1OutlineofafermentationprocessRawMaterialsProductionmicroorganismFermentationProductpurificationProductEffluentwaste1OutlineofafermentationproChapter3StrainBreedingandscale-up

Chapter3StrainBreedinganFiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms1.Smallvolume,largesurfacearea2.Fastabsorptionandconversion3.Rapidduplicationandgrowth4.Strongadaptability5.WidespreaddistributionanddiversifiedspeciesFiveCommonCharacteristicsofWhattypesofmicroorganismscausefermentationtooccur?BacteriaYeastMoldActinomycetesWhattypesofmicroorganismscBacteria

Bacteria

aretypicallyone-celledorganismsthatmultiplybysimpledivisionandcanbeseenonlywithamicroscope.Bacteria1.LacticacidbacteriaLactobacillus——yoghourtStreptococcus——yoghourt

Pediococcus——sourpicklesBifidobacterium——probiotics1.LacticacidbacteriaLactobacillusLactobacillusStreptococcusStreptococcusPediococcusPediococcusBifidobacteriumBifidobacterium2.Aceticacidbacteria

Acetobacter——vinegar2.Aceticacidbacteria3.GlutamicacidfermentativebacteriumCorynebacterium

glutamicumBrevibacteriumflavum3.Glutamicacidfermentativeb4.BacillusBacillussubtilis--protease,amylaseBacilluslicheniformis--protease,amylase4.BacillusBacillussubtilis--

Yeast

Yeasts

areunicellular(single-celled)fungiandthatordinarilyreproducebybudding.HappyYeastYeastHappyYeastSaccharomycescerevisiaeSaccharomycescerevisiae

1.Saccharomyces

Saccharomycescerevisiae——beer

Saccharomycesellipsoideus——wine

2.Candida

Candidautilis——SCP

Mould

Fungithatgrowintheformofmulticellularfilaments,calledhyphae.Incontrast,microscopicfungithatgrowassinglecellsarecalledyeasts.Mould1.Mucor——chinesecheese2.RhizopusR.oryzoe

——amylase3.Aspergillus

A.niger——citricacid,glucoamylase

A.oryzae——soysauce,

pasta(sweet)sauces

1.Mucor——chinesecheeseFungiPlantoranimalsActinomycetesBacteriaActinomycetesMicrobesrelatedtoantibioticproductingFungiPlantoranimalsActinStreptomyces----streptomycinStreptomyces----streptomycinAboutSCP,whichiscorrect?A.Isakindofproteinwhichextractedfrommicrobialcells.B.Ismicrobialcellwhichproducedbyfermentation.C.Isantibioticssecretedbymicrobialcells.D.Couldnotberegardedasfood.AboutSCP,whichiscorrect?Canantibioticproductingmicrobesbeusedintheaminoacidsproduction?CanantibioticproductingmicrChoosingMicroorganismsforIndustrialMicrobiology–1.Thenutritionalcharacteristicsoftheorganism.–

2.Theproductivityoftheorganism,

–3.Thestabilityoftheorganismanditsamenabilitytogeneticmanipulation.–4.Theeaseofproductrecoveryfromtheculture.ChoosingMicroorganismsStrainSelectionPurchasefromCultureCollectionsScreeningofnaturecircumstancesMutationsGeneticengineeringStrainSelectionPurchasefromInternationalCultureCollectionsAbbreviationNameLocationATCCAmericanTypeCultureCollectionUnitedStatesIAMInstituteofAppliedMicrobiologyUniversityofTokyo,JapanNCTCNationalCollectionofTypeCulturesLondon,UnitedkingdomChinaCultureCollectionsCGMCCChinaGeneralMicrobiologicalCultureCollectionCenterBeijingCultureCollectionsInternationalCultureCollecti原種斜面初篩，復(fù)篩，再復(fù)篩采樣設(shè)計實驗方案調(diào)查研究及查閱充分的資料

增殖培養(yǎng)平板分離單株純種分離菌種鑒定Stepsofnewspeciesseparationandscreening原種斜面初篩，復(fù)篩，再復(fù)篩采樣設(shè)計實驗方案調(diào)查研究及查閱充分Screeningofnaturecircumstances

