書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

五年前，如果一個(gè)中國(guó)大學(xué)生打算入伍當(dāng)兵的話，那可是需要很多勇氣的。可今天，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生選擇入伍當(dāng)兵，這可要?dú)w功于部隊(duì)對(duì)高級(jí)人才的要求，以及鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生入伍當(dāng)兵的新政策。

24歲的小周是金融專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生，也是一個(gè)將目光轉(zhuǎn)向部隊(duì)以求發(fā)展的年輕人。這個(gè)月初，他剛剛通過(guò)了征召入伍的體檢。“我希望通過(guò)部隊(duì)的嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)身健體，鍛煉心志。我不擔(dān)心入伍后我的事業(yè)發(fā)展，相反，我倒認(rèn)為入伍參軍本身就對(duì)事業(yè)發(fā)展很有好處。”

隨著現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和軍事計(jì)劃越來(lái)越需要復(fù)雜的技術(shù)和操縱能力，現(xiàn)代化部隊(duì)急需受過(guò)良好教育的人才來(lái)完全掌握復(fù)雜的裝備。據(jù)北京征兵辦公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大學(xué)生入伍相比，大學(xué)生入伍比率從0.1%提升到60%。學(xué)士以上的學(xué)位有助申請(qǐng)入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特別領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)，就更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。譬如，各國(guó)之間軍事交流中需要語(yǔ)言能力，語(yǔ)言專(zhuān)業(yè)的人就很有優(yōu)勢(shì)，電子通訊或電子學(xué)是未來(lái)軍事競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，對(duì)這類(lèi)人才的需求也很高。

為了吸引更多的高素質(zhì)人才入伍，有關(guān)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生征召的宣傳和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)計(jì)劃一直在進(jìn)行。事實(shí)上，這種入伍的經(jīng)歷很有意義，可以開(kāi)闊視野，也可以讓你有更多時(shí)間思考自己未來(lái)的事業(yè)，以及是否愿意投身部隊(duì)。

【答案】IfaChinesecollegestudentintendedtoenlistasasoldierinthearmy,ittookalotofcouragefiveyearsago.Buttoday,moreandmorecollegestudentschoosetobecomeanarmysoldierduetotheneedsofthearmiesforseniortalents,aswellasthenewpoliciesencouragingstudentstojointhearmy.

24-year-oldZhou,asfinancemajor,isalsoturninghisattentiontotheforceinordertoseekhisowndevelopment.Earlierthismonth,hejustpassedthephysicalexaminationofthecalltoarmy.“Ihopeastockybodyandastrongmindcanbegainedbythethoroughtrainingoftheforce.I’mnotbotheredaboutmycareerdevelopmentafterjoiningthearmy;onthecontrary,Ithinkitbenefitstomycareerdevelopment.”

Modernarmiesbadlyneedthewell-educatedpeopletocompletethecomplicatedequipment,asthemodernwarfareandthemilitaryplansincreasinglyneedcomplextechniqueandoperationalcapability.Itistheconscriptionofficestatedthatcomparingwithfirstlyenlistingrecruitsfromcollegestudentsin2001,theenrolleesfromuniversitygraduatesincreasefrom0.1%to60%inBeijing.Bachelororabovewillbeusefulforthesuccessfulapplicationoftherecruitment.Youwillhavemoreadvantagesifyoumaintaintheknowledgeinsomespecificfield.Forexample,thepersonoflanguagemajorhasabigadvantageduetotheneedofthelanguagecompetenceforthemilitaryexchanges.Thequalifiedpersonfromelectroniccommunicationsorelectronicswhichrepresentakeyfieldofthefuturemilitarycompetitionhasahighdemand.

Inordertoattractmorehigh-qualitytalentstojointhearmy,publicityandrewardsprogramhavebeenengaginginthecollegegraduatesbeingcalledup.Infact,thisismeaningful,whichbroadensyourhorizons,leavesmoretimeformappingoutyourwholefuturecareeraswellaswhetherornottobewillingtoengageintheforces.

