國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（雙語）

(InternationalTradePracticeInChineseandEnglish)制作人：郝美彥理論電子課件國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（雙語）(InternationalTra1第一章國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語第二章主要貿(mào)易條件第三章商品的價(jià)格第四章國際貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)谖逭聡H貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)第六章國際貨款的收付第七章檢驗(yàn)、索賠、不可抗力與仲裁第八章合同的磋商第九章合同的履行第十章國際貿(mào)易方式課件目錄第一章國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語課件目錄2第一章國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語InternationalTradeterms

Ⅰ貿(mào)易術(shù)語及國貿(mào)易際慣例(tradetermsandinternationalcustomarypractices)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的含義及作用有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際慣例

返回目錄Ⅰ貿(mào)易術(shù)語及國貿(mào)易際慣例返回目錄3★Case(案例)：

OneimportandexportcompanyexportedhisgoodsundertheCIFterm.Thesellerdeliveredthegoodsonboardthevesselontimeandpreparedallnecessarydocuments.Butthevesselstrandedandsankinafewhoursafterdeparture.Thenextday,whentheselleraskedforpaymentwithfullsetofdocumentsinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyerrefusedtoacceptthedocumentsandrejectedpaymentbecausehisgoodshavebeenlost.Isitreasonableforthebuyertodoso?Why?返回目錄★Case(案例)：

Oneimport4１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerms（貿(mào)易術(shù)語的定義）:

FOBLONDONThetradetermsrefertousingabriefEnglishconceptorabbreviationtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.返回目錄１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerm52、Internationalcustomarypractices

(國際貿(mào)易慣例)Warsaw-----OxfordRules1932《華沙牛津公約》RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions《1941美國對外貿(mào)易修訂本》InternationalRulesFortheInterpretationofTradeTerms《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》返回目錄2、Internationalcusto6Ⅱ常用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語FOB(FreeonBoard,…namedportofshipment)船上交貨(…指定裝運(yùn)港)CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)返回目錄Ⅱ常用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語FOB(FreeonBoard,…na7FOB,FreeonBoard(…NamedportofShipment)指定裝運(yùn)港船上交貨

Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyhavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallexpensesandrisksofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.返回目錄FOB,FreeonBoard(…Namedpor8CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellershallundertakethecostandfreightnecessarytocarrythegoodstothenamedportofdestination,buttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportofshipment．返回目錄CFR(CostandFreight，…namedp9CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellerhastheobligationtoprocuremarineinsuranceagainsttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.返回目錄CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreigh10Modeoftransportation(運(yùn)輸方式)Theformationoftheunitprice(價(jià)格構(gòu)成)Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer（交貨地點(diǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn)）Responsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwoparties（雙方責(zé)任、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分）返回目錄Modeoftransportation(運(yùn)輸方式)Th111.Themodeoftransportation(運(yùn)輸方式)Suitableforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.2.Theformationoftheunitprice(價(jià)格構(gòu)成)

FOB:Cost(成本)CFR:CostandFreight(成本和運(yùn)費(fèi))CIF:Cost,InsuranceandFreight(成本和運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))返回目錄1.Themodeoftransportation(123.Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer

(交貨地點(diǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn))Ontheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment(在裝運(yùn)港的船舷)4.Theexpensesandresponsibilitiesbornebytwoparties(雙方費(fèi)用、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和責(zé)任的劃分)返回目錄3.Theplaceofdelivery/risk13ThesellerThebuyerFOBDeliverthegoodsonboardthevessel交貨Contractforthecarriageofthegoods租船訂艙Obtainexportlicense獲得出口許可證ObtainimportlicenseCovercargoinsurance投保Providedocumentsforthebuyerandaskforpayment交單議付Paythepriceandtakedeliveryofthegoods返回目錄Theseller14ThesellerthebuyerCFRContractforthecarriageofthegoodsathisownexpensesOnusualterm通常條件Bytheusualroute慣常航線Inthepropervessel適合的船舶Usualfreight正常運(yùn)費(fèi)AdditionalFreight額外運(yùn)費(fèi)返回目錄Thesellerthe15ThesellerthebuyerCIFContractforthecarriageofthegoodsCovercargoinsuranceonbehalfofthebuyerMinimuminsurance(F.P.A)