MostmajorsourcesofmicrobesforuseinindustrialmicrobiologyarenaturalmaterialsScreeningofnaturecircumstanMicrobialstraincollection

1.soilslurry

2.Enrichment

Specialmedia

Controlcondition

InhibitunwantedstrainMicrobialstraincollection3.Isolationcultivation

Streakplatemethod

PourplatemethodSpreadplatemethod3.IsolationcultivationStreakplate

method

Bacteriaare“streaked”overthesurfaceofanagarplatesoastoobtainsinglecolonies.Itcanalsohighlightthepresenceofcontaminatingmicro-organisms.StreakplatemethodBacteriaThisisanexampleofagoodstreakforisolationusingthe"fourcorners"method.ThisisanexampleofagoodsPerformingaPlateStreakIPerformingaPlateStreakIPerformingaPlateStreakIIPerformingaPlateStreakII第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件Pourplate

method

Bacteriaaremixedwithmeltedagar.Pouredintoanemptyplateandallowedtosolidify.Pourplatemethod第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件Spreadplatemethod

Smallsamplesofthedilutedbacteriaarepipettedontothesurfaceofagarplates.Asterile,bent-glassrodisthenusedtospreadthebacteriaevenlyovertheentireagarsurface.稀釋的Spreadplatemethod稀釋的第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件4.PurecultivationGrowonlyonekindofmicrobeMustuseaseptictechniquetoavoidcontaminatingthecultureTransferasinglecolonyfromagarplatetoliquidmedium4.Purecultivation5.Productivity

measurement

Primaryscreening：quantity

Secondaryscreening：quality5.ProductivitymeasurementIfIcouldn’tfindanidealstrainfromnature,howwouldIdo?IfIcouldn’tfindanidealstSpontaneous(natural)mutationInducedmutationmutationSpontaneous(natural)mutationTechniqueforinducingmutationPhysicalmutagens

e.g.X-rays,g-rays,UVChemicalmutagense.g.baseanalogs,nitrousacid,alkylatingagents堿基類似物亞硝酸烷化劑TechniqueforinducingmutatioSteps:分離和篩選出發(fā)菌株的選擇處理菌懸液的制備誘變處理中間培養(yǎng)Steps:分離和篩選出發(fā)菌株的選擇處理菌懸液的制備誘變處理第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件

Howaremutantsdetectedbyscientists?VisibleNutritional(auxotrophic)Whatisreplicaplating,andhowisitusedtodetectauxotrophicmutants?Resistancemutations(plateonmediacontainingthechemical)營養(yǎng)缺陷型影印培養(yǎng)法Howaremutantsdetectedb降解纖維素產(chǎn)生透明圈搖床復(fù)篩降解纖維素?fù)u床復(fù)篩Replica-platingtechniquetoscreenformutantstrainsofacolony-formingmicroorganism.Replica-platingtechniquetosQ:Howwouldyouselectforprotease(amylase,celluaseorlase)-producingmutantstrain?Q:HowwouldyouselectforprCellBiologyTechniquesProtoplastRemovingthecellwallwithlyticenzymesinthepresenceofosmoticstabilizers.Inthepresenceoffusogenicagentsuchaspolyethyleneglycol(PEG),protoplastsareinducedtofuseandformtransienthybridsordiploids.Regenerationofviablecellsfromthefusedprotoplasts.融合劑二倍體CellBiologyTechniquesProtoplGeneticEngineeringVarioushighvalueaddedproductshavebeenproducedfromgeneticengineeringmethods.GeneticEngineeringVarioushigCulturepreservation

InternationalCultureCollectionsAbbreviationNameLocationATCCAmericanTypeCultureCollectionUnitedStatesIAMInstituteofAppliedMicrobiologyUniversityofTokyo,JapanNCTCNationalCollectionofTypeCulturesLondon,UnitedkingdomChinaCultureCollectionsCGMCCChinaGeneralMicrobiologicalCultureCollectionCenterBeijingCulturepreservationInternatidryoxygendeficit

lowtemperaureCulturepreservationOligotrophedrylowCultureOligotrophe菌種保藏的方法很多，一般有下面幾種：A：斜面冰箱保藏法B：沙土管保藏法C：石蠟油封存法D：真空冷凍干燥保藏法E：液氮超低溫保藏法菌種保藏的方法很多，一般有下面幾種：Iffermentationinalargetankreceiveonlyoneloopofinoculum,aprolongedperiodwouldresult……..energyconsumingcontamination