2.單選題

Asuitcasewithshirts,trousers,andshoes（

）stolenfromthecar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.are

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。本句的主語(yǔ)asuitcase為單數(shù)，withshirts,trousers,andshoes作句子的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，排除A、C選項(xiàng)，此處表示被動(dòng)且沒(méi)有完成時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，因此選D。句意：一個(gè)裝有襯衫、褲子和鞋子的手提箱在車(chē)上被偷了。

3.單選題

Hedevelopeda（）attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhiscareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encouraged

B.disgusted

C.drastic

D.cynical

【答案】D

【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厭煩的；drastic激烈的；cynical憤世嫉俗的。句意：在經(jīng)歷了多年的事業(yè)挫折之后，他變得憤世嫉俗。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Gender-basedviolenceencompassesawiderangeofhumanrightsviolations,includingsexualabuseofchildren,rape,domesticviolence,sexualassaultandharassment,traffickingofwomenandgirlsandseveralharmfultraditionalpractices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.battering

B.trading

C.venerating

D.craving

【答案】B

【解析】句意：基于性別的暴力包括廣泛的侵犯人權(quán)行為，包括對(duì)兒童的性虐待、強(qiáng)奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和騷擾、……婦女和女童以及若干有害的傳統(tǒng)做法。A選項(xiàng)battering“重創(chuàng)；連續(xù)打擊”；B選項(xiàng)trading“交易；貿(mào)易”；C選項(xiàng)venerating“崇敬；尊敬”；D選項(xiàng)craving“渴望；熱望”。因?yàn)榫渲兴袉?wèn)題都屬于侵犯人權(quán)行為，因此B選項(xiàng)“販賣(mài)婦女”符合句意。

5.單選題

SnowbegantofallatroundaboutthebeginningoftheNewYearandcontinuedonandofffor______tendays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appropriately

B.exceedingly

C.approximately

D.apprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)appropriately“適當(dāng)?shù)兀线m地，相稱(chēng)地”，B項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其，極度地”，C項(xiàng)approximately“大約，近似地，近于”，D項(xiàng)apprehensively“擔(dān)心地”。由tendays“10天”可知，“大約地”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：大約在新年伊始就下起了雪，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)下了大約十天。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Televisionhasbecomequiteavigorousactivity.Sittingupisexhaustingsomostpeople（）downwhilewatchingtelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lay

B.lie

C.lying

D.lied

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞且意為“躺”,首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來(lái)又提到了由于近百年來(lái)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得制藥跟買(mǎi)藥的現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越普遍，這些都是說(shuō)明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長(zhǎng)的歷史了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因?yàn)榈眠@些小毛病的人都愿意在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自行買(mǎi)藥治療，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到科技進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，但是醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步又產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)不利的影響，一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過(guò)度服用藥物，二是久坐不動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，人們不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)、過(guò)度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對(duì)有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣，由于廣告的影響，人們?cè)敢馊ベI(mǎi)藥物自行治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購(gòu)買(mǎi)的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧⑹褂谜邥?huì)依賴(lài)這些藥物、使用者可能過(guò)去食用等等。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對(duì)自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會(huì)引發(fā)的問(wèn)題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Atthedrugstore,thepharmacistrefusedtogivemeanymedicinebecauseshecouldnotread（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.description

B.prescription

C.inscription

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:description“描繪，描述”；B:prescription“處方（醫(yī)生開(kāi)出的）”；C:inscription“鑄幣上的刻印文字，銘文，碑文”；D:subscription“統(tǒng)一，贊成，訂閱”。句意：在藥房，醫(yī)師拒絕賣(mài)給我任何的藥物，因?yàn)樗裏o(wú)法辨認(rèn)醫(yī)生的處方。由句意可知B為正確答案。

9.單選題

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyarehabituatedtothepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypicallydisregardhumanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.welcome

B.ignore

C.disrespect

D.avoid

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：因?yàn)楸谎芯康暮镒右呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了人類(lèi)的存在，它們通常不理會(huì)人類(lèi)的觀察，只顧自己的事。A選項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎”；B選項(xiàng)ignore“忽視，不理睬”；C選項(xiàng)disrespect“失禮，不敬”；D選項(xiàng)avoid“避免”。disregard意為“忽視，無(wú)視”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近，代入符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently（）pricestoencouragesales.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.review

C.damage

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)review“回顧；檢查；復(fù)審”；C選項(xiàng)damage“損害，毀壞”D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少；降低”。句意：當(dāng)百貨公司的商品供過(guò)于求時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常降價(jià)以促進(jìn)銷(xiāo)量。空格處動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是“價(jià)格”，根據(jù)后面的“以促進(jìn)銷(xiāo)量”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Thepost-WorldWarIIbaby___resultedina43%increaseinthenumberofteenagersinthe1960sand1970s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boost

