書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thebannersarepacked,theticketsbooked.Theglitterandwhiteoverallshavebeenbought.Thegasmasksjustfitandthemobilephonesareready.Allthatremainsistogettotheparties.

Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.ItstartedonBastilleDay,lastSaturday,withtheFrenchunionsandimmigrantsonthestreetsandthefirstdemonstrationsinBritainandGermanyaboutclimate.ItwillcontinuetomorrowandThursdaywithenvironmentalandpeaceralliesagainstPresidentBush.ButthebigoneisinGenoa,onFridayandSaturday,wheretheG8leaderswillmeetbehindthelinesof18.000heavilyarmedpolice.UnlikePrague,Gothenburg,CologneorNice,GenoaisexpectedtobeEurope’sSeattle,thecomingtogetherofthedisparatestrandsofresistancetocorporateglobalization.

Neithertheprotestersnortheauthoritiesknowwhatwillhappen,butsomethingsarepredictable.Yes,therewillbeviolenceandyes,themassmediawillfocusonit.WhatshouldseriouslyconcerntheG8isnotsomuchtheviolence,thenumbersinthestreetsoreventhattheythemselveslooklikeidiotshidingbehindthebarricades,butthatthedeeprootsofagenuinenewversionofinternationalismaregrowing.

Forthefirsttimeinageneration,theinternationalpoliticalandeconomicconditionisinthedock.Moreover,theprotestersareunlikelytogoaway,theirconfidenceisgrowingratherthanwaning,theiragendasaremerging,theprotestsarespreadinganddrawinginallagesandconcerns.

Nosingleanalysishasdrawnallthestrandsofthedebatetogether.Inthemeantime,theglobalprotest“movement”isdevelopingitsownlanguage,texts,agendas,myths,heroesandvillains,justastheG8leaders,worldbodiesandbusinessestalkincreasinglyfromthesamescript,sotheprotesters’oncedisparatepoliticalandsocialanalysesareconverging.Thelong-termprojectofgovernmentsandworldbodiestoglobalizecapitalanddevelopmentisbeingmirroredbytheglobalizationofprotest.

Butwhathappensnext?Governmentsandworldbodiesareunsurewhichwaytoturn.Howeverwelltheyarepoliced,majorprotestsreinforcetheimpressionofindifferentelites,repressionofdebate,overreactiontodissent,injusticeandunaccountablepower.

Theiroptions―apartfromactuallyembracingthebroadagendabeingputtothem—aretoretreatbehindevenhigherbarricades,repressdissentfurther,abandonglobalmeetingsaltogetheror.morelikely,meetonlyinplacesabletophysicallyresistthemasses.

Brusselsisconsideringbuildingasuperfortressforinternationalmeetings.GenoamaybethelastoftheEuropeansuper-protests.

1.Accordingtothecontext,theword“parties”attheendofthefirstparagraphrefersto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,economicglobalizationisparalleledby

（

）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisBrusselsconsideringdoing?

問題1選項

A.themeetingoftheG8leaders

B.theprotestsonBastilleDay.

C.thecomingpan-Europeanprotests

D.thebigprotesttobeheldinGenoa

問題2選項

A.theemergingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

B.thedisappearingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

C.thegrowingEuropeanconcernaboutglobalization

D.theincreaseinthenumberofprotesters

問題3選項

A.Meetinginplacesdifficulttoreach

B.Furtherrepressingdissent

C.Acceptingtheprotesters'agenda.

D.Abandoningglobalmeetings

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。結合上下文可知，這里的“parties”指的是第二段首句提及的“Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.本周將有一場全歐洲的抗議盛宴。”選項C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據第五段的最后一句“Thelong-termprojectofgovernmentsandworldbodiestoglobalizecapitalanddevelopmentisbeingmirroredbytheglobalizationofprotest.各國政府和世界機構使資本和發展全球化的長期項目正在抗議的全球化中得到反映。”這句話的意思是對上文的總結，即全球抗議運動正在發展自己的語言、文字、議程、神話、英雄和壞人，就像G8領導人一樣，世界各地的機構和企業越來越多地用同一套說辭進行對話。因此，抗議者曾經迥然不同的政治和社會分析正在合并。也就是說，他們之間的差異分歧正在逐步消除，因此選項B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據原文最后一段第一句“Brusselsisconsideringbuildingasuperfortressforinternationalmeetings.布魯塞爾正在考慮為國際會議建造一座超級堡壘。”這里的超級堡壘即上一段所提及的“retreatbehindevenhigherbarricades.退到更高的街壘后面去。”也就是在難以到達的地方見面。選項A符合原文。

2.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復;shield與from庇護,使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營救。句意：應該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風和霜凍。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

