★啟用1999年招生考英語（一（科目代☆考生注意事項答題前，考生須在試題冊指定位置上填寫考生和考生；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報考單位、考生和考生,并涂寫考生信息點。寫部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。（以下信息考生必須認真填寫 年攻讀入學考試英語試題PartⅠClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies1lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem2andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a3ofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished4timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay5greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulations.7othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramif umresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety8.Thefewertheinjury9,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat10orataloss.［A］ ［B］aggravating［C］ ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［A］comes ［B］turns ［C］pays ［D］holds［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［A］anadvantage［B］a ［C］an ［D］aPartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)PassageIt’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegsliponyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingeverlongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight—surprise!—falloff.Thelabelonachild’sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertoWhilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Asalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn’thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,ofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“We’rereallysorryhehas eparalyzed,buthelmetsaren’tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,”saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete’sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhose mendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.“Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,”saysalawprofessoratCornellLawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidents［A］Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthrough［B］Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegal［C］Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnew［D］JuriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniesManufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetend［A］satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningson ehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheir［C］makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegal［D］feelobligedtoviewcustomers’safetyastheirfirstThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstrated［A］someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedby［B］helmetswerenotdesignedtoprevent［C］productlabelswouldeventuallybe［D］somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithTheauthor’sattitudetowardstheissueseemsto［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］PassageInthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusinesstobusinesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandther,”saysseniorystBlaneErwinForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWeb［A］hasbeenstrivingtoexpandits［B］intendedtofollowafanciful［C］triedbutinvaintocontrolthe［D］hasbeenboomingforoneyearorSpeakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies［A］thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWeb［B］businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonline［C］thereisaradicalchangein［D］itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedIntheviewofNetpurists,［A］thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonline［B］moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthe［C］theWebshouldbeabletofunctionastheevision［D］thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutWelearnfromthelastparagraph［A］pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternet［B］interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonline［C］leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecades［D］settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingPassageAninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththentoputcomputersintheAneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhois pleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computereducationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computeredadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewelldevelopedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedto eacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake—attheverylongest—acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessaryto inganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroom［A］far ［B］dubiously［C］self ［D］radicallyThebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoall［A］isindicativeofapessimismin［B］cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalof［C］isdeeplyrootedinthemindsof ed［D］originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedItcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis.