指令人不快的事情。ThecarmustbreakdownjustwhenIwasabouttosetoff.Mustyouinterruptmenow?Can’tyouseeI’mbusy?6.

need&dare1.need和dare可以作實義動詞或情態(tài)動詞。作情態(tài)動詞時，后跟動詞原形，表示“需要，有必要”，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。Idarenotwalkthroughthewoodsatnight.Youneedn’tgotherenow.NeedIhandinthepapernow?2.作實義動詞時，同其他實義動詞一樣，可用于各種句式，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞。在否定句和疑問句中不定式符號to也可以省略。Youdon’tneedtobesoworried.Youneedtobemorecareful.Theydon’tdare(to)makeasoundwhiletheirparentsaresleeping.

情態(tài)動詞基本語法功能:用法請求/許可可能/推測義務(wù)/職責(zé)意圖/打算意愿/愿意意志/決心才能/能力can/could√√

√may/might√√

shall/should√√√√√√

will/would√√

√√√

must

√√

oughtto

√√

考點二：表推測的情態(tài)動詞

1.對現(xiàn)在或客觀事實的肯定推測must：肯定；準(zhǔn)是；想必是can/could：用于疑問句,表懷疑should：很可能,應(yīng)該…,指按常理推測may/might：也許,大概；表把握不大的推測—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butI_______gotothecinema.—Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithSmith.—Hello.You______beMrs.Peter.might/maymust2.對現(xiàn)在情況或客觀事實的否定推測can’t：不可能；推測的語氣相當(dāng)有把握couldn’t：不可能；語氣較委婉may(might)not:可能不,也許不,表不大有把握的推測Itcan’tbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlyfiveo’clock.The

younger

people

might

not

like

the

idea.3.對過去情況的推測musthavedone:can/couldhavedone:can’thavedone/couldn’thavedone:may/might(not)havedone:過去一定做過某事過去不可能做某事過去可能做過某事過去可能（沒）做過某事Fromwhatyousaid，shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.Youmighthavereadaboutthenewsinthepapers.Hecouldn’thavedonetheresearchwithoutyoursupport.Tomcouldhavefinishedthepaperonhisown.考點三：情態(tài)動詞+havedone的其他用法should/oughttohavedone

表過去本該做卻沒有做shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone

表過去本不該做卻做了couldhavedone

表本可以/本可能做某事卻沒做mighthavedone

表本可能但實際沒有發(fā)生的事needn’thavedone

表本來不需要做卻做了考點三：情態(tài)動詞+havedone的其他用法should/oughttohavedone

表過去本該做卻沒有做shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone

表過去本不該做卻做了couldhavedone

表本可以/本可能做某事卻沒做mighthavedone

表本可能但實際沒有發(fā)生的事needn’thavedone

表本來不需要做卻做了Youshouldhavepreparedfortheexam,butyouspentyourtimeplaying.Youshouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgiveyouhorribledreams.Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyouweretoocareless.Hemay/mighthavemissedthebus.ButI’mstillnotsureaboutit.Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool.練習(xí):選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全下面句子。1.I'msorryIcouldn'tgetintouchwithhimbeforeheleft.I__________________(shouldhavephoned,havephoned)himearlier.2.Sincetheyaren'tansweringtheirtelephone,they______________(canhaveleft,musthaveleft).3.You____________(will,may)leadahorsetothewaterbutyou_________(dare,can)notmakeitdrink.4.Mary_____________________(couldn'thavereceived,needn'thavereceived)myemail;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

5.You____________(mustn't,needn't)dothatifyoudon'twantto.shouldhavephonedmusthaveleft

maycan

couldn'thavereceivedneedn't

6.Idon'tbelievehim.He________(maynot,can't)beserious.7.Ifyoudon'tliketoswim,you_______________(mayaswell,maywell)stayathome.8.Theyhurriedthereonlytofindthemeetingcanceled.Infact,they__________________(needn'thavegone,wouldn'thavegone)atall.

9.Shewasill.She______________________(couldn'thaveattended,mustn'tattend)themeetinghere.10.Careydidn'tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe________________(shouldlookafter,hadtolookafter)thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.needn'thavegonecouldn'thaveattendedhadtolookaftercan'tmayaswell

ApplyingtherulesP49B1For

the

following

groups

of

three

sentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.

a

CanIkeepthebookformorethantwoweeks?

bNickcanreadmoreinanafternoonthanIcaninaweek!

cCanMaryfinishWarandPeaceinamonth?aIamafraidImaybeunabletofinishthisnoveltoday.

bItmaybedifficultforpeopletoagreeonwhatgoodliteratureis.

cYoumaygotothelibrarytomorrowafternoon,ifyouhavetime.√√requestabilityabilitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionApplyingtherulesB1For

the

following

groups

of

three

sentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.

a

ImustfinishwritingthebookreviewandhanditinbeforeWednesday.

bYoumustbetiredafterthreehours’reading.cStudentsmustdevelopthehabitofreadingclassicliterature.aHenryshouldbereadingbooksinthelibrary.

bIhavefiftydollars—thatshouldbeenoughforthreebooks.

cReadingEnglishnovelshasgreatlyincreasedmyvocabulary—youshouldtryittoo.√√necessitypossibilitynecessitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.

WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I(1)

(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It(2)

(hasto/must)beveryboring.”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.I(3)

(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebrations.OnChristmaseve,heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislifebythreespirits.Intheend,hereflectsonthesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.Thenhedecidesthathe(4)

(might/must)changehimself.OnChristmasmorning,hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.can’tmustcouldmustB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.

Thereissomethingthat(5)

(can/must)belearntfromAChristmasCarol:we(6)

(should/may)treatotherswithkindness,generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone(7)

(would/oughtto)readthisbook.canshouldoughtto

（4組）can/could,

may/might,

shall/should,

will/would（4對）haveto,hadbetter,oughtto,usedto（3個）must,need,dareReview常見的情態(tài)動詞歸納構(gòu)成意義may/might

havedone“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”

“一定做過某事”

“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”

“本不應(yīng)該做某事，卻做了”

“本不必做某事,卻做了”

“過去本來能夠做某事，卻沒做”

“過去不可能做某事”musthavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedoneneedn’thavedonecouldhavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedone情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法歸納CFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets,usingthepropermodalverbs.P761.—What’stheweatherlikeinyourhometown?Isitcoldinwinter?—Yes,it

(be)ascoldas-30℃inwinter.2.—IwanttoinviteTomtoseeafilmtonight.Hashearrivedyet?—Yes,hejustarrived.Butafterfourhours’ride,he______________

(be)tirednowandhe

(prefer)tostayintonight.3.—IsBettystillplayingthepiano?—Yes.Iaskedhertostopandtakearest,butshe______________

(notlisten).

canbemust/may/mightbewouldn’tlistenmay/mightpreferCFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets,usingthepropermodalverbs.P764.—Whatdoestherulesayaboutusingthereadingroom?—Noone

(talk)loudly.5.—Yourcarlooksgreat.It

(cost)youalotofmoney.—Yes,it’squiteexpensive.6.—HowlongcanIkeepthebook?—Thebooksthatstudentsborrow

(return)tothelibrarywithintwoweeks.

shall/shouldtalkmusthavecostmust/shallbereturned1.昨晚那間屋子著火了，但那家人都逃了出來;

2.我不會告訴