英文計算機基礎知識AWorldofComputersWhatiscomputerliteracy?p.5Fig.1-1NextKnowledgeandunderstanding

ofcomputersandtheirusesComputersareeverywhere2Howisacomputerdefined?WhatIsaComputer?p.6ProducesandstoresresultsNextElectronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemoryProcessesdataintoinformationDatathatisorganized,meaningful,andusefulAccepts

dataRawfacts,figures,andsymbols3WhatIsaComputer?Whatistheinformationprocessingcycle?p.6Fig.1-2NextInputProcessOutputStorageCommunication4TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaninputdevice?p.7Fig.1-3ClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickInputDevices

belowChapter1

HardwareusedtoenterdataandinstructionsNext5TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisanoutputdevice?p.8Fig.1-3Hardwarethatconveysinformation

toauserNextClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickOutputDevices

belowChapter16TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisthesystemunit?p.8Fig.1-3NextBox-likecasecontainingelectroniccomponentsusedtoprocessdata7TheComponentsofaComputerWhataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard?p.8CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)AlsocalledaprocessorCarriesoutinstructionsthattellcomputerwhattodoNextMemoryTemporaryholdingplacefordataandinstructions8TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisstorage?p.8StoragemediaPhysicalmaterialonwhichdata,instructions,

andinformationarestoredStoragedeviceRecordsandretrievesitemstoandfrom

astoragemediumNextHoldsdata,instructions,andinformation

forfutureuse9TheComponentsofaComputerWhatis

storagemedia?p.8Digital

camerasHandheld

computersPortable,thin

memorycards

usedin:Next10TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisafloppydisk?p.8Fig.1-4NextThin,circular,

flexibledisk

enclosedinrigid

plasticshellAUSBflashdriveisportable,andhas

muchgreater

storagecapacity11TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaflashdrive?p.9Fig.1-5NextProvidesmuch

greaterstorage

capacitythana

floppydiskor

Zip?diskSmalland

lightweightenough

tobetransported

onakeychainor

inapocket12TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaflashdrive?NextProductCapacity(MB)Interface*ThumbdriveTouch

()8/16/32/64/128/256/512/1024USB1.1DataTraveler2.0Hi-Speed()128/256/512/1024USB2.0HandyStenoHT202

()32/64/128/256/512/1024USB2.0AudioStenoBP300

()64/128USB1.1*1.1=12Mbps,2.0=480Mbps13TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisaharddisk?p.9Fig.1-6NextProvidesmuch

greaterstorage

capacitythana

floppydiskor

USBflashdriveHousedinsidethe

systemunit14TheComponentsofaComputerWhatisacompactdisc?p.9Fig.1-7NextFlat,round,portablemetaldiscCD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW15AccuracyCommunicationsWhyIsaComputerSoPowerful?p.10Whatmakesacomputerpowerful?StorageReliability

and

ConsistencyNextSpeed16Onetypeis

amodemNetworksandtheInternetWhatisanetwork?p.10Enablesa

connection

between

computersCablesCellular

radioTelephone

linesSatellitesNextCommunications

MediaCommunications

DeviceCollectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether17ToshareNetworksandtheInternetWhatarethereasonstonetwork?p.10ResourcesHardware

devicesSoftware

programsDataTosave

time

and

moneyInformationNext18NetworksandtheInternetWhatisaserver?p.10Fig.1-8NextManagesthe

resourceson

anetworkAclientaccesses

theresources

ontheserver19NetworksandtheInternetWhatistheInternet?p.11Fig.1-9NextWorldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnects

millionsofcomputersClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickInternet

belowChapter120NetworksandtheInternetp.12Fig.1-10WhydousersaccesstheInternet?InformationShoppingBankingandInvestingClassesEntertainmentNextCommunications21NetworksandtheInternetWhatistheWeb?p.13AWebsiteis

acollectionof

relatedWebpagesAWebpagecontains

text,graphics,sound,

video,andlinksto

otherWebpagesYoucanshare

informationby

creatingWebpages

orpostingphotoson

aphotocommunityNextBillionsofdocuments,calledWebpages,availabletoanyoneconnectedtotheInternet22ComputerSoftwareHowdoyouinstallasoftwareprogram?p.14Fig.1-13NextAprogramisaseriesofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodoClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickComputerProgramsbelowChapter123ComputerSoftwareWhatis

