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高中英語語法之三大從句高中英語語法之三大從句(二)句法:英語的句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)1、句子成分:英語中主要有七種,即主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)、狀語(adverbial)、補語(complement)、表語(predicative)。
注意句子成分和詞類之間的對應關(guān)系2、句子結(jié)構(gòu):簡單句:有五種基本結(jié)構(gòu):(1)主+謂(2)主+謂+賓(3)主+謂+間賓+直賓(4)主+謂+賓+賓補(5)主+系+表并列復合句:兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。并列連詞有:and,but,or,so等。如:Youlovemusicandyouaregoodatmusic.主從復合句:即各種從句,包括名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)、定語從句、狀語從句。高考中占分比最大的是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和定語從句。如何區(qū)分是簡單句還是復合句呢?(二)句法:英語的句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)注意句子成分和詞類之間定語從句:AttributiveClause從句在整個句子中作定語,來修飾某個名詞或代詞,并從屬于主句。狀語從句:AdverbialClause從句在整個句子中作狀語,起副詞的作用。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。一般由連詞來引導。名詞性從句:NounClause從句在整個句子中起名詞的作用,相當于名詞詞組。它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
英語中從句的類型定語從句:AttributiveClause狀語從句:A①找謂語動詞(是否為復合句)
→②如無并列連詞,分別找出主句和從句→③判斷從句在整個句子中擔任何種成分?(即為何種從句)
Hesaidhisfatherisanengineer.Thelittlegirlinredcoatismysister.
★Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimagination.★
Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.★Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,whereitwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.①找謂語動詞(是否為復合句)→②如無并列連詞,分別找出主一、定語從句AttributiveClause(一)定語從句基本概念
1、定語:修飾或限定名詞和代詞的形容詞2、定語從句:顧名思義就是一個句子作定語,并從屬于主句。3、先行詞:定語從句中所被修飾的名詞或代詞。(可以是人或物)4、關(guān)系詞:引導定語從句的詞,代替前面的先行詞,并在定語從句中充當句子成分。有關(guān)系代詞(whichwho/whomthatwhose)和關(guān)系副詞(whenwherewhy)兩種。結(jié)構(gòu):先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句一、定語從句AttributiveClause(一)定語(1)StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.【2010福建】(2)I‘vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhomImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.【2010湖南】(3)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersisterwhereshewouldstayforanhour.【2010江西】(4)That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.【2010山東】(1)StephenHawkingbelievesth(二)定語從句的分類限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞或主句進行補充說明或解釋,它與先行詞或主句間有逗號隔開。(不能用that引導,一般由whichwhowhoseas等引導)DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish?Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,
which
greatly
upsets
me.二者之間有什么區(qū)別?如何判定屬于哪種?定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分,構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited.(二)定語從句的分類限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描1、在句中作用不同:限定性定語從句對先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞含義更具體,更明確。限定性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意不完整。非限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限定性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
2、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同:
限定性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。3、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同:大多數(shù)限定性和非限定性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下,非限定性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限定性定語從句常由which引導。
4、關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同:①that不可用于引導非限定性定語從句②關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同:who替代whom、that替代who/whom③關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同:關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語時可省去,非限定性定語從句所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別翻譯不同:一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾先行詞之前,而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開。1、在句中作用不同:限定性定語從句對先行詞有限定制約作用,使請看下面的句子,你會判斷嗎?1、Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉,句子就失去意義)2、Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscomingbackhomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓,下星期回來。(若把從句去掉,句子意義仍然完整)3、Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽車被竊的那個人。4、I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀請了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。5、Ihaveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing.我買了和她身上穿的一樣的衣服。(which指thesamedress)6、Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得開車很快,這是很危險的。(which指drivetoofast)7、Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改變了主意,這使我很生氣。(which指整個主句)8、LiMing,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.9、LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,whereaconferencewastobeheld.注意:并非只有which才能引導非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句中,如果先行詞指人則用who,which或whose引導;先行詞指物可用which引導;先行詞表時間或地點且在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語時,可用when,where引導。請看下面的句子,你會判斷嗎?1、Peoplewhotak(三)關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1、常見的關(guān)系代詞有:whowhomthatwhichwhose
關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞。如果先行詞指人,關(guān)系代詞可用whowhomthatwhose;如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which或that。(1)ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.(2)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.【2011福建】(3)Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.(4)ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。(三)關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1、常見的關(guān)系代詞有:whow2、關(guān)系代詞who,whom和whose的用法(1)who代替人,是主格,在定語從句中作主語。(有時可用that代替who)An
architect
is
a
person
who
designs
buildings.Anyone
who
wants
to
apply
for
this
job
must
send
us
the
resume
by
first.(2)whom代替人,是賓格,在定語從句中作賓語。在非正式英語中常可省略。Do
you
know
the
gentleman
(whom)
we
met
in
the
school
library
yesterday?This
is
the
student
(whom)
my
father
taught
ten
years
ago.The
girl
(who/that)
I
saw
is
called
Mary.(3)whose一般代替人,有時亦可代替物,是所有格,在定語從句作定語。The
girl
student
whose
father
is
a
senior
engineer
used
to
study
abroad.