問題1選項

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference參考，提及；decoration裝飾；soporific催眠劑。句意：閱讀群眾對20世紀60年代的書籍的渴望并沒有減少；事實上，由于受一連串的通俗電視紀錄片的影響，普遍的興趣還增加了。根據句意及前后關系可知A項正確。

4.翻譯題

寫給未來的自己一封信當你10年、20年或更多年后回顧過去時，你會吃驚地發現，隨著時光的流逝，你也發生了很大的變化。你的經歷、朋友、家庭和工作造就了現在的你。但是再過幾年你會在哪里呢？你會如何變化呢？這樣反思性的寫作，會是思考未來你想要什么的一種好的方式。

你也許以前試過給過去的自己寫信，向年輕時的自己傳授一些人生的智慧和觀點，你希望那時候的自己就能知道這些。現在我們換個角度看問題，如果讓你給未來的自己寫封信，你會寫點什么？

想象一下，給5年后的自己寫一封信，當5年后你打開那封信時，你會產生多少共鳴。這是實現目標的一種有用的輔助工具，因為當你給未來的自己寫信時，你會慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那個特定時刻變成什么樣子。

當你在未來讀這封信時，你可以看看有多少事情是像你過去期望的那樣，你也會思考為什么會這樣。很多時候，我們設定目標在實現的過程中會受到沿途中各種因素的影響，因為會遇到各種各樣的困難、各種意外情況并需要不斷調整優先級。

這封信能讓你從宏觀的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，讓你意識到自己現在的想法和過去相比有多么不同。

當你以后看信時，你會把過去的自己和現在的自己進行比較。這會讓你看清從寫信時起你發生了哪些變化，這種體驗是非常有趣的。光看看從你寫信開始發生了哪些變化就很有趣了。

現在就拿出筆和紙，開始給未來的自己寫封信吧。找個合適的時間，想象你在那段時間內會是什么樣子，然后開始寫信。想一想你想成為哪種人，你在生活中的位置、那時你的成就、你會有什么樣的想法和感覺，諸如此類的內容。

寫完信，把它裝到信封里，在信封的封面上寫上日期，把它妥善保管起來。在自己的日歷中標記一下打開這封信的日期。當你以后打開信時，你可能會更好地洞察自己以及自己過去的生命歷程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast10,20,30ormoreyearsagoit’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

5.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refresh“振作，恢復活力”；B選項restore“恢復，修復”，強調恢復原貌；C選項renovate“更新，修復”，強調整修一新；D選項renew“使更新，使修復”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復昔日的輝煌，進行了大量的工作。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。

6.單選題

Itcanbearguedthatmuchconsumerdissatisfactionwithmarketingstrategiesarisesfromaninabilitytoaimadvertisingatonlythelikelybuyersofagivenproduct.Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First,thereisthemarketsegment—peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second,thereistheprogramtarget—peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe“bestfit”characteristicsforaspecificproduct.Lotsofpeoplemayneedtrousers,butonlyafewqualifyaslikelybuyersofveryexpensivedesignertrousers.Finallythereistheprogramaudience—allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogramwithoutregardtowhethertheyneedorwanttheproduct.

Thesethreegroupsarerarelyidentical.Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget,forexample,allcompanieswithaparticularapplicationoftheproductinquestion,suchashigh-speedfillersofbottlesatbreweries.Insuchcircumstances,directselling(marketingthatreachesonlytheprogramtarget)islikelytobeeconomicallyjustified,andhighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.

Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.Eachrepresentsarelativelysmallpercentageofpotentialsales.Rarelydomembersofaparticularmarketsegmentgroupthemselvesneatlyintoameaningfulprogramtarget.Therearesubstantialdifferencesamongconsumerswithsimilardemographiccharacteristics.Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.

1.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouthighlyspecializedtrademedia?

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutdirectselling?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesituationdescribedinthelasttwosentencesofthepassage?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemarketingofindustrialproductslikethosediscussedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingistrueformostconsumer-goodsmarkets?

問題1選項

A.Theyareusedonlyforveryexpensiveproducts.

B.Theyshouldbeusedonlywhendirectsellingisnoteconomicallypossible.

C.Theycanbeusedtoexcludefromtheprogramaudiencepeoplewhoarenotpartoftheprogramtarget.

D.Theyarerarelyusedintheimplementationofmarketingprogramsforindustrialproducts.

問題2選項

A.Itisusedinthemarketingofmostindustrialproducts.

B.Itisoftenusedincaseswherethereisalargeprogramtarget.

C.Itisnoteconomicallyfeasibleformostmarketingprograms.

D.Itisusedonlyforproductsforwhichtherearemanypotentialcustomers.