systemsoftware?p.15OperatingSystem(OS)

isasetofprograms

thatcoordinatesall

activitiesamong

computerhardware

devicesandallows

userstorun

applicationsoftwareUtilityPrograms

allowtheuserto

performmaintenance-typetasks

usuallyrelatedtomanaginga

computer,itsdevicesoritsprogramsNextProgramsthatcontroltheoperationsofthecomputeranditsdevices24ComputerSoftwareWhatis

applicationsoftware?p.16Fig.1-15NextPresentation

GraphicsSpreadsheetDatabaseWord

ProcessingProgramsthatperformspecifictasksforusersClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickApplicationSoftwarebelowChapter125ComputerSoftwareWhatisa

programmer?p.17Fig.1-16NextSomeonewhodevelops

applicationorsystemsoftwareProgrammerwrites

instructionsto

directcomputerto

processdatainto

informationJavascriptprogramResultingInternetapplication26CategoriesofComputersp.18NextPersonalcomputers(desktop)Mobilecomputers

andmobiledevicesMidrangeserversMainframecomputersWhatarethecategoriesofcomputers?Supercomputers27ComputerSoftwareWhatisagraphicaluserinterface(GUI)?p.14Fig.1-14NextAllowsyoutointeractwiththesoftwareusinggraphicsandiconsControlshowyouenterdataandhowthescreendisplaysinformation28PersonalComputersWhatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonalcomputers?p.19Figs.1-18–1-19NextClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickPersonalComputersbelowChapter1PCandcompatiblesusetheWindowsoperatingsystemAppleMacintoshusestheMacintoshoperatingsystem(MacOS)29PersonalComputersWhatisa

desktopcomputer?p.19Fig.1-18NextDesignedsoallofthecomponentsfitonorunderadeskortable30PersonalComputersWhatisa

notebookcomputer?p.20Fig.1-20NextPortable,smallenoughtofitonyourlapAlsocalledalaptopcomputerGenerallymoreexpensivethanadesktopcomputerClicktoviewWebLink,

clickChapter1,ClickWebLink

fromleftnavigation,thenclickNotebookComputersbelowChapter131HandheldComputersWhatisa

tabletPC?p.20Fig.1-21NextEspeciallyusefulfortakingnotesResemblesaletter-sizedslateAllowsyoutowriteonthescreenusingadigitalpen32HandheldComputersWhatareWeb-enabledhandheldcomputers?p.21Fig.1-23Allowyoutochecke-mailandaccesstheInternetNextWeb-enabledtelephoneisa“smartphone”33HandheldComputersWhatisa

handheldcomputer?p.21NextUsed

bymobileemployeessuchasmeterreadersanddeliverypeopleSmall

enoughtofit

inyour

hand34HandheldComputersWhatisa

personaldigitalassistant(PDA)?p.21Fig.1-23NextProvidespersonalorganizerfunctionsCalendarAppointmentbookAddressbookCalculatorNotepadClicktoviewvideo35ServersWhattypesofserversarethere?p.22and23Figs.1-25–1-27Midrangeserver

Powerful,largecomputerthatsupportsuptoafewthousandcomputersMainframe

Verypowerful,expensivecomputerthatsupportsthousandsofcomputersSupercomputer

Thefastest,mostpowerful,mostexpensivecomputer.UsedforapplicationsrequiringcomplexmathematicalcalculationsNext36ElementsofanInformationSystemWhatareinformationsystemelements?p.24Fig.1-28NextPeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware37ExamplesofComputerUsagep.25Fig.1-29Whatarefivecategoriesofcomputerusers?Next38ExamplesofComputerUsageWhatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser?p.26Fig.1-30Next39ExamplesofComputerUsagep.28Fig.1-33Localareanetwork(LAN)ProductivitysoftwareSpecialtysoftwareWebusageE-mailNextWhatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice/homeoffice(SOHO)user?40HardwareExamplesofComputerUsageWhatisavailablefor

amobileuser?p.29Fig.1-35SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonal

information

managerNext41ExamplesofComputerUsageWhataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser?p.30Figs.1-37–1-40NextWebaccessPublickioskTelecommutingNetworkP