Do
you
know
the
name
of
the
hotel
whose
window
we
can
see
here?
(正式用法中:whose
window=the
window
of
which)2、關(guān)系代詞who,whom和whose的用法(1)who代3、關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法(1)關(guān)系代詞which代替物,在定語從句作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。I
do
not
like
stories
which
have
unhappy
endings.
(which可換成that)
Tom
works
for
a
factory
which
makes
watches.
(which可以換成that)
(2)關(guān)系代詞that既可指人又可指物,在當代英語中大多指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。Is
she
the
girl
that
sells
newspapers?
(that可以換成who)
Where
is
the
ice-cream
that
was
in
the
fridge?
(that可以換成which)
Is
this
the
book
that
you
want
to
buy?
(that可以換成which,在定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)
3、關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法(1)關(guān)系代詞whic4、關(guān)系代詞who(m),which和that的區(qū)別
A.關(guān)系代詞who、whom與that的區(qū)別:
(1)當關(guān)系代詞用作主語時,多用主格who。如He
who
loses
hope
loses
all.
失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行詞為代詞he,
they,
any,
all,
one等,多用who)
I
met
Alice,
who
told
me
that
she
was
learning
Chinese.
我遇見艾麗斯,她告訴我她在學漢語。(在非限制性定語從句中,用who)
(2)當關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語時,用賓格whom,不用that。例如:
The
man
to
whom
our
headmaster
talked
just
now
is
our
English
teacher我們校長剛才與他談話的那個人是我們的英語老師。(介詞與關(guān)系代詞緊密相連時,只能用賓格whom,不可用主格who)
注意:介詞與關(guān)系代詞不是緊密相連時,或者說介詞放在句子后面時,這時可以用主格who,也可用that,還可省略關(guān)系代詞。
(3)當關(guān)系代詞泛指人時,多用that。
He
is
a
man
that
is
never
afraid
of
failure.
他是個從不怕失敗的人。(that用來泛指人)
(4)當關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開頭的疑問句時,應用that。例如:
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
talking
to
Tom
in
English?
(避免重復使用who,以免造成誤解或語義含混不清)
4、關(guān)系代詞who(m),which和that的區(qū)別
★只能用who,不能用that引導定語從句的情況all作先行詞且指人時先行詞是those且指人時在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中且指人時先行詞是指人的不定代詞時,如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等1.All___havestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.2.Those___wanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.3.Thereisayounglady__asksforyou.4.Thestudentyoushouldlearnfromistheone__workshardandstudieswell.★只能用who,不能用that引導定語從句的情況all作先行
B.關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別:(1)
當先行詞為all,
much,
little以及不定代詞anything,
something,
everything等時,關(guān)系代詞多用that。例如:
All
that
glitters
is
not
gold.
閃閃發(fā)光物,未必盡黃金。
She
told
me
everything
that
she
knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。
(2)當先行詞前面有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the
only,
the
very,
all,
every,
any,
no等時,關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。例如:
This
is
the
best
novel
that
I
have
ever
read.
這是我讀過的最好的一部小說。
He
is
the
only
person
that
has
been
invited
to
the
ball.
(3)當關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在which開頭的疑問句時,應用that。例如:
Which
was
the
hotel
that
was
recommended
to
the
foreign
guest?
哪一個是推薦給外賓的賓館?(這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復which)
(4)在非限定性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。例如:
Beijing,
which
is
the
capital
of
the
People’s
Republic
of
China,
will
host
the
2008
Olympic
Games.
北京是中華人民共和國的首都,將主辦2008年奧運會。
(5)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which,而不用that。例如:
She
has
collected
600
stamps,
60%
of
which
are
German
stamps.