最低險(xiǎn)別additionalinsurancepremium額外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)返回目錄Theseller16★CIF1.Theexpensesandrisksareseparated(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用分離)2.CIFtermisdocumenttransaction單據(jù)交易(Symbolicdelivery)象征性交貨ThesellerfulfillshisdutyofdeliveringgoodsagainstthedocumentsThebuyershallpaythepriceagainstthedocuments返回目錄★CIF1.Theexpensesandrisk17

Ⅲ

貨交承運(yùn)人的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語1)FCA(FreeCarrier,…namedplace)貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn))2)CIP(CarriageinsurancePaidto，…namedplaceofdestination)運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地)。

3)CPT(CarriagePaidTo．…namedplaceofdestination)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地)返回目錄Ⅲ貨交承運(yùn)人的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語1)FCA(FreeCar18

Ⅳ目的地交貨的各種術(shù)語1)DAF(DeliveredatFrontier．…namedplace)邊境交貨(……指定地點(diǎn))2)DES(Delivered

ExShip．…namedportofdestination目的港船上交貨(……指定目的港)3)DEQ(Delivered

ExQuay，…namedPortOfdestination)目的港碼頭交貨(……指定目的港)4)DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid，…namedplaceofdestination)未完稅交貨(…·指定目的地)

5)DDP

(DeliveredDutyPaid,…namedplaceofdestination)完稅后交貨（…指定目的地）返回目錄Ⅳ目的地交貨的各種術(shù)語1)DAF(Delivereda19第二章主要貿(mào)易條件TheQualityofGoods

TheQuantityofGoods

PackingandMarking

返回目錄第二章主要貿(mào)易條件返回目錄20Ｕnit1QualityofGoods

商品的品質(zhì)表示品質(zhì)的方法(1)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)(SalebyDescription)

①憑規(guī)格、等級或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣(SalebySpecification,GradeorStandard)

商品規(guī)格(Specification)：

Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.SUPER返回目錄Ｕnit1QualityofGoods表示品21

商品的等級(Grade)

Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols.Theclassificationsareusuallydecidedbydifferentqualities,weights,compositions,appearances,properties,etc.

商品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Standard）

Thestandardreferstothespecificationsorgradeswhicharestipulatedandannouncedbythegovernmentorthechambersofcommerce,etc.返回目錄返回目錄22②憑牌號或商標(biāo)買賣（SalebyBrandNameorTradeMark）

Astothegoodswhosequalityisstable,reputationissoundandwithwhichthecustomersarequitefamiliar,wemaysellitbybrandnameortrademark.③憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣(SalebyNameofOrigin)Itissuitableforsomeagriculturalproductsandby-productswhoseoriginsarewell-knownallovertheworld.返回目錄③憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣(SalebyNameofOrigi23④憑說明書和圖樣買賣(SalebyDescriptionandIllustration)

Thequalityofsomecommodities,suchastechnologicalinstruments,electricmachines,etc.cannotbesimplyindicatedbyqualityindexes,insteaditisquitenecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,material,performanceaswellasmethodofoperation.Ifnecessary,pictures,photos,etc.mustalsobeprovided.返回目錄Thequalityofsomecommodi24（2）以實(shí)物表示商品的品質(zhì)（SalebyActualQualityorSample①看貨買賣(SalebyActualQuality)Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminethegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.②憑樣品買賣（SalebySample）

Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestwocases,i.e.,salebytheseller’ssampleandsalebythebuyer’ssample.