B.boom

C.production

D.prosperity

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)boost“推動(dòng)；幫助；宣揚(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)boom“繁榮；（某種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、音樂(lè)等）突然風(fēng)靡的時(shí)期；吊桿；隆隆聲；水柵；帆桁”；C選項(xiàng)production“成果；產(chǎn)品；生產(chǎn)；作品”；D選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮，成功”。結(jié)合空格前baby，組成固定搭配babyboom“嬰兒潮；生育高峰”。句意：二戰(zhàn)后的嬰兒潮導(dǎo)致60年代和70年代的青少年人數(shù)增加了43%。B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

We’veseena(n)

(

)

trendofconsumerssayingtheywillspendmore,fromholidayshoppingto2012travelplans,andspendingplansforFeb.14arenoexception.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.insistent

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近形容詞辨析。consistent“前后一致的；堅(jiān)持的“；persistent”固執(zhí)的；堅(jiān)持的“；insistent”堅(jiān)持的；迫切的；顯著的“；resistant”反抗的；頑固的“。句意：從假日購(gòu)物到2012年的旅游計(jì)劃，我們已經(jīng)看到消費(fèi)者將增加消費(fèi)的……傾向，2月14日的消費(fèi)計(jì)劃也不例外。按照句意，A選項(xiàng)符合，指這種消費(fèi)傾向保持一致。

13.單選題

Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definite

B.intentional

C.delicate

D.interactive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。deliberate“故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的”；A選項(xiàng)definite“一定的；確切的”；B選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；C選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)interactive“交互式的；相互作用的”。句意：有時(shí)，信息是通過(guò)故意的、有意識(shí)的手勢(shì)來(lái)傳達(dá)的；其他時(shí)候，我們的身體在不知不覺(jué)中說(shuō)話。根據(jù)句中“withoutourevenknowing在我們甚至不知曉的情況下”可知deliberate在這里的意思應(yīng)為“故意的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Sherefusedtolettheinjurykeepherfrom（

）hergoalofbeingintheOlympics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detaining

B.attaining

C.screwing

D.sifting

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。detain“拘留；耽擱”；attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；screw“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，擰”；sift“篩選”。句意：她不會(huì)讓受傷阻止她實(shí)現(xiàn)參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Accordingtothereport,threesuspectsescapedfromthelocalpolicestationandarestill______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlarge

B.atlarge

C.byandlarge

D.largely

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inlarge“大規(guī)模的”，B項(xiàng)atlarge“詳盡的，未被捕的”，C項(xiàng)byandlarge“大體地”，D項(xiàng)largely“主要地，大部分”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞suspects（嫌疑人）和policestation（派出所）可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“未被捕”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)出句子的意思。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，三名嫌疑人從當(dāng)?shù)嘏沙鏊优埽壳叭栽谔印Ｒ虼耍擃}選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)（

）thathisgovernmentfell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensation“轟動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)upheaval“動(dòng)亂，劇變”；C選項(xiàng)withdrawal“撤退”；D選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)”。

句意：首相的新稅提案造成了如此大的動(dòng)蕩，以至于他的政府垮臺(tái)了。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

17.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThisnewnormaloftheChineseeconomywillcontinuetobringmoreopportunitiesoftrade,growth,investmentandcooperationforothercountriesinAsiaandbeyond.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportmorethanUS$10trillionofgoods,ChineseinvestmentabroadwillexceedUS$500billion,andmorethan500millionoutboundvisitswillbemadebyChinesetourists.Chinawillsticktoitsbasicstatepolicyofopeningup,improveitsinvestmentclimate,andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofinvestors.Ibelievethattogether,thepeopleofAsiancountriescoulddrivethistrainofAsia’sdevelopmenttotakeAsiatoanevenbrighterfuture.

【答案】中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，將繼續(xù)給包括亞洲國(guó)家在內(nèi)的世界各國(guó)提供更多市場(chǎng)、增長(zhǎng)、投資、合作機(jī)遇。未來(lái)5年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品將超過(guò)10萬(wàn)億美元，對(duì)外投資將超過(guò)5000億美元，出境旅游人數(shù)將超過(guò)5億人次。中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放的基本國(guó)策，不斷完善國(guó)內(nèi)投資環(huán)境，保護(hù)投資者合法權(quán)益。我相信，亞洲各國(guó)人民能夠共同推動(dòng)亞洲發(fā)展的這一列車(chē)，把亞洲帶向更加光明的未來(lái)。

