托福語法之虛擬語氣

托福語法之虛擬語氣

什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣就是表示說話人的愿望，假設，猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣就是表示說話人的愿望，假設，猜測或建1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句主句現在動詞過去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+動詞原形過去had+動詞過去分詞would(should/could/might)+havedone將來動詞過去式wereto+動詞原形should+動詞原形would(should/could/might)+動詞原形1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句條件狀語從句主句現在動詞過去式表現在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表現在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh練習IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.練習IfI____(be)you,Ishould表過去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表過去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表將來IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表將來IfheshouldgotoQingHua練習Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.練習Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略當從句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒裝形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略當從句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯綜時間條件句（從句主句時間不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯綜時間條件句（從句主句時間不一致）練習Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.練習Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語氣的從句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語氣的從句一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句有時，虛擬由without，with,under,引導的介詞短語Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分詞短語Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短語TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虛擬）+but/butthat+從句（陳述）主句（陳述）+or/otherwise+從句（虛擬）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw練習ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.練習ButforJohn,we_____(lose有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應該會通過這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人3.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用1.賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command四個建議：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五個要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。3.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用1.賓語從句。常見動詞：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)練習MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.練習MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主語從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應如此還有以上虛擬語氣詞的衍生詞都用虛擬。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+動詞原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+動詞原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+動詞原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主語從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應如此還有以上虛擬練習itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.練習itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬5.定語從句的虛擬Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定語從句的虛擬6.wish/ifonly的虛擬wish/ifonly之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現或根本不可能實現的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。發生時間動詞形式現在過去式（be用were)過去用過完，或couldhavedone.現在或將來would/could/might+動詞原形6.wish/ifonly的虛擬發生時間動詞形式現在過去式1）表現在Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyouwerehere.IwishIhadmroefreetime.IfonlyIwereabird.1）表現在Iwishitwerespringall2）過去IwishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IwishIcouldhavegonetothemoviewithyouyesterday.Iwishyourfathercouldhavebeentheretoseeitall.2）過去IwishIhadtakenyourad3)現在或將來Iwishyouwouldagreewithme.Ifonlytherainwouldstop.IwishIcoulddance3)現在或將來Iwishyouwouldagree練習Iwishshe___(come)toseemyparentsmoreoften.(將來）Sheoftenwishesthatshe___(canride)ahorse.(過去）Iwishthetrain___(arrive)already;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.（過去）練習Iwishshe___(come)tosee7.在evenif,eventhough所引導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。Itlooksasifitmightrain.現在HetalkstomeasthoughtIwereachild.現在HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.過去7.在evenif,eventhough所引導的讓步8.原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：①should+原形動詞(指現在或將來)。如：Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion.②should+完成式,指過去。如：I’mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam.IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.8.原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣托福語法之虛擬語氣

托福語法之虛擬語氣

什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣就是表示說話人的愿望，假設，猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。什么是虛擬語氣？虛擬語氣就是表示說話人的愿望，假設，猜測或建1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句主句現在動詞過去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+動詞原形過去had+動詞過去分詞would(should/could/might)+havedone將來動詞過去式wereto+動詞原形should+動詞原形would(should/could/might)+動詞原形1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句條件狀語從句主句現在動詞過去式表現在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表現在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh練習IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.練習IfI____(be)you,Ishould表過去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表過去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表將來IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表將來IfheshouldgotoQingHua練習Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.練習Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略當從句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒裝形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略當從句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯綜時間條件句（從句主句時間不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虛擬條件句錯綜時間條件句（從句主句時間不一致）練習Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.練習Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語氣的從句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中可含有陳述語氣的從句一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句有時，虛擬由without，with,under,引導的介詞短語Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分詞短語Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短語TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虛擬條件句含蓄條件句連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虛擬）+but/butthat+從句（陳述）主句（陳述）+or/otherwise+從句（虛擬）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.連詞but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw練習ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.練習ButforJohn,we_____(lose有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應該會通過這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人3.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用1.賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command四個建議：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五個要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。3.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用1.賓語從句。常見動詞：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)練習MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.練習MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主語從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應如此還有以上虛擬語氣詞的衍生詞都用虛擬。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+動詞原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+動詞原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+動詞原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主語從句中有表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應如此還有以上虛擬練習itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.練習itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的從句的虛擬5.定語從句的虛擬Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定語從句的虛擬6.wish/ifonly的虛擬wish/ifonly之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現或根本不可能實現的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。發生時間動詞形式現在過去式（be用were)過去用過完，或couldhavedone.現在或將來would/could/might+動詞原形6.wish/ifonly的虛擬發生時間動詞形式現在過去式1）表現在Iwishitwerespringallthey