問題3選項

A.Aproductsuitableforwomenage21-30ismarketedatmeetingsattendedonlybypotentialcustomers.

B.Acompanydevelopsanewproductandmustdevelopanadvertisingcampaigntocreateamarketforit.

C.Anideaforaspecializedproductremainsunexploredbecausemediaexposureoftheproducttoitsfewpotentialcustomerswouldbetooexpensive.

D.Aproductsuitableformenage60andoverisadvertisedinamagazinereadbyadultsofallages.

問題4選項

A.Themarketsegmentandprogramtargetareidentical.

B.Massmarketingistheonlyfeasiblewayofadvertisingsuchproducts.

C.Themarketingprogramcannotbedirectedspecificallytotheprogramtarget.

D.Morecustomerswouldbeneededtojustifytheexpenseofdirectselling.

問題5選項

A.Theprogramaudienceissmallerthanthemarketsegment.

B.Theprogramaudienceandthemarketsegmentareusuallyidentical.

C.Themarketsegmentandtheprogramtargetareusuallyidentical.

D.Theprogramtargetandtheprogramaudiencearenotusuallyidentical.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據文章第一段，“Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First…peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second…peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe‘bestfit’characteristicsforaspecificproduct…Finally…allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogram…”，可知有三種消費者受到市場營銷的影響。第一種是真正需要商品的人，第二種是適合某種特殊商品的人，第三種是接觸到營銷項目的所有人。根據文章第二段最后一句，“…highlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.”，高度專業化的行業媒體的存在是為了讓營銷項目的目標成員和只有接觸營銷目標的成員了解營銷方案。可判斷出高度專業化的行業媒體可以用來把不屬于營銷目標的人排除在營銷計劃之外。選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段，“Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.”，盡管在過去的十年里，信息技術取得了很大的進步，但直接銷售消費品還是很少見的，而大眾營銷——一種針對廣大受眾的營銷方式——仍然是唯一經濟上可行的模式。可判斷出直接銷售目前仍然不是經濟上可能的模式。選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據文章最后兩句，“Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.”，不幸的是，很少有媒體允許營銷人員將營銷計劃完全針對計劃目標。不可避免地，人們會接觸到大量的營銷產品，而他們對這些產品并不感興趣，而且會感到厭煩。可判斷出一種適合60歲以上男性的產品在各年齡段的成年人都能閱讀的雜志上登廣告，這種現象剛好反映了這一問題。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據文章第二段，“Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget…”，在特定工業產品的客戶可能很少且很容易識別的情況下，偶爾會出現例外。這些共有特定需求的客戶很可能形成一個有意義的目標，可判斷出特定工業產品的細分市場和營銷目標是一致的。選項A符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段，“Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.”，大多數消費品的市場都有很大的區別。通常，這些市場的潛在客戶很多。可判斷出大多數消費品市場的市場目標和營銷受眾是不一致的，存在區別。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshould（

）newoperatingprocedures.

問題1選項

A.resultin

B.matchwith

C.subjectto

D.proceedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。resultin意為“引起，導致”；matchwith意為“與……相配，與……一致”；

subjectto意為“使服從，使遭受”；proceedwith意為“繼續做……”。

句意：對事故原因進行全面調查會導致標準改善和操作新程序的產生。

8.單選題

Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.

問題1選項

A.dismiss

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.distract

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項dismiss“解散，解雇，開除”，B項dispatch“派遣，發送，迅速處理”，C項disperse“分散，使散開”，D項distract“轉移，分心”。由beabsorbedin（全神貫注于）和so…that…（如此……以至于……）可知，D項符合。句意：她全神貫注地讀書，喧鬧聲不能使她分心。因此，該題選擇D項。

9.單選題

Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim.andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“life”or“reality”，hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashedemotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecarriesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.

Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory一wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics:FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.

Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn'tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen".ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasaharmonioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisimmoral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures,Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurchfromitspathwhenyouseesomethinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.

1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Theauthorstillclearlyremembersthewarbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor'sfeelingsaboutthewar?

4.Theauthorthinksthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-oldsbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.

B.Timeislikeariver.

C.Emotionsarepowerful.

D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.

問題2選項

A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.

B.itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.

C.therewasnotmuchtobuy

D.thewarwouldneverend.

問題3選項

A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.

B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.

C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.

D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.