返回目錄（2）以實(shí)物表示商品的品質(zhì)（SalebyActualQ25a.憑賣方樣品(SalebySell’sSample)：

b.憑買方樣品(SalebyBuyer’sSample)：

c.對等樣品成交（SalebyCounterSample）：

也有的稱之為確認(rèn)樣品（ConfirmingSample）。日后賣方交貨以對等樣品品質(zhì)為準(zhǔn)。返回目錄返回目錄26Unit2商品的數(shù)量TheQuantityofGoods1、商品數(shù)量的計(jì)量單位

①按重量(Weight)計(jì)算。常用的單位有公噸(Metricton/kiloton)、長噸（LongTon）、短噸（shortton／netton）、公斤(kilogram）等返回目錄Unit2商品的數(shù)量1、商品數(shù)量的計(jì)量單位返回目錄27②按數(shù)量計(jì)算。常見的計(jì)數(shù)單位有件（Piece）、雙(Pair)、套（Set）、打(dozen)、卷（roll）、箱(case)、籮（gross）、袋(bag)、包（bale）等③長度(length)計(jì)算。常用單位有米(meter/m.)、英尺(foot／ft．)、碼（yard／yd．）等。絲綢、布疋、鋼管、電線電纜、金屬繩索等常用長度單位計(jì)量。返回目錄②按數(shù)量計(jì)算。常見的計(jì)數(shù)單位有件（Piece）、雙(Pair28④

按面積（Area）計(jì)算。有平方米（Squaremeter／sq．m．）、平方英尺(squarefoot／sq.ft．)、平方碼（squareyard/sq．yd．）等。木板、皮革、地毯、玻璃板等用面積單位計(jì)量。⑤按體積（Volume）計(jì)算。有立方米（cubicmeter／cu．m.）、立方尺（cubicfoot／cu．ft．）、立方碼(cubicyard／cu．yd．)等。木材、天然氣、化學(xué)氣體等常以體積作計(jì)景單位。⑥按容積（capacity）計(jì)算。常見的容積單位有升[liter／l.]、加侖(gallon/gal．)、蒲式耳(bushel/bu．)等。各類谷物和液體商品常以容積為單位。返回目錄⑤按體積（Volume）計(jì)算。有立方米（cubicmet29２、商品重量的計(jì)算方法1)按毛重（GrossWeight）計(jì)算2)按凈重(NetWeight)計(jì)算，凈重指商品本身的重量。Actualtare:實(shí)際皮重Averagetare:平均皮重Customarytare:習(xí)慣皮重Computedtare:約定皮重返回目錄２、商品重量的計(jì)算方法Actualtare:實(shí)際皮303)ConditionedWeight：按公量計(jì)算。

Ｔhiskindofcalculatingmethodissuitabletothosecargoswhosewatercontentsarenotstable,suchaswool,silk,etc.

①公量=商品干凈重x(1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率)②公量=商品凈重x（1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率/1+實(shí)際回潮率）式中商品干凈重是指用科學(xué)方法抽去商品中的水分后商品的重量。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率是交易雙方約定的貨物中的水分與商品的干量之比。4）Theoreticalweight:按理論重量5）Legalweightandnetweight:按法定重量返回目錄3)ConditionedWeight：按公量計(jì)算。①31⑶商品數(shù)量條款的確定

商品數(shù)量條款，由成交商品的數(shù)量和計(jì)量單位組成。對以重量成交的商品還要訂明計(jì)算重量的方法。1.Don’tusesuchwordsas‘a(chǎn)bout’or‘circa’or‘a(chǎn)pproximate’beforethequantityofthegoods.2.Tostipulatethequantitylatitude:Itmeansthatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantity.

返回目錄⑶商品數(shù)量條款的確定1.Don’tusesuchwor32Unit3商品的包裝

Packing

在國際貿(mào)易中，除少量商品難以包裝，或不值得包裝而采取裸裝（NudePacked）或散裝(InBulk)方式外，絕大多數(shù)商品均需要有適當(dāng)?shù)陌b。商品的包裝(PackageofGoods)是國際商品交換不可缺少的重要環(huán)節(jié)，是聯(lián)系生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)的橋梁。包括不僅起到保護(hù)、宣傳、美化商品的作用，還可使商品增值。商品包裝條款也是合同的要件之一。返回目錄Unit3商品的包裝在國際貿(mào)易中，除少量商品33ⅠThekindsofpacking

(包裝的種類)

１、Shippingpacking:運(yùn)輸包裝⑴Accordingtothemethodofpacking:singlepiecepackingandcollectivepacking.