NecessityofinoculumdevelopmentIffermentationinalargetanInoculumDevelopment

Thepreparationofapopulationofmicroorganismsfromadormantstockculturetoanactivestateofgrowththatissuitableforinoculationinthefinalproductionstage.休眠的InoculumDevelopment休眠的

SotheinoculumvolumehastobequitelargeAseedfermenterisusuallyrequiredtoproducetheinoculumvolumeTheseedfermenter’spurposeisnottoproduceproductbuttoprepareinoculumSotheinoculumvolumehastAeration:通風(fēng),通氣Aeration:通風(fēng),通氣IninoculumdevelopmentInoculumlevel:approximately0.5to5percentinoculumbyvolumefromtheprecedingstep.Incubationperiod:short,inloggrowthphase,littlefermentationproductInoculummedia:balancedforrapidcellgrowthandnotforproductformation.IninoculumdevelopmentTheprocessofinoculumdevelopmentTheprocessofinoculumdevelo第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件實驗室階段1、培養(yǎng)物選擇的原則目的：種子擴(kuò)培到一定的量和質(zhì)，根據(jù)菌種的特點最終的培養(yǎng)物可分為兩類：

對于不產(chǎn)孢子和芽胞的微生物——獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體對于不產(chǎn)芽孢和孢子的微生物，實驗室階段的種子擴(kuò)培最終是獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體，如谷氨酸的種子培養(yǎng)。實驗室階段1、培養(yǎng)物選擇的原則目的：種子擴(kuò)培到一定的量和質(zhì)，第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的孢子菌絲體培養(yǎng)步驟少，因而更容易獲得量和質(zhì)穩(wěn)定的種子，但操作繁瑣。對于產(chǎn)孢子的微生物獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌絲體便于操作，但需要更仔細(xì)的控制。獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的孢子菌絲體培養(yǎng)步驟少，因而更容易獲得第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件2、培養(yǎng)基選擇的原則培養(yǎng)基的選擇應(yīng)該是有利于菌體的生長，對孢子培養(yǎng)基應(yīng)該是有利于孢子的生長。在原料方面，實驗室種子培養(yǎng)階段，規(guī)模一般比較小，因此為了保證培養(yǎng)基的質(zhì)量，培養(yǎng)基的原料一般都比較精細(xì)。2、培養(yǎng)基選擇的原則培養(yǎng)基的選擇應(yīng)該是有利于菌體的生長，對孢3、起始接種物的傳代問題

細(xì)菌保藏斜面→活化斜面

產(chǎn)孢子保藏→母斜面→子斜面目的：使菌種的傳代次數(shù)盡可能的少。3、起始接種物的傳代問題細(xì)菌保藏斜面→活化斜面母瓶：活化、純化，使保藏菌種生長，并去除變異株。所以接種時要稀一點、便于純化生長到單菌落。子瓶:大量繁殖，得到大量孢子。接種：①從母斜面上點接種，選取生長好的單菌落②接種時密一點，得到大量的孢子。孢子培養(yǎng)時注意濕度，子斜面使用一般不超過1個月孢子培養(yǎng)母瓶：活化、純化，使保藏菌種生長，并去除變異株。子生產(chǎn)車間階段1、培養(yǎng)物的選擇原則在生產(chǎn)車間階段，最終一般都是獲得一定數(shù)量的菌絲體。縮短發(fā)酵時間有利于獲得好的發(fā)酵結(jié)果菌絲體比孢子要有利：生產(chǎn)車間階段1、培養(yǎng)物的選擇原則在生產(chǎn)車間階段，最終一般都是InoculationofaFermenter

fromanotherSeedTankSeedTankFermenterABTrap TrapSteamCJDIHEFGInoculationofaFermenterfro第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件2、培養(yǎng)基選擇的原則目的：獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體，因此培養(yǎng)基的選擇應(yīng)首先考慮的是有利于孢子的發(fā)育和菌體的生長.在原料方面：不如實驗室階段那么精細(xì)，而是基本接近于發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基，這有兩個方面的原因:

一是成本二是馴化2、培養(yǎng)基選擇的原則目的：獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體，因此培養(yǎng)