問題4選項

A.adultswouldliketobeyoung

B.sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings

C.sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers

D.theywillbefightingsoonforadults.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段第一句“Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.每個人都有屬于自己的歷史時刻。”后文提到了一場戰爭，因為在該戰爭中有屬于作者的歷史時刻。答案D

第2題:細節事實題。由第二段“Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory—wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.對我來說，四年的歷史時刻是戰爭。對我來說，戰爭過去和現在都是現實，我仍然本能地在戰爭的氛圍中生活和思考。”可知B項“戰爭對作者來說是個人經歷也是生活的一部分”正確，答案B。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據第二段第二句“Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.對于我來說，戰爭過去和現在都是真實的，我仍然本能地想起和生活在那種環境里。”A項“戰爭對于作者來說是真實的，盡管他沒有積極投身戰爭中。”符合題意。答案A

第4題:細節事實題。由第三段“Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.當你16歲時，成年人會對你有輕微的印象，甚至會被你嚇倒。他們預見到你們的軍事未來，最終解決了這個難題：為他們而戰。”可知成年人對16歲的孩子有印象是因為他們期待16歲的人能夠為他們而戰。故D項正確。答案D

10.單選題

Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

問題1選項

A.so

B.very

C.too

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】cannot...too...“無論怎樣……也不過分”“越……越好”。本句意為：“現有的科學知識并不像課本中所說的那么完善、肯定、不可改變，對于這一點科學家認識得越早越好。”其他選項均無此搭配。

11.填空題

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

【答案】1.xi

2.vii

3.v

4.i

5.ix

6.ii

7.x

【解析】1.根據文章第一段，“Thehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.”，人類文明史與我們學會如何運用水資源的歷史交織在一起。第一段最后列舉了羅馬帝國時期對水資源的控制，建立了發達的水利系統，給羅馬人提供了充足的水。可判斷出A段的主要內容為古代的供水系統。選項xi符合題意。

2.根據文章第三段，“morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday”，超過10億人缺乏干凈的飲用水，約25億人沒有足夠的衛生凈水設備。據估計，每天1萬至2萬名兒童死于與水有關的可預防疾病。可判斷出C段的主要內容為水和健康之間的關聯。選項vii符合題意。

3.根據文章第四段，“Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.”，超過20%的淡水魚物種現在受到威脅或瀕臨滅絕，因為大壩和取水破壞了它們賴以生存的自由流動的河流生態系統。本段還列舉了更多因為修建水利系統而帶來的環境影響，可判斷D段的主要內容為環境問題。選項v符合題意。

4.根據文章第五段，“Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities”，一些水資源專家現在要求以更明智的方式使用現有的基礎設施，而不是建設新的設施，下文繼續強調了專家們在觀念上和措施上提出的轉變。可判斷出E段的主要內容為科學家們呼吁對政策進行改變。選項i符合題意。

5.根據文章第六段，“Fortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted…inafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.”，出乎意料的是，對水的需求并沒有像一些人預測的那樣迅速增長。在世界上的一些地方，對水的需求實際上已經下降。可判斷出F段主要提到了人們對水的需求出現了令人驚訝的下降趨勢。選項ix符合題意。

6.根據文章第七段，“Whatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.”，如何解釋對水資源的需求下降（上一段已提及）的這一顯著的轉變？兩個因素：人們已經知道如何更有效地用水，并且正在重新考慮他們用水的優先次序。可判斷出G段主要對上一段提到的水資源需求下降的解釋。選項ii符合題意。

7.根據文章第八段，“Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.”，與過去相比，這些項目必須按照更高的標準建造，必須考慮到當地居民及其環境影響。可判斷出人們對水資源基礎設施的建設提出了更高的標準。選項x符合題意。

12.問答題

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】試題答案：C;what

【解析】考查關系代詞。that不能充當賓語從句中的主語，分析句子可知從句中缺少主語，因此將that改為what。

13.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

皮影戲（ShadowPlay）是中國民間廣為流傳的傀儡戲之一，兩千年前的西漢時期誕生在中國陜西，清代在河北盛極一時。皮影戲的人物道具用獸皮或紙板剪成，演員在一塊隔亮布后操縱道具進行表演。中國的不少地方戲曲劇種都是從皮影戲中派生而來。如今，中國皮影被世界各國的博物館收藏，還是中國政府與其他國家領導人相互往來時的饋贈佳品。

【答案】AsoneoftheearliestoperaformsandasortofwidespreadpuppetplayinChina,ShadowpuppetrywasborninShaanxi,China,duringtheWesternHanDynasty2,000yearsago,andflourishedinHebeiduringtheQingDynasty.Itscharactersandpropsaremadeofanimalskinsorpaperboardsandthestorywasperformedbyilluminatingtheseimageswiththehelpoflamplight.Whileperforming,theperformersmanipulatethecharactersbehindthewhitecurtain.ManylocaloperasinChinaarederivedfromshadowplay.Nowadays,Chineseshadowpuppetsarecollectedinmuseumsaroundtheworld,andareoftenpresentedasgiftsbytheChinesegovernmenttoleadersofothercountrieswhentheyinteractwitheachother.

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰能否