⑵Accordingtostyleofpacking:Cases,drums,bags,bales,bundles,etc.⑶Accordingtothematerialofpacking:Cartons,woodencases,irondrums,woodencasks,paperbags,gunnybags,plasticbags,etc.返回目錄ⅠThekindsofpacking(包裝的種類)１34

⑷Accordingtothesoftnessofpacking:softnesspackingandhardnesspackingaswellashalf-hardnesspacking.

⑸Accordingtotheextentofpacking:fullpackedandpartpacked

２、Marketingpacking:銷售包裝Piling-uppattern:Hanging-uppattern:Spreading-uppattern:Patternforcarrying

about:Patternforeasilyopening:Patternforsprayingout:Patternforshowingoffagift.返回目錄２、Marketingpacking:銷售包裝Pilin35

ⅡPackingMark（包裝標(biāo)志）⒈Shippingmark:運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志

Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarkareasfollows:Consignee’scode:Consignor’scode:DestinationPackagenumber

ABCCO.返回目錄⒈Shippingmark:運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志Itisu36⒊Warningmark:（警告性標(biāo)志）Itisalsocalleddangerouscargomark,whichisbrushedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers

⒉Indicativemark:（指示性標(biāo)志）

Thiskindofmarkisusedtoremindertherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas‘handlewithcare’,‘keepdry’etc.返回目錄⒊Warningmark:（警告性標(biāo)志）Itis37Ⅲ

Neutralpackingandbranddesignatedbythebuyer

中性包裝和定牌１、Neuralpacking:

Itmeansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrademark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersandoriginspackingwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturers.返回目錄ⅢNeutralpackingandbrandde38２、Branddesignatedbythebuyer（定牌包裝）:ItmeansthatthesellermarksthetrademarkorBranddesignatedonthepackageofthecommodityorthecommodityitselfasbuyer’srequest．返回目錄２、Branddesignatedbythebuye39第三章商品的價(jià)格ThePriceoftheGoods

價(jià)格條款(PriceClause)是進(jìn)出口合同中的核心條款。正確把握進(jìn)出口商品的作價(jià)原則，采用合理的作價(jià)方法，選擇合理的作價(jià)方法，選擇有利的計(jì)價(jià)貨幣，確定合適的價(jià)格術(shù)語，適當(dāng)使用與價(jià)格有關(guān)的傭金和折扣，對提高外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著十分重要的意義。

返回目錄第三章商品的價(jià)格返回目錄40出口商品的成本核算

(1)出口總成本與出口銷售收入

出口總成本是指出口商品的進(jìn)貨成本加上出口前的一切費(fèi)用和稅金。出口銷售收入分為出口銷售外匯凈收入和出口銷售人民幣凈收入，前者是以FOB價(jià)出售商品所得的外匯凈收入，后者是以FOB價(jià)按外匯收帳時(shí)掛牌匯價(jià)折合的人民幣數(shù)額。

(2)出口商品盈虧率與出口創(chuàng)匯率

出口商品盈虧率是指出口盈虧額與出口總成本的比率。計(jì)算公式為：出口商品盈虧率=[(出口銷售人民幣凈收入----出口總成本)/出口總成本]x100％

出口創(chuàng)匯率是指加工后成品出口的外匯凈收入與原料外匯成本的比率。如原料為國產(chǎn)品．可以FOB價(jià)折算：若原料為進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，則以CIF價(jià)折算。返回目錄出口商品的成本核算返回目錄41特別在來料加工情況下，該指標(biāo)更具有現(xiàn)買意義。其計(jì)算公式為：出口創(chuàng)匯率=[（成品出口外匯凈收入----原料外匯成本）/原料外匯成本]x100%