她收集了600張郵票,其中60%是德國郵票。
B.關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別:★只能用which不能用that引導定語從句的情況:①引導非限定性定語從句時②當關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時③當先行詞本身就是that時Football,___isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Thisisthehousein___heoncelived.That——youtoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.★只能用that不能用which引導引導定語從句的情況①先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時②先行詞是不定代詞all、little、much、everything等時③先行詞被all、every、no、theonly、theevery等修飾時④先行詞既指人又指物時⑤主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時Thisisthebestfilm___hasbeenshowninthecity.All___isworthdoingshouldbedonewell.Theytalkedabouttheschoolsandteachers___theyhadvisited.Whoistheman___isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?★只能用which不能用that引導定語從句的情況:5、小結(jié):關(guān)系代詞用法注意事項(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。例如:Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which,who,或whom。例如:ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhaveeverseen.(3)非限制性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhomarewelleducated.(4)which還有一種特殊用法,它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中,which可以作主語,也可以作賓語或表語,多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似,并可以指人。例如:Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.5、小結(jié):關(guān)系代詞用法注意事項(1)如果先行詞是all,m(5)that可指人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語,(指人作主語時多用who)僅用于限制性定語從句中。(6)which可作主語,既可指人,以可指物。指人時,一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征、品性或才能的人。which引導的定語從句可以是限制性的,也可以是非限制性的Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,whichshewantedtobe.
(7)當主句中有who,which時,而定語從句中也要用到who或which,為避免重疊,定語從句用that引導。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?(8)先行詞有兩個,一個指人,一個指物,關(guān)系代詞應該用that。例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(9)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應該用who或whom,不用which。例如:Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?whom、which和that在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時,后面的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略,且也不能用that。(5)that可指人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語,(指人作主語(四)關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1、常見的關(guān)系副詞有:whenwherewhy關(guān)系副詞代替前面表示時間、地點和原因的先行詞,在定語從句中分別表示時間、地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語,where充當?shù)攸c狀語,why充當原因狀語。它們的用法大家不妨記住一個口訣:
the
time
when
the
place
where
the
reason
why與關(guān)系代詞有什么不同?二者的選擇依據(jù)?(四)關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1、常見的關(guān)系副詞有:when2、關(guān)系代詞where的用法where表示……的地方,修飾場所、方位名詞Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse.=Thisisthehouse
where
Iwasborn.先行詞關(guān)系副詞=ThisisthehousewhichIwasbornin.=ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.注:關(guān)系副詞相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,即:where=inwhich2、關(guān)系代詞where的用法where表示……的地方,修飾場用關(guān)系副詞where連接下面的句子:Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Wevisitedthehouse.Luxunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthefactory
where
Iworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolwheremystudiesisnearapark.Wevisitedthehouse
where
Luxunoncelived.用關(guān)系副詞where連接下面的句子:Thisisthewhen引導的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞,并在定語從句中作時間狀語,相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which)”。3、關(guān)系副詞when的用法I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.
when=onwhich(=ontheday)Westillrememberedthedayswhenwetravelledtogether.when=inwhich(=inthedays)when引導的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞,并在定語從句中作時用關(guān)系副詞when連接下面的句子:They’llneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.Thedaysaregoneforever.Weusedforeignoilduringthosedays.Therewasatime.Thebusinessmanlostheartatthattime.They’llneverforgetJuly1
whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregoneforever.Therewasatimewhenthebusinessmanlostheart.介詞+關(guān)系代詞which?用關(guān)系副詞when連接下面的句子:They’llnever4、關(guān)系副詞why的用法why表示……的原因,……的理由Doyouknowthereason
?Shegotsoangryforthereasonyesterday.Doyouknow
thereason
why
shegotsoangryyesterday?
=Doyouknowthereason
which
shegotsoangry
foryesterday?=Doyouknowthereason
forwhich
shegotsoangryyesterday?