薯干粉成分斜面種子罐發(fā)酵麥芽汁麥汁薯干粉10%22-28%(NH4)2SO40.5%瓊脂2%薯干粉成分斜面第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件3、發(fā)酵級數(shù)的確定谷氨酸：三級發(fā)酵一級種子（搖瓶）→二級種子（小罐）→發(fā)酵青霉素：三級發(fā)酵一級種子（小罐）→二級種子（中罐）→發(fā)酵

一般由菌絲體培養(yǎng)開始計算發(fā)酵級數(shù)，但有時，工廠從第一級種子罐開始計算發(fā)酵級數(shù)3、發(fā)酵級數(shù)的確定谷氨酸：三級發(fā)酵一級種子（搖瓶）→二級種子發(fā)酵級數(shù)確定的依據(jù)級數(shù)受發(fā)酵規(guī)模、菌體生長特性、接種量的影響

級數(shù)大，難控制、易染菌、易變異，管理困難，一般2-4級。

在發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品的放大中，反應(yīng)級數(shù)的確定是非常重要的一個方面發(fā)酵級數(shù)確定的依據(jù)級數(shù)受發(fā)酵規(guī)模、菌體生長特性、接種量Aeration:通風(fēng),通氣Aeration:通風(fēng),通氣第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件IndustrialFermentationSettingIndustrialFermentationSettinReviewQuestions1.Citesomemicro-organismsusedwidelyinfoodindustryandtheircorrespondingproducts.2.Howtogetanidealstrainforfermentationindustry?3.What’sthepurposeofinoculumdevelopment?Citetheprocessofit.ReviewQuestions3.Whycannotthemicro-organismsproductexcessivemetabolitesspontaneously?Bywhichmethodscanwegettheexcessivemetabolites?4.Howtoreducetheconcentrationofendproductsinfermentation?5.Howtoimprovethepermeabilityofcellmembrane?3.Whycannotthemicro-organ84OutlineofafermentationprocessRawMaterialsProductionmicroorganismFermentationProductpurificationProductEffluentwaste1OutlineofafermentationproChapter3StrainBreedingandscale-up

Chapter3StrainBreedinganFiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms1.Smallvolume,largesurfacearea2.Fastabsorptionandconversion3.Rapidduplicationandgrowth4.Strongadaptability5.WidespreaddistributionanddiversifiedspeciesFiveCommonCharacteristicsofWhattypesofmicroorganismscausefermentationtooccur?BacteriaYeastMoldActinomycetesWhattypesofmicroorganismscBacteria

Bacteria

aretypicallyone-celledorganismsthatmultiplybysimpledivisionandcanbeseenonlywithamicroscope.Bacteria1.LacticacidbacteriaLactobacillus——yoghourtStreptococcus——yoghourt

Pediococcus——sourpicklesBifidobacterium——probiotics1.LacticacidbacteriaLactobacillusLactobacillusStreptococcusStreptococcusPediococcusPediococcusBifidobacteriumBifidobacterium2.Aceticacidbacteria

Acetobacter——vinegar2.Aceticacidbacteria3.GlutamicacidfermentativebacteriumCorynebacterium

glutamicumBrevibacteriumflavum3.Glutamicacidfermentativeb4.BacillusBacillussubtilis--protease,amylaseBacilluslicheniformis--protease,amylase4.BacillusBacillussubtilis--

Yeast

Yeasts

areunicellular(single-celled)fungiandthatordinarilyreproducebybudding.HappyYeastYeastHappyYeastSaccharomycescerevisiaeSaccharomycescerevisiae

1.Saccharomyces

Saccharomycescerevisiae——beer

Saccharomycesellipsoideus——wine

2.Candida

Candidautilis——SCP

Mould

Fungithatgrowintheformofmulticellularfilaments,calledhyphae.Incontrast,microscopicfungithatgrowassinglecellsarecalledyeasts.Mould1.Mucor——chinesecheese2.RhizopusR.oryzoe