(3)出口商品換匯成本出口換匯成本=出口總成本（本幣）/出口銷售外匯凈收入（外幣）

出口商品價(jià)格的換算方法(1)FOB價(jià)的換算①CFR價(jià)=FOB價(jià)+運(yùn)費(fèi)②CIF價(jià)=（FOB價(jià)+運(yùn)費(fèi)）/[1-保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率X(1+投保加成)]

返回目錄返回目錄42

(2)CFR價(jià)的換算

①FOB價(jià)=CFR-運(yùn)費(fèi)

②CIF價(jià)=CFR價(jià)/[1-保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率X(1+投保加成)]

(3)CIF價(jià)的換算

①FOB價(jià)=CIF價(jià)X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率]-運(yùn)費(fèi)

②CFR價(jià)=CIF價(jià)X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率]

返回目錄(2)CFR價(jià)的換算

返回目錄43傭金與折扣CommissionandDiscount傭金(Commission)是買方或賣方對中間商介紹交易或代辦買賣所給予的報(bào)酬。折扣(Discount,Rebate,Allowance)是賣方按原價(jià)給買方的一定百分比的價(jià)格減讓。返回目錄返回目錄441）傭金的運(yùn)用

（1）傭金的種類。傭金分“明傭”和“暗傭”兩種。前者在合同中標(biāo)明“傭金”字樣，并規(guī)定某一百分比。而后者不標(biāo)志百分比，甚至也不出現(xiàn)“傭金”字樣。但不管何種方式，只要含有傭金，商品的價(jià)格就肯定要高。

(2）傭金規(guī)定方法。凡價(jià)格中含有傭金的稱之為含傭價(jià)。一般用文字表示，如“每公噸3500美元CIF倫敦包括2％傭金”，（U.S.$3500perM/TCIFLondonincluding2%Commission）。也有一些合同中采用簡寫方式，如“每公噸2000美元CIFC2%倫敦”（U.S.$2000perM/TCIFC2%London）。傭金也可以用絕對數(shù)字表示，如“每公噸付傭金100美元”等等。凡在價(jià)格中不含傭金或折扣的稱為凈價(jià)（NetPrice）。

(3)傭金的計(jì)算。以CIF成交，就以CIF價(jià)來乘以傭金得出傭金數(shù)。若以FOB為基數(shù)，則在CIF成交情況下，扣除運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)后再計(jì)算傭金。如果已知凈價(jià)，則含傭價(jià)的計(jì)算公式為：含傭價(jià)=凈價(jià)/（1--傭金率）返回目錄1）傭金的運(yùn)用返回目錄452)折扣的運(yùn)用（1）折扣的種類。在國際貿(mào)易中，除為鼓勵(lì)買方積極購買而給與的一般交易折扣（TradeDiscount）外，還有現(xiàn)金折扣（CashDiscount）、數(shù)量折扣（QuantityDiscount）、季節(jié)折扣（SeasonalDiscount）、特別折扣（SpecialDiscount）等等。此外與傭金相同，折扣也有“明扣”與“暗扣”之分。（2）折扣的規(guī)定。折扣一般也用文字表示，如“每公噸500美元CIF倫敦含2％折扣”，（U.S.500perM/TCIFLondonincluding2%Discount）返回目錄2)折扣的運(yùn)用返回目錄46合同中價(jià)格條款的規(guī)定合同中價(jià)格條款一般包括商品的單價(jià)和總值兩項(xiàng)基本內(nèi)容。商品單價(jià)包括：計(jì)量單位、單位價(jià)格金額、計(jì)價(jià)貨幣和價(jià)格術(shù)語四個(gè)部分。如“每公噸200美元CII倫敦傭金5%

(U.S.$200perM／TCIFC5%LONDON)。總值是指單價(jià)與成交商品數(shù)量的乘積，即一筆交易的總金額。返回目錄返回目錄47第四章國際貨物運(yùn)輸

Transportation

第一節(jié)運(yùn)輸方式(Methodsofthedelivery)第二節(jié)裝運(yùn)條款(shipmentclause)第三節(jié)運(yùn)輸單據(jù)(shippingdocuments)返回目錄返回目錄48一、OceanTransport海洋運(yùn)輸(一)Linertransport班輪運(yùn)輸1.Thefeaturesoflinersusuallyinclude:班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)