18.單選題

Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalawofclassicalchemistrythatrelateschemicalreactionratetotemperature.AccordingtotheArrheniusequation,chemicalreactionsareincreasinglyunlikelytooccurastemperaturesapproachabsolutezero,andatabsolutezero(zerodegreesKelvin,orminus273degreesCelsius)reactionsstop.However,recentexperimentalevidencerevealsthatalthoughtheArrheniusequationisgenerallyaccurateindescribingthekindofchemicalreactionthatoccursatrelativelyhightemperatures,attemperaturesclosertozeroaquantum-mechanicaleffectknownastunnelingcomesintoplay;thiseffectaccountsforchemicalreactionsthatareforbiddenbytheprinciplesofclassicalchemistry.Specifically,entiremoleculescan‘"tunnel”throughthebarriersofrepulsiveforcesfromothermoleculesandchemicallyreacteventhoughthesemoleculesdonothavesufficientenergy,accordingtoclassicalchemistry,toovercometherepulsivebarrier.

Therateofanychemicalreaction,regardlessofthetemperatureatwhichittakesplace,usuallydependsonaveryimportantcharacteristicknownasitsactivationenergy.Anymoleculecanbeimaginedtoresideatthebottomofaso-calledpotentialwellofenergy.Achemicalreactioncorrespondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.Inclassicalchemistry,suchatransitioncanbeaccomplishedonlybygoingoverthepotentialbarrierbetweenthewells,theheightofwhichremainconstantandarecalledtheactivationenergyofthereaction.Intunneling,thereactingmoleculestunnelfromthebottomofonetothebottomofanotherwellwithouthavingtoriseoverthebarrierbetweenthetwowells.Recentlyresearchershavedevelopedtheconceptoftunnelingtemperature:thetemperaturebelowwhichtunnelingtransitionsgreatlyoutnumberArrheniustransitions,andclassicalmechanicsgiveswaytoitsquantumcounterpart.

Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperaturessuggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthedeepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreachonlyafewdegreesKelvin.Cosmicrays(high-energyprotonsandotherparticles)mighttriggerthesynthesisofsimplemolecules,suchasinterstellarformaldehyde,indarkcloudsofinterstellardust.Afterwardcomplexorganicmoleculeswouldbeformed,slowlybutsurely,bymeansoftunneling.AfterIofferedmyhypothesis,HoyleandWickramasinghearguedthatmoleculesofinterstellarformaldehydehaveindeedevolvedintostablepolysaccharidessuchascelluloseandstarch.Theirconclusions,althoughstronglydisputed,havegeneratedexcitementamonginvestigatorssuchasmyselfwhoareproposingthatthegalacticcloudsaretheplaceswherethepre-biologicalevolutionofcompoundsnecessarytolifeoccurred.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,classicalchemicalreactionsandtunnelingreactionsarealikeinwhichofthefollowingways?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoryofacoldpre-historyoflifecanbestbedescribedat（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthehypothesisofHoyleandWickramasingheasitispresentedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiatingadebateaboutthekindsofchemicalreactionsrequiredforthedevelopmentoflife

B.explaininghowcurrentresearchinchemistrymayberelatedtobroaderbiologicalconcerns

C.reconcilingopposingtheoriesaboutchemicalreactions

D.clarifyinginherentambiguitiesinthelawofclassicalchemistry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothtypesofreactions,reactingmoleculeshavetoriseoverthebarrierbetweenthewells.

B.Inneithertypeofreactiondoestherateofachemicalreactiondependonitsactivitiesenergy.

C.Inneithertypeofreactiondoestheheightofthebarrierbetweenthewellsremainconstant

D.Inbothtypesofreaction,atransitionismadefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.mildlypositive

C.verysupportive

D.pointedlycritical

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cosmicrayscandirectlysynthesizecomplexorganicmolecules.

B.Moleculesofinterstellarformaldehydecanevolveintocomplexorganicmolecules.

C.Thegalacticcloudsaretheplaceswherepre-biologicalevolutionofcompoundsnecessarytolifeoccurred.

D.Complexorganicmoleculescanbesynthesizedfromstablepolysaccharidessuchascelluloseandstarch.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorpresentsalawofclassicalchemistryinordertointroduceakindofchemicalreactionthatdiffersfromitandthenexplainstheessentialdifferencebetweenthetwo.

B.Theauthorcitesanapparentcontradictiontotheprinciplesofclassicalchemistryandthenexplainstheprocessofachemicalreactiontoshowthereisinfactnocontradiction.

C.Theauthorcitesabasicprincipleofclassicalchemistryandthendescribestheresearchfromwhichthatprinciplewasdeveloped.