——amylase3.Aspergillus

A.niger——citricacid,glucoamylase

A.oryzae——soysauce,

pasta(sweet)sauces

1.Mucor——chinesecheeseFungiPlantoranimalsActinomycetesBacteriaActinomycetesMicrobesrelatedtoantibioticproductingFungiPlantoranimalsActinStreptomyces----streptomycinStreptomyces----streptomycinAboutSCP,whichiscorrect?A.Isakindofproteinwhichextractedfrommicrobialcells.B.Ismicrobialcellwhichproducedbyfermentation.C.Isantibioticssecretedbymicrobialcells.D.Couldnotberegardedasfood.AboutSCP,whichiscorrect?Canantibioticproductingmicrobesbeusedintheaminoacidsproduction?CanantibioticproductingmicrChoosingMicroorganismsforIndustrialMicrobiology–1.Thenutritionalcharacteristicsoftheorganism.–

2.Theproductivityoftheorganism,

–3.Thestabilityoftheorganismanditsamenabilitytogeneticmanipulation.–4.Theeaseofproductrecoveryfromtheculture.ChoosingMicroorganismsStrainSelectionPurchasefromCultureCollectionsScreeningofnaturecircumstancesMutationsGeneticengineeringStrainSelectionPurchasefromInternationalCultureCollectionsAbbreviationNameLocationATCCAmericanTypeCultureCollectionUnitedStatesIAMInstituteofAppliedMicrobiologyUniversityofTokyo,JapanNCTCNationalCollectionofTypeCulturesLondon,UnitedkingdomChinaCultureCollectionsCGMCCChinaGeneralMicrobiologicalCultureCollectionCenterBeijingCultureCollectionsInternationalCultureCollecti原種斜面初篩，復(fù)篩，再復(fù)篩采樣設(shè)計實驗方案調(diào)查研究及查閱充分的資料

增殖培養(yǎng)平板分離單株純種分離菌種鑒定Stepsofnewspeciesseparationandscreening原種斜面初篩，復(fù)篩，再復(fù)篩采樣設(shè)計實驗方案調(diào)查研究及查閱充分Screeningofnaturecircumstances

MostmajorsourcesofmicrobesforuseinindustrialmicrobiologyarenaturalmaterialsScreeningofnaturecircumstanMicrobialstraincollection

1.soilslurry

2.Enrichment

Specialmedia

Controlcondition

InhibitunwantedstrainMicrobialstraincollection3.Isolationcultivation

Streakplatemethod

PourplatemethodSpreadplatemethod3.IsolationcultivationStreakplate

method

Bacteriaare“streaked”overthesurfaceofanagarplatesoastoobtainsinglecolonies.Itcanalsohighlightthepresenceofcontaminatingmicro-organisms.StreakplatemethodBacteriaThisisanexampleofagoodstreakforisolationusingthe"fourcorners"method.ThisisanexampleofagoodsPerformingaPlateStreakIPerformingaPlateStreakIPerformingaPlateStreakIIPerformingaPlateStreakII第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件Pourplate

method

Bacteriaaremixedwithmeltedagar.Pouredintoanemptyplateandallowedtosolidify.Pourplatemethod第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件Spreadplatemethod

Smallsamplesofthedilutedbacteriaarepipettedontothesurfaceofagarplates.Asterile,bent-glassrodisthenusedtospreadthebacteriaevenlyovertheentireagarsurface.稀釋的Spreadplatemethod稀釋的第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件4.PurecultivationGrowonlyonekindofmicrobeMustuseaseptictechniquetoavoidcontaminatingthecultureTransferasinglecolonyfromagarplatetoliquidmedium4.Purecultivation5.Productivity

measurement

Primaryscreening：quantity

Secondaryscreening：quality5.ProductivitymeasurementIfIcouldn’tfindanidealstrainfromnature,howwouldIdo?IfIcouldn’tfindanidealstSpontaneous(natural)mutationInducedmutationmutationSpontaneous(natural)mutationTechniqueforinducingmutationPhysicalmutagens

e.g.X-rays,g-rays,UVChemicalmutagense.g.baseanalogs,nitrousacid,alkylatingagents堿基類似物亞硝酸烷化劑TechniqueforinducingmutatioSteps:分離和篩選出發(fā)菌株的選擇處理菌懸液的制備誘變處理中間培養(yǎng)Steps:分離和篩選出發(fā)菌株的選擇處理菌懸液的制備誘變處理第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件