⑴Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandcomparativelyfixedfreight.⑵

Thekindsandquantitiesofthegoodscarriedbythelinerareveryflexible,andthelinercanensuredeliveryquality.第一節(jié)運(yùn)輸方式(Methodsofthedelivery)返回目錄一、OceanTransport海洋運(yùn)輸?shù)谝还?jié)運(yùn)輸49⑶Thecarrierisresponsibleforloadingandunloadingoperation,i.e.,grossterm.

⑷TheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.TherightsandobligationsofthecarrierandtheconsignorarebasedontheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompany.返回目錄返回目錄502.班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)(Thelinerfreight)ThelinerfreightischargedaccordingtoLiner’sFreightTariff.Thelinerfreightincludesbasicfreightandsurcharges.ThebasicfreightischargedaccordingtothestandardofLiner’sFreightTariff.Thebasicstandardsforcalculatingfreightarestipulatedasfollows:l

Grossweight,i.e.,weightton,whichindicatedby“W”inthetariff.返回目錄返回目錄51

⑴Volume,i.e.,measurementton,whichisindicatedby“M”inthetariff.⑵Grossweightorvolumeweight,choosingthehigherratebetweenthetwo,whichisindicatedby“W/M”inthetariff.⑶Thevalueofthecargo,i.e.,acertainpercentageofFOBpricewhichisindicated“A.V.”inthetariff.⑷GrossweightorvolumeorA.V.,i.e.,choosingthehighestrateofthethree,whichisindicatedby“W/M”or“A.V.返回目錄⑴Volume,i.e.,measurementto52l

Grossweightorvolume,andthenplusacertainpercentageofA.V.,whichisindicatedby“W/M”plus“A.V.”.l

Thenumberofthecargo.l

Thetemporaryagreemententeredintobetweentheshipownerandtheconsignor.Themainsurchargesareasfollowsl

Extrachargesonheavyliftsl

Extrachargesonoverlengths返回目錄返回目錄53●AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort.●

Additionalondirect

Theformulaofcalculatingthelinerfreightis:F=Fb+∑s=fQ+f(s1+s2+……+sn)Q=fQ(1+s1+s2+……+sn)Fb_______basicfreight∑s______surchargesf_______therateofthebasicfreightQ_______freighttons__________therateofthesurcharge返回目錄●AdditionalonOptionalDischa54

(二)

Tramp(Shippingbychartering)租船運(yùn)輸

Itmeansafreight-carryingvesselwhichhasnoregularrouteorscheduleofsailingsorportorfreight.Theshipperchartersshipfromtheshipownerandusesittocarrythegoods.Itfallsinto3kinds:1.VoyageCharter:程租船運(yùn)輸

Itincludessinglevoyagecharter,returnvoyagecharter,successivevoyagecharterandcontract.返回目錄返回目錄552.TimeCharter:期租Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer3.BareboatCharter:光船租船Theshipowneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabareboat,thecharterershallemploythecrewbyhimself.返回目錄2.TimeCharter:期租Thechart56(三)Thedifferencesbetweenthetrampandtimecharter:期租和程租船的區(qū)別1.Voyagecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythevoyage;rTimecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythetime.Theircontractsarealsodifferent.2.Voyagecharter:Theshipownernotonlymanagestheshipbutalsoisresponsiblefordriving,sailingandtransportationofthegoods.返回目錄返回目錄57Timecharter:Theshipownerisresponsiblefortheship’smaintenance,repairandcrew’swages;buttransportationofthegoods,loadingandunloadingthegoodsarebornebythecharterer.3.Voyagecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtothequantitiesofthegoodsshippedandthecontractshallstipulatetimeofshipmentorrateofshipment;Timecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtotheperiodoftimeandthecontractdoesn’thavetostipulatetimeofshipment.返回目錄Timecharter:Theshipowneris58二、RailwayTransport鐵路運(yùn)輸１、Railwaytransportathome;國內(nèi)鐵路運(yùn)輸２、Internationalrailwaythroughtransport:國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)

Thegoodsbelongtotheexportcountryshallbetransportedtotheplaceofdestinationwitharailwaybillofladingissuedattheplaceofdispatch.Duringthedelivery,therailwaydepartmentisresponsiblefortransportationandtheconsignorandconsigneedon’thavetocareforit.