why=forwhich
4、關(guān)系副詞why的用法why表示……的原因,……的理由5、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句小結(jié):(1)引導定語從句(2)代替先行詞(3)在其所定語從句中擔當一個成分。關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句時,在從句中充當主語、賓語或定語;關(guān)系副詞引導定語從句時,關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當狀語。關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞(不包括that)why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)牢記定語從句關(guān)系詞的三個作用:5、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句小結(jié):(1)引導定語從句(2)
“關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞”
在定語從句中,這個結(jié)構(gòu)是不是任何時候都成立?1.I’llneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhichwespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplacewhere/inwhichIworkedtenyearsago.4.IwenttotheplacewhichI
visitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.6.Thisisthereasonthat/which
hegave.“關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞”1.I’(五)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句
□介詞+which的定語從句,修飾事或物□介詞+whom的定語從句,修飾人(五)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句1.Hepaid$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.2.Heexplainedthereason
forwhich
hewaslate.3.TheguitarwithwhichGeorgegavemanyperformanceswaslost.4.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithoutwhich
wewouldhavelostourway.5.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.6.Ihavehiredtwotypists,neitherofwhomtypesbetterthanyou.1.Hepaid$10forwashingten(六)特殊引導詞as引導的定語從句:(引導限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句)as最基本的用法是做連詞“與……一樣”,表示同級的比較,介詞“作為”。下面是它特殊的用法,例句:1.Hedoesnotpossesssuch
qualifications
asarenecessarytobeanactor.他并不具備一名演員應有的資格。2.Sheboughtthesame
skirt
asIhadboughtlastweek,soIneedtotalktoheraboutitsowedon‘twearthematthesametime.她買的那條裙子和我上周買的一模一樣,我要和她商量一下,免得“撞衫”。3.Themurdererwhohadkilledseveralpeopleonthecampuswasfinallyarrestedbythepolice,aswasexpected.如我們所愿,那個在校園殺害數(shù)人的殺人犯終于被警方逮捕。(該句中并未出現(xiàn)與as搭配的短語,此處的用法是as做關(guān)系代詞指代前面整個句子,在定語從句中做主語。)4.Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.5.Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
定語從句與賓語從句、同位語從句、強調(diào)句型等的區(qū)別?(六)特殊引導詞as引導的定語從句:(引導限定性定語從學習定語從句需要注意的幾個問題:1、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致性Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.2、定語從句與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore3、定語從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)
Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.4、定語從句與狀語從句Hefoundthebookswherehehadput.Hefoundthebooksintheplacewherehehadput.5、定語從句與同位語從句Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.學習定語從句需要注意的幾個問題:定語從句練習11.Isthisthefactory____heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone2.Isthisfactory___someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.ThatB.whereC.whichD.theone3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears__Iliveinthefarm__youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where4.Doyouknowthereason___hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that5.Maythefourthistheday____weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich6.Isthatthereason___youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat7.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch____washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./定語從句練習11.Isthisthefactory8.Iwillneverforgettheday____westudiedtogether.A.atwhichB.onthatC.atthatD.onwhich9.TheSecondWorldWar___millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.onwhich B.whereC.inthatD.duringwhich10.Whocanthinkofasituation_____thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat11.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_____wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that12.Ihavemanybooks,someof___areonchemistry.A.ThemB.thatC.whichD.those13.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich14.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory___youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.whereC./D.when15.Icanstillrememberthesitting-room___mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where16.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when8.Iwillneverforgettheday定語從句練習21.Thisistheman___wantstoseeyou.2.Aclockisamachine__________tellspeoplethetime.3.Idon’tknowthereason____hewaslatefortheclass.4.Helostmybike,_____mademeunhappy.Abirthdayisthedate____onewasborn.5.Isthereanyone_____familyisinBeijing?6.Heisdoingsuchwork
asIam.7.Doyouknowthereason_______noonequestionedAristotle’stheoryforabout2,000years?定語從句練習21.Thisistheman___定語從句練習3下列各句均有一處錯誤,請找出并改正。1.Istillrememberthedaythatwefirstmetinourschool.2.IneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithyourfamilylastsummer.3.Thevillagewhichhewasbornhastakenonanewlook.4.Thisisthetownwherewepaidavisittolastyear.5.Canyoutellmethereasonwhichyoumissedtheclassthismorning.6.DoyoubelievethereasonwhyTomgaveforhisbeinglateforwork?7.Thegirlgotherselfintoasituationthatshewaslikelytolosecontrolofhercar.8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupintheplacewherewasawastelandtwoyearsago.定語從句練習3下列各句均有一處錯誤,請找出并改正。1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?–Yes,he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom4.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was5.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.whom6.Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withhimB.withwhomC.whoD.whom7.Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whoseD.with8.Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose9.Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom10.ShaolinTemple____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what1.Theplace_______interested11.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what12.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?A.thatB.whenC.where13.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.A.whenB.whichC.who14.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who15.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when16.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whose17.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom18.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone______workshard.A.whichB./C.whomD.who19.Ilikethose______bookstopicsareabouthistory.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose20.Theboy______fatherworksabroadismyclassmate.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose11.Beijingisthe29thcity_(1)Themines()Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhouse.(2)Thetime()Iarrivedwaslateatnight.(3)Thereason()IjoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguewasbecauseofmyhardwork.(4)Thedate()Igotajobwasthe5thofAugust.(5)Thebuilding()wevotedwasverygrand.(6)--Wheredidyoumeetthefamousactress?--Itwasinthesupermarket()wewentshoppinglastSunday.A.whichB.thatC.Where(7)Isthereabookshoparound
IcanbuyanEnglishChinesedictionary?A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what(8)Wasiteleveno’clock
youarrivedhomelastnight?A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.while(9)Iwonderifitwasinthebookstore
Iboughtsomebooks
Ilostthekeys.A.that;thatB.where;whereC.where;thatD.that;where
(10)Thevillagehasdevelopedalot
welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where(1)Themines()Iworke1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____thefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhomB.whoC.fromwhomD.that3.Thebuilding______thereisabigstatuswasbuiltover100yearsago.A.onwhichB.infrontofwhichC.thatD.infrontofwhere4.Antarctic,____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich5.Isthisthefactory___someforeignfriendspaidavisitlastFriday?A.thatB.towhereC.towhichD.which6.Ihavevisitedmanycities,_____areinthenorth.A.mostofwhichB.mostofthemC.whereD.inwhich7.Ihavevisitedmanycities,and_____areinthenorth.A.mostofwhichB.mostofthemC.whereD.inwhich8.Themanager,______companyyouworkwillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.ofwhomD.who1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimThankyou!Thankyou!此課件下載可自行編輯修改,僅供參考!