［A］dependentuponthestartingageof［B］worthtryinginvarioussocial［C］oflittlepractical［D］attractivetoeverykindofAccordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshould［A］includedasanauxiliarycoursein［B］highlightedinacquisitionofprofessional［C］masteredthrougha long［D］equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorPassageWhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrinceton HaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswith mendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup—theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission(NBAC)—hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanearfinaldraftoftheir NBACwillaskthatClinton’s90daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefiniy,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordthe mendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells—routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whetherto mendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetothe mendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywouldappealtoprivayfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill“upintheair”.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraph［A］federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclone［B］theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsof［C］NBACwasauthorizedtocontrolthemisuseofcloning［D］theWhiteHousehasgotthe mendationsonThepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexcept［A］thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadea［B］thecloningofhumanDNAisnottobeputundermore［C］itiscriminaltouseprivatefundingforhuman［D］itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanNBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussed［A］embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentof［B］thehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryo［C］anembryo’slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryo［D］theissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledintheItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph［A］someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcomple［B］alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinno［C］ yfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC’s［D］theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbePassageScience,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheHowmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid,“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthas ethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam”.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton［A］inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientific［B］scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesare［C］scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureof［D］unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificTheauthorassertsthat［A］shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginative［B］shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictable［C］shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnical［D］shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchItseemsthatsomeyoung［A］haveakeeninterestin［B］oftenspeculateonthe［C］thinkhighlyofcreative［D］stickto“scientificTheauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientific［A］maynotbeasprofitableastheyare［B］canbemeasuredindollarsand［C］relyonconformitytoastandard［D］aremostlyunderestimatedbyPart ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalways pleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasaninlectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.Whilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.Socialsciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadiscipline ernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporaryworld.33）Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Methodologyisatermthatremainsinherentlyambiguousinthehistoricalprofession.34）Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.Historians,especiallythosesoblindedbytheirresearchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod,”frequentlyfallvictimtothe“technicalfallacy.”Alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofitstechnicalimplementation.35）Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.SectionⅣWriting(1536.Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatlessthan150YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldcoverthreeeffectofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitspossiblereasonsfortheyoursuggestionforwildlife1999年答案及解PartⅠCloze1.D2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.PartⅡReadingPartPassage11.B12.C13.A14.Passage15.APassagePassagePassagePartⅢ ChineseSectionⅣWriting(15試題精PartⅠClozekee（the（andactivemy，cesyoae與peguntasptavebyhepocans（們還繼續爭那件。放入中，eepsfeyprorasae從語法和意思上均符合文意。整個句子的大意為：事故發生率低的公司制定自己的安全計劃，努力實施它們，并且不斷使揮并。+解此先理空的語adentreoeaons意無故作ee此意“…，免…ancer epon feeon（核區次理條句Wnewrkseld的含義，根據上文，知它指的是：公司能夠很地制定安全計劃并實施時。考還需注意這里條件從句實際上也反應它和主句之間因果關系，：由于公司能夠很地…，無事故作的“什么”就可以立來據判立（run要reqee都是能結它兩個選中cae可以示“氛氛acaeofuet不氣氛，在中為立一個無事故操作的工作圍。干擾項是ccuane，它也可以表示“環境，但一般用復數，如：Teccuacesfcedeoaep（境使不同意它單時義一情個定事件，：orralwasafruaecuane你到是一幸。