返回目錄二、RailwayTransport鐵路運(yùn)輸返回目錄59三、AirTransport航空運(yùn)輸1.

ScheduledAirline2.

CharteredCarrier3.

Consolidation4.

AirExpressservice四、CombinedTransport聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸

返回目錄返回目錄60

第二節(jié)

裝運(yùn)條款（ShipmentClause）一、Timeofshipment:裝運(yùn)時(shí)間

(一)Timeofdeliveryandtimeofshipment交貨時(shí)間和裝運(yùn)期

(二)Waysofstipulatingthetimeofshipment裝運(yùn)時(shí)間的規(guī)定方法1.Stipulatethedefinitetimeofshipment;規(guī)定具體明確的裝運(yùn)時(shí)間2.Stipulateafixedtime;規(guī)定在某一固定時(shí)間裝運(yùn)3.Stipilateafixedperiodoftime;規(guī)定在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)裝運(yùn)返回目錄

返回目錄614.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C;規(guī)定在收到信用證后30天內(nèi)裝運(yùn)5.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedinthenearfuture.

規(guī)定在近期裝運(yùn)二、Portofshipmentandportofdestination(裝運(yùn)港和目的港）返回目錄4.Stipulatethegoodsshallbe62Waysofstipulatingtheportofshipmentanddestination1.Stipulateonlyoneportofshipmentandonedestination;2.Stipulateatleasttwoportsofshipmentanddestination;3.Stipulateoptionalports返回目錄返回目錄63三、Partialshipmentandtransshipment(一)Partialshipment:分批裝運(yùn)

Itmeansthegoodsunderthecontractshallbeshippedatdifferenttimeordifferentlots.(二)Transshipment:裝運(yùn)

Whenthereisnodirectlinertothedestinationorthevoyageistoolong,weshouldstipulate“transshipmenttobepermitted”。

返回目錄返回目錄64

第三節(jié)ShippingDocument運(yùn)輸單據(jù)

一、Oceanbilloflading:(提單)Itisareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.(一)RolesofB/L提單的作用

⑴B/LisareceiptforthegoodsissuedbytheshipownerorhisagentevidencethereceiptofthegoodsmentionedintheB/L.

⑵B/Lisadocumentoftitletothegoods.

⑶B/Lisevidenceofthecontractofcarriagebetweentheconsignorandtheshippingcompany.返回目錄返回目錄65(二)KindsofB/L提單的種類1.Accordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevessel,theB/LisdividedintoshippedonboardB/LandreceivedforshipmentB/L.已裝船提單和備用提單2.Accordingtowhethertherearenotesonthebilloflading,itfallsintotwokinds:CleanB/LanduncleanB/L清潔提單和不清潔提單返回目錄返回目錄663.AccordingtowhethertheB/Listransferable,itisdividedinto3kinds:StraightB/LandorderB/LandblankB/L.記名提單、指示提單和空白提單4.Accordingtothemodesoftransport,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:directB/L,transshipmentB/LandthroughB/L.(直達(dá)提單、轉(zhuǎn)船提單和聯(lián)運(yùn)提單)返回目錄返回目錄67二、Seawaybill海運(yùn)單三、Railwaybill鐵路運(yùn)輸單據(jù)

四、AirWaybill空運(yùn)單五、Multimodaltransportdocument多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)

返回目錄返回目錄68第五章

國際貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)Insurance

第一節(jié)

Thescopeofseatransportationinsurancecover海洋運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)的范圍

一、Perilsofthesea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(一)Naturalcalamities:自然災(zāi)害Theyarecausedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.,vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.(二)Fortuitousaccidents:意外事故Theyincludeaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.返回目錄第五章國際貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)

第一節(jié)69二、Oceanlosses海上損失(一)

Totalloss全部損失

Itisclassifiedinto2kinds:1.