感謝您的支持,我們努力做得更好!謝謝此課件下載可自行編輯修改,僅供參考!
感謝您的支持,我們努力高中英語語法之三大從句高中英語語法之三大從句(二)句法:英語的句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)1、句子成分:英語中主要有七種,即主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)、狀語(adverbial)、補語(complement)、表語(predicative)。
注意句子成分和詞類之間的對應關(guān)系2、句子結(jié)構(gòu):簡單句:有五種基本結(jié)構(gòu):(1)主+謂(2)主+謂+賓(3)主+謂+間賓+直賓(4)主+謂+賓+賓補(5)主+系+表并列復合句:兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。并列連詞有:and,but,or,so等。如:Youlovemusicandyouaregoodatmusic.主從復合句:即各種從句,包括名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)、定語從句、狀語從句。高考中占分比最大的是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和定語從句。如何區(qū)分是簡單句還是復合句呢?(二)句法:英語的句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)注意句子成分和詞類之間定語從句:AttributiveClause從句在整個句子中作定語,來修飾某個名詞或代詞,并從屬于主句。狀語從句:AdverbialClause從句在整個句子中作狀語,起副詞的作用。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。一般由連詞來引導。名詞性從句:NounClause從句在整個句子中起名詞的作用,相當于名詞詞組。它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
英語中從句的類型定語從句:AttributiveClause狀語從句:A①找謂語動詞(是否為復合句)
→②如無并列連詞,分別找出主句和從句→③判斷從句在整個句子中擔任何種成分?(即為何種從句)
Hesaidhisfatherisanengineer.Thelittlegirlinredcoatismysister.
★Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimagination.★
Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.★Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,whereitwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.①找謂語動詞(是否為復合句)→②如無并列連詞,分別找出主一、定語從句AttributiveClause(一)定語從句基本概念
1、定語:修飾或限定名詞和代詞的形容詞2、定語從句:顧名思義就是一個句子作定語,并從屬于主句。3、先行詞:定語從句中所被修飾的名詞或代詞。(可以是人或物)4、關(guān)系詞:引導定語從句的詞,代替前面的先行詞,并在定語從句中充當句子成分。有關(guān)系代詞(whichwho/whomthatwhose)和關(guān)系副詞(whenwherewhy)兩種。結(jié)構(gòu):先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句一、定語從句AttributiveClause(一)定語(1)StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.【2010福建】(2)I‘vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhomImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.【2010湖南】(3)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersisterwhereshewouldstayforanhour.【2010江西】(4)That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.【2010山東】(1)StephenHawkingbelievesth(二)定語從句的分類限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞或主句進行補充說明或解釋,它與先行詞或主句間有逗號隔開。(不能用that引導,一般由whichwhowhoseas等引導)DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish?Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,
which
greatly
upsets
me.二者之間有什么區(qū)別?如何判定屬于哪種?定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分,構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited.(二)定語從句的分類限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描1、在句中作用不同:限定性定語從句對先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞含義更具體,更明確。限定性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意不完整。非限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限定性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
2、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同:
限定性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。3、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同:大多數(shù)限定性和非限定性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下,非限定性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限定性定語從句常由which引導。
4、關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同:①that不可用于引導非限定性定語從句②關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同:who替代whom、that替代who/whom③關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同:關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語時可省去,非限定性定語從句所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別翻譯不同:一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾先行詞之前,而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開。1、在句中作用不同:限定性定語從句對先行詞有限定制約作用,使請看下面的句子,你會判斷嗎?1、Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉,句子就失去意義)2、Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscomingbackhomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓,下星期回來。(若把從句去掉,句子意義仍然完整)3、Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen
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