空格前后部分是兩個結構完整的句子：aclimateofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished（一個無事故操作的工作氛圍被建立起來）timelostiskeptataminimum（工傷損失的時間保持在最低的限度aclimateisestablished4timeistimeiskeptataminimumintheclimate（工傷損失的時間在這種氛圍里會被保持在最低的when，wherewhy可以引導定語從句，并在從句中分別表示時間、地點或原how，句子中就不能有先行詞，如：Thisishowhebehaves.in的搭配。四個選項中，alterdistinguishin搭配，首先應該排除；，ways.（我和我兄弟在許多方面都不同Someplacegreatemphasison...Othersstresssafework也可以看出，空格所在句子的含義應是“成功的安全計劃在所強調的重點方面有很大+空格所在句子是Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulationsothers指代的是othersafetyprograms，by表示方式、。本題空格處雖然填入的是動名詞，但實際考查的是哪個中心動詞可以與賓實施安全作業。A、B和D選項都可以做及物動詞，但它們與rulesorregulations搭配在意義上都不符合句Someplaceemphasisonmechanicalguarding....Othersstresssafeworkpractices...othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker。顯然，這三個結構是平行的。空格處需要詞或副詞來連接。some和many是不定代詞，外前文的value和financial都暗示了填入的短語和經濟有關。四個短語符合句意的只有paysoff（…是值得的，…沒有白費），如：Johnstudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoffHemadeanA.（約翰考例句補充：Thetabletennisfinalscomeofftomorrow.（乒乓球決賽明日舉行；Somethingunexpectedhasturnedup.（發生了意料之外的事情；Theyheldupunderfierceenemyattack（他們頂住了敵人猛烈的進攻。+...claims為固定說法，指“工傷索賠”。空格所在部分是thedifferencebetweenoperatingat10oratalossdifferenceorat和空格部分ataloss（虧本）是選擇關系，在意義上相反。四個選項中，benefitadvantageat搭配；interestat搭配，指“利息”，如：Theloanwasmadeat6percentinterest（以PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1①anticipatevt.*1.anticipatedthehardwinterahead2.期盼，期待（尤指好事）Ianticipatedtheinterviewwithpleasure.3.早于（別人）采取行動，搶先一步,先于……之前（做）WhenIarrived,Ifoundthathehadanticipatedme.當我到達時我②capen.［C］*1.2.（常用于地理名稱）海角;theCapeofGoodHope角③have/get/followones(own)way一意孤行，，隨心所欲例：Sinceheinsists,Illlethavehisway.④liablea.*1.（法律上）有賠償責任的（for）例：Manufacturersareliableforanydefectsintheequipment.制造商對設備的任何缺陷都負有賠償責任。2.易于（可能，傾向于）做某事（尤指不幸的事情）例：Inadepressionbanksareliabletofail.時期銀行往往。3.易出問題的，易得病的；可能受（尤指結果不好的事情）影響（后跟介詞to）例：liabletodiabetes易患的；liabilityn.(法律上對某事物的賠償等)責任,義務；負債，；受某物影響的傾向（尤指不好的事物） a.1.中等的，適度的例：amoderate 不的，溫和的，不偏激的*3.有節制的，不過分的，合理的例：moderatewagedemands合理的工資vi.&vt.（使）緩和，（使）Thestudentsmoderatedtheirdemands.學生們降低了sidedwiththeirmotheragainstme.孩子們總是和站在一邊，跟我唱對臺戲。 vi*1.2.tomovequickly,smoothly,orsecretly迅速移動；悄悄溜走（vt.把……悄悄放在或遞給……例：Islippedanoteintohishandunderthetable.我偷偷從桌子塞給n.［C］1.2.3.asmallmistakeaslipofthetongue/pen口誤/⑧weightn..UC］2.agreatresponsibilityorworryThenewswascertainlyaweightoffmymind.這個消息真是去掉了我心里的重擔。.U］importanceinfluenceorstrength重要性，，實力例：Themanyletterofsupportaddedweighttothen.許多聲援信增加了這場tort ｔ］n.民事行為；tortlaw法bombard［′ｂｍｂａｄ］v.轟炸，轟擊；大量提問，大肆，提供過多信費者()、公司()和面的反應，著重態度的轉變。11.Whatwerethingslikein1980saccidents[A]Customersmightberelievedofdisastersthrough[A]顧客可以通過而免受[B]Injuredcustomerscouldexpectfromthelegal][C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedprovidingnew[C]公司將通過提供新的警示語避免被起[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwith[D]]1980sthethinking指代事故受傷后希望通過獲取補償的想法大約自20世紀80年代初得以。關系副詞when引導非限定性定語從句，when相當于in1980s，意為“當時（在20世紀80年代）陪審團開始認為的公司應對其客［A］選項與原文不符，顧客是之后希望通過得到金錢上的補償（compensate，而不是“免于”，relievesbofsth意為freesbfromsthunpleasant,arduousormonotonous使（人）從不愉快的、費力的、單調的事情中解脫出來，如：relieveyouofatremendousburden/unwantedadvertisements使你卸掉沉重的包袱/免受的騷擾［C］選項出現了原文中沒有的內容newwarnings，而且第三段第一句，12.Manufacturersasmentionedinthetend[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongon[A]意 inadequaciesoftheir[B][C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoid[C]充分利用避免[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomerssafetytheirfirst][分析]本題考核的知識點是：具體細節題。難度文章第二段提到（由于陪審團認為公司應對客戶的不幸負責）公司方面做出的反應是：撰寫冗長的警告，以先標明種可能發的事故。三段著提到，警語能否真保護制商和銷售使之13.ThecaseofSchutthelmet[A]someinjuryclaimswerenosupportedby[A]某些因為索賠不再受法律[B]helmetswerenotdesignedto[B]頭盔不是被設計用來防止 [C]產品最終將被淘[D]somesportsgamesmightlose[D]目]根據Schutt定位到第四段，在舉該例之前作者“現在情況似乎正在發生轉變。雖然個人受傷索賠的案子像以往一樣不斷出現，但是一些開始站到一邊，特別是在有警告也可能無法避免事故14.Theauthorsattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.[A][A][B][B][C][C][D][D]] 技巧：對于態度題，考生要聯系全文，把握整篇文章。同時考生自己的態度糅進其中，還要注意區分作者本人的態度和被作者的他人的觀點的態度。一般情況者的態度和觀點都應具有客觀性，不帶有感情，所以考生應注意慎選具有感彩的詞匯，另外，作者一旦將某種觀點表達成立，就說明他對該事件是充分關注的，因此，諸如indifferent這類詞匯不入選。①Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegsliponyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.這兩個句子都是通過and把一個祈使句和陳述句連接組成的并列句式。在這樣的句子結構中，前面的就如：Missanotherclassandyoullfail.（你再缺一次課就會不及格的。②Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisntclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.t該句主干是While...,it clearthat...，其中“it”是形式主語后接that引導的主語句子。前面tnecessary和manyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations；破折號中的部分是前一個分句的語，舉例說明warnings的具體內容。而many后省略了warnings。③Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhosemendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneedwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossible句子主干是…,theAmericanLawInstitute...issuednewguidelines...the影響”如：Theweightofevidenceisinhisfavour（很大分量上是有利于他的）；tort是法律用語，指民①Nowthetideappearstobe②Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaof外面是一個的世界。邁門時，你可能會滑倒在門墊上，而摔傷一條腿。點燃爐灶時，你可能么一場成功的或以補償你所受的。這種想法大約自20世紀80年代初開始，那時陪審團如今，活梯上貼著幾英寸長的警告，除了其他警告事項外，還警告你可能會摔下來，簡直是莫名其妙！育公司朱利·尼蒙斯就成功地打贏了這樣一場官司。一名橄欖球隊員戴著該公司的頭盔在一場比賽中——一群說話舉足輕重的、、學者——發布了新的法指導原則，宣布公司不必警示顧客那些顯而易見的，或者給顧客列出一份冗長的可能遇到的的（長難句③）康奈爾大學法學院一位適中的目標能夠實現，產品上提供的警示信息就不再是為回避而設，而是為保護消費者利益而提Passage①customizevt.②intranetn.局域網，企