英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞1講解_練習(xí)英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞1講解_練習(xí)英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞1講解_練習(xí)xxx公司英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞1講解_練習(xí)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度非謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式非在句中的作用（除謂語動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：V.-ing/V.-ed（規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）（一）動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語動(dòng)詞賓語介詞賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語。定語Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。我們常見的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（習(xí)慣于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（二）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成不定時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.講英語對(duì)我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語。賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語Haveyougotanythingtosay你有要說的嗎

不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。不定式作賓語有些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening你今晚想去看電影嗎

②在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.③常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我寧愿待在房間里。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。不定式作定語①不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。②如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。（三）過去分詞1.作定語單個(gè)過去分詞作定語一般置于所修飾名詞前，短語則放在所修飾詞后。Eg:theretiredscientistPeopletrappedinthelift若所修飾詞由some/any/no+nothing/body/one及these,those等時(shí)放其后Eg:Isthereanythingunsolved。2.作表語表示主語的心理感受或所處狀態(tài)Eg:Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.Sheisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別Eg:Theglassisbroken.Itwasbrokenbymysister.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞表主語性質(zhì)，主語多為物，過去分詞表主語心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.Thenewsisverysurprising.3.作補(bǔ)足語在make,have,get,find,keep,leave,see,hear,make,及with等可接賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞后，接過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成。Eg:Ifoundadogkilledontheroad.Helefthisworkunfinished.Withthehomeworkfinished,hewasallowedtowatchthefootballmatch.havesb/sthdone賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，譯：讓某人、某事被做。1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志，讓別人做某事Eg:Hehadhishaircutyesterday.2）主語遭遇不幸或陷入惡劣環(huán)境Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastweek.Hehadhiseyelostinthewar.4.作狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一樣，過去分詞作狀語可表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，讓步，方式，或伴隨等，這類句子可置于句子前或后面，有時(shí)置于中間。Eg:Bornattheturnofthecentury,hebecameafamousscientistlater.表時(shí)間Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.表原因Givenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkbetter.表?xiàng)l件Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.表讓步Armedwithknives,thepeasantsrushedintothehouse.表方式Theteachercameintothelab,followedbyseveralstudents.表伴隨注：和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一樣，其邏輯主語和主句主語相一致。Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.若不一致須使用過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____

A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating2.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had3.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played4.----DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing5.Whynot____A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome6.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork7.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made8.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedoutC.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout9.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned10.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____

A.tomakefriends B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith11.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.A.toeatB.