ActualTotalLoss:實(shí)際全損Itmeansthattheinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievablylost.2.

ConstructiveTotalLoss:推定全損Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldhaveexceedthevalueofthecargo.(二)Partialloss單獨(dú)海損1.GeneralAverage:共同海損Itreferstoacertainspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheshipowner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesabroadtheship.返回目錄二、Oceanlosses海上損失返回目錄702.Particularaverage:單獨(dú)海損Itmeansthataparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedegreeofthedamagedoesnotreachatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheownerofthisindividualconsignment.三、Maritimecharges海上費(fèi)用(一)Sueandlaborcharges:施救費(fèi)用Itshallbecoveredbytheinsurer.

(二)Salvagecharges:救助費(fèi)用

Accordingtotherelativelaws,theinsurershallpaytothesalvor.Butthereisaprinciple,i.e.,“nocure-nopay”.返回目錄返回目錄71四、Extraneousrisks:外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失

Itincludestheft,freshandrainwaterdamage,shortage,leakage,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,odor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.第二節(jié)

ChinaInsuranceClauses我國海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款一、ThecontentsofCIC(CIC條款的內(nèi)容)(一)Basicrisks：基本險(xiǎn)別Itincludesthreeconditions:Freefromparticularaverage(F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)返回目錄返回目錄72２、Withparticularaverage(W.P.A.)水漬險(xiǎn)

Itcoverspartiallossduetovileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orfloodaswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.３、Allrisks:一切險(xiǎn)AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditionsasabove,thisinsurancealsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfromexternalcausesinthecourseoftransit.返回目錄返回目錄73（二）Additionalrisks附加險(xiǎn)Thiskindofriskcan’tbecoveredindependently;theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononekindofthebasicrisks.

1、Generaladditionalrisks一般附加險(xiǎn)2、Specialadditionalrisks特殊附加險(xiǎn)返回目錄（二）Additionalrisks附加險(xiǎn)返回目錄74第六章國際貨物的收付

Payment第一節(jié)InstrumentofPurchasePrice

支付工具一、Billofexchange匯票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofbillofexchange匯票的定義Abillofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefurthertime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedperson,ortoanybearer.

返回目錄第六章國際貨物的收付第一節(jié)Instr75㈡Partiestoabillofexchange匯票的當(dāng)事人1.Thedrawer:出票人Thepersonwhodrawsthebillofexchangeandheisusuallytheexporterorhisbankerinimportorexporttrade.2.Thedrawee:付款人Thepersonwhoistopaythemoneyandheisusuallytheimporterortheappointedbankerunderaletterofcreditinimportandexporttrade.3.Thepayee:受款人Thepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney,hemaybe,andoftenis,thesamepersonasthedrawerandheisusuallytheexporterhimselforhisappointedbankerinbusinessorhemaybethebearerofthebill.返回目錄返回目錄76㈢Classificationofthebillofexchange匯票的分類1.Accordingtothedrawer,itisdividedinto2kinds:banker’sdraftandcommercialdraft.(銀行匯票和商業(yè)匯票)2.Accordingtowhetheraccompaniedwithshippingdocuments,itcanbeclassifiedinto2kinds:cleanbillanddocumentarybill.(光票和跟單匯票)3.Accordingtothetimeofpayment,itisdividedinto2kinds:sightbillandtimebillorusancebill.(即期匯票和遠(yuǎn)期匯票)返回目錄返回目錄77二、PromissoryNote:本票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofthepromissorynote:本票的定義Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoaorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.㈡Classificationofthepromissorynote本票的分類Promissorynoteisclassifiedintobanknoteandcommercialnote.Banknoteisissuedbythebank;butcommercialnoteisissuedbythebusinessortheperson.返回目錄返回目錄78三、Cheque支票Achequeisanunconditionalorderinwritingd