細(xì)胞壞死陳小楠阮佳萍朱靈萌周豪定義Definition原因Cause壞死是由細(xì)胞或組織外部能夠?qū)е录?xì)胞成分不受調(diào)控消化的因素如感染，毒素或者外傷造成的。Necrosisiscausedbyfactorsexternaltothecellortissue,suchasinfection,toxins,ortraumawhichresultintheunregulateddigestionofcellcomponents.終止細(xì)胞的能力來進(jìn)行至關(guān)重要的功能比如代謝，生長(zhǎng)，繁殖，響應(yīng)性和適應(yīng)性。Theterminationofthecell'sabilitytocarryoutvitalfunctionssuchasmetabolism,growth,reproduction,responsiveness,andadaptability.與細(xì)胞凋亡的區(qū)別Difference相比之下，細(xì)胞凋亡是細(xì)胞死亡自然發(fā)生的程序化的定向的原因。Incontrast,apoptosisisanaturallyoccurringprogrammedandtargetedcauseofcellulardeath.細(xì)胞凋亡常常為機(jī)體提供有益影響，但細(xì)胞壞死幾乎總是有害的甚至可能是致命的。Whileapoptosisoftenprovidesbeneficialeffectstotheorganism,necrosisisalmostalwaysdetrimentalandcanbefatal.由于壞死細(xì)胞死亡并不遵循凋亡的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路，而是各種受體被激活，導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞膜完整性的喪失和細(xì)胞死亡后的產(chǎn)物不受控制的釋放到細(xì)胞外部空間。Cellulardeathduetonecrosisdoesnotfollowtheapoptoticsignaltransductionpathway,butrathervariousreceptorsareactivated,andresultinthelossofcellmembraneintegrityandanuncontrolledreleaseofproductsofcelldeathintotheextracellularspace.ISICNKI分類Classification凝固性壞死(Coagulativenecrosis)液化性壞死(Liquefactivenecrosis)壞疽性壞死(Gangrenousnecrosis)干酪性壞死(Caseousnecrosis)脂肪性壞死(Fatnecrosis)纖維素樣壞死(Fibrinoidnecrosis)PubMed療法Therapy壞死的原因有很多，因此相應(yīng)的治療是基于壞死是如何發(fā)生的。壞死的治療通常涉及兩個(gè)不同的過程：通常，壞死的根本病因必須要在壞死的組織本身可以處理之前被治療。Therearemanycausesofnecrosis,andassuchtreatmentisbaseduponhowthenecrosiscameabout.Treatmentofnecrosistypicallyinvolvestwodistinctprocesses:Usually,theunderlyingcauseofthenecrosismustbetreatedbeforethedeadtissueitselfcanbedealtwith.療法Therapy清創(chuàng)術(shù)Debridement指的是通過手術(shù)或非手術(shù)的方法切除壞死組織，這是治療壞死的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)療法。根據(jù)壞死的嚴(yán)重程度不同，這可能包括清除皮膚的小斑塊以至患肢或器官的完全切除。Referringtotheremovalofdeadtissuebysurgicalornon-surgicalmeans,thisisthestandardtherapyfornecrosis.Dependingontheseverityofthenecrosis,thismayrangefromremovalofsmallpatchesofskin,tocompleteamputationofaffectedlimbsororgans壞死組織的化學(xué)清除Chemicalremovalofnecrotictissue這種方法通過歸類為蛋白水解，纖溶或膠原酶的酶清除劑來定位壞死組織的各種成分。Thisisanotheroptioninwhichenzymaticdebridingagents,categorisedasproteolytic,fibrinolyticorcollagenases,areusedtotargetthevariouscomponentsofdeadtissue.特殊蛆蟲療法Specialmaggottherapy在特殊情況下，絲光綠蠅幼蟲會(huì)被用來切除壞死組織和預(yù)防感染。I