D.Theauthorpresentsthefundamentalrulesofclassicalchemistryinordertointroduceanexplanationofaspecificchemicalreaction.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容及第一句Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperaturessuggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthedeepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreachonlyafewdegreesKelvin.這種極低溫隧道效應(yīng)表明了的關(guān)于史前生命的理論：在外太空能夠極度寒冷的條件下，在這里通常溫度只有幾K的情況下的相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子的形成。作者第一段講了超低溫下的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，第二段承接第一段，講了外太空溫度與生命有機(jī)體形成的相關(guān)問(wèn)題討論，所以A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)起一個(gè)關(guān)于生命形成所需的各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)種類(lèi)的討論”正確。B項(xiàng)意為“解釋當(dāng)前的化學(xué)研究是如何與更廣泛的生物學(xué)問(wèn)題相關(guān)聯(lián)”；C項(xiàng)意為“協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)于化學(xué)反應(yīng)的反對(duì)理論”；D項(xiàng)意為“澄清經(jīng)典化學(xué)在法律上的含糊不清”不符合，排除。

2.題目問(wèn)道經(jīng)典化學(xué)反應(yīng)和隧道效應(yīng)在哪方面相似。由文章第二段的內(nèi)容及第三句Achemicalreactioncorrespondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.—個(gè)化學(xué)反應(yīng)與化學(xué)分子從一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部到另一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部所產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)變有關(guān)，可知應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)“在兩種反應(yīng)種類(lèi)中，從一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部到另一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部所產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)換”正確。

3.根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperaturessuggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthedeepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreachonlyafewdegreesKelvin.這種極低溫隧道效應(yīng)表明了我的關(guān)于史前生命的假設(shè)：在外太空能夠極度寒冷的條件下，在這里通常溫度只有幾K的情況下的相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子的形成。說(shuō)明作者對(duì)于這個(gè)寒冷的史前生命的理論是有積極態(tài)度的，但并沒(méi)有完全支持，B選項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)積極的”正確，C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)太絕對(duì)。

4.題目問(wèn)道下列哪項(xiàng)能最好地描述霍伊爾和Wickramasinghe的猜想。通過(guò)最后一段的闡述，尤其是Cosmicrays（high-energyprotonsandotherparticles）mighttriggerthesynthesisofsimplemolecules,suchasinterstellarformaldehyde,indarkcloudsofinterstellardust.宇宙射線（高能質(zhì)子和其他粒子）可能引發(fā)合成簡(jiǎn)單的分子，如星際甲醛，在烏云的星際塵埃。以及moleculesofinterstellarformaldehydehaveindeedevolvedintostablepolysaccharidessuchascelluloseandstarch星際分子甲酸確實(shí)演變成穩(wěn)定的纖維素和淀粉等多糖確定B選項(xiàng)“星際分子甲醛可以進(jìn)化成復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子”正確。

5.下列哪一項(xiàng)最能描述文章前兩段的結(jié)構(gòu)?A項(xiàng)意為“作者提出了一種經(jīng)典化學(xué)法以介紹一種不同于它的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，然后解釋了兩者之間的本質(zhì)區(qū)別”；B項(xiàng)意為“作者引用了一個(gè)明顯矛盾的經(jīng)典化學(xué)原則，，然后解釋化學(xué)反應(yīng)的過(guò)程實(shí)際上是沒(méi)有矛盾”；C項(xiàng)意為“作者引用了經(jīng)典的化學(xué)基本原理，然后描述了研究開(kāi)發(fā)了這一原則”；D項(xiàng)意為“作者介紹了經(jīng)典化學(xué)的基本規(guī)則是為了介紹特定化學(xué)反應(yīng)的一個(gè)解釋。”根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)前半句為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為we.采取……路線通常用take…route.故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：由于我們不趕時(shí)間，所以選了一條長(zhǎng)的，風(fēng)景好的路線。

20.單選題

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake兇吉難卜；選項(xiàng)A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：這家公司瀕臨破產(chǎn)，成千上萬(wàn)的工作崗位岌岌可危。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.單選題

Althoughthereareoccasionaloutbreaksofgunfire,wecanreportthattherebellionhasinthemainbeen（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canceled

B.destroyed

C.suppressed

D.restrained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然偶爾會(huì)爆發(fā)槍聲，但我們可以報(bào)道，叛亂基本上已被鎮(zhèn)壓。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。cancel取消;刪去；destroy破壞;消滅;毀壞;suppress抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；restrain抑制；約束。該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是therebellion(這場(chǎng)叛亂)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock，wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof（

）.

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

（

）.

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

（

）.

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)