Howaremutantsdetectedbyscientists?VisibleNutritional(auxotrophic)Whatisreplicaplating,andhowisitusedtodetectauxotrophicmutants?Resistancemutations(plateonmediacontainingthechemical)營養(yǎng)缺陷型影印培養(yǎng)法Howaremutantsdetectedb降解纖維素產(chǎn)生透明圈搖床復(fù)篩降解纖維素?fù)u床復(fù)篩Replica-platingtechniquetoscreenformutantstrainsofacolony-formingmicroorganism.Replica-platingtechniquetosQ:Howwouldyouselectforprotease(amylase,celluaseorlase)-producingmutantstrain?Q:HowwouldyouselectforprCellBiologyTechniquesProtoplastRemovingthecellwallwithlyticenzymesinthepresenceofosmoticstabilizers.Inthepresenceoffusogenicagentsuchaspolyethyleneglycol(PEG),protoplastsareinducedtofuseandformtransienthybridsordiploids.Regenerationofviablecellsfromthefusedprotoplasts.融合劑二倍體CellBiologyTechniquesProtoplGeneticEngineeringVarioushighvalueaddedproductshavebeenproducedfromgeneticengineeringmethods.GeneticEngineeringVarioushigCulturepreservation

InternationalCultureCollectionsAbbreviationNameLocationATCCAmericanTypeCultureCollectionUnitedStatesIAMInstituteofAppliedMicrobiologyUniversityofTokyo,JapanNCTCNationalCollectionofTypeCulturesLondon,UnitedkingdomChinaCultureCollectionsCGMCCChinaGeneralMicrobiologicalCultureCollectionCenterBeijingCulturepreservationInternatidryoxygendeficit

lowtemperaureCulturepreservationOligotrophedrylowCultureOligotrophe菌種保藏的方法很多，一般有下面幾種：A：斜面冰箱保藏法B：沙土管保藏法C：石蠟油封存法D：真空冷凍干燥保藏法E：液氮超低溫保藏法菌種保藏的方法很多，一般有下面幾種：Iffermentationinalargetankreceiveonlyoneloopofinoculum,aprolongedperiodwouldresult……..energyconsumingcontamination

NecessityofinoculumdevelopmentIffermentationinalargetanInoculumDevelopment

Thepreparationofapopulationofmicroorganismsfromadormantstockculturetoanactivestateofgrowththatissuitableforinoculationinthefinalproductionstage.休眠的InoculumDevelopment休眠的

SotheinoculumvolumehastobequitelargeAseedfermenterisusuallyrequiredtoproducetheinoculumvolumeTheseedfermenter’spurposeisnottoproduceproductbuttoprepareinoculumSotheinoculumvolumehastAeration:通風(fēng),通氣Aeration:通風(fēng),通氣IninoculumdevelopmentInoculumlevel:approximately0.5to5percentinoculumbyvolumefromtheprecedingstep.Incubationperiod:short,inloggrowthphase,littlefermentationproductInoculummedia:balancedforrapidcellgrowthandnotforproductformation.IninoculumdevelopmentTheprocessofinoculumdevelopmentTheprocessofinoculumdevelo第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件實驗室階段1、培養(yǎng)物選擇的原則目的：種子擴(kuò)培到一定的量和質(zhì)，根據(jù)菌種的特點最終的培養(yǎng)物可分為兩類：

對于不產(chǎn)孢子和芽胞的微生物——獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體對于不產(chǎn)芽孢和孢子的微生物，實驗室階段的種子擴(kuò)培最終是獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌體，如谷氨酸的種子培養(yǎng)。實驗室階段1、培養(yǎng)物選擇的原則目的：種子擴(kuò)培到一定的量和質(zhì)，第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的孢子菌絲體培養(yǎng)步驟少，因而更容易獲得量和質(zhì)穩(wěn)定的種子，但操作繁瑣。對于產(chǎn)孢子的微生物獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的菌絲體便于操作，但需要更仔細(xì)的控制。獲得一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的孢子菌絲體培養(yǎng)步驟少，因而更容易獲得第四章微生物發(fā)酵常用菌種及擴(kuò)大課件2、培養(yǎng)基選擇的原則培養(yǎng)基的選擇應(yīng)該是有利于菌體的生長，對孢子培養(yǎng)基應(yīng)該是有利于孢子的生