書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-佛山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Any（

）futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reflexive“反身的；反射性的”；B選項(xiàng)viable“可行的；能養(yǎng)活的”；C選項(xiàng)familial“家族的；家庭的；遺傳的”；D選項(xiàng)secular“世俗的；長(zhǎng)期的；不朽的”句意：任何……的未來的宗教都要重視現(xiàn)代自然和人文科學(xué)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)它的影響。由句意可知句中應(yīng)表示“長(zhǎng)久存在的宗教”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Membersshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle11,providestechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountryMemberstoensurethatthepreparationandapplicationoftechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresdonotcreateunnecessaryobstaclestotheexpansionanddiversificationofexportsfromdevelopingcountryMembers.

Inasuperficialsensethisnewgenrewasconcernedwithquestionofmethodandwasbasedonaseriesofreversals.Whereasearlierjurisprudentialliteraturehadacceptedtheciviliandefinitionoflawas“truephilosophy’’,ithadnotdevelopedasadistinctivedisciplineorscience.Forthebulkofthefifteenthendsixteenthcenturies,studiesofthephilosophyandmethodoflawweretofoundinsurprisinglydisparatedialoguesandtracts.

Thepowerofanagenttobindhisprincipalbyhiscontractsoractsinthelatter'sbehalfdependsupontheauthorityexpressly,impliedlyorostensiblyconferredupontheagentbytheprincipal,andthisdependsuponthecircumstancesofeachparticularcase.Generally,authoritytomakeaspecifiedcontractcontemplatesacontractintheusualformandwithusualtermsandtodootheractswhichareusuallyincidentalorreasonablynecessaryformakingthecontract.

【答案】依照條款第十一條，成員國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)為屬于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的成員提供技術(shù)援助，來確保技術(shù)規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和合格評(píng)定程序的準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)用不會(huì)為后者的出口擴(kuò)張和多樣化造成不必要的障礙。

在某種表面意義上，這種新流派關(guān)心方式問題且基于一系列的變更。然而，早期的法律文學(xué)將法律的平民定義視為“真正的哲學(xué)”，它并沒有發(fā)展成為一種獨(dú)特的學(xué)問或?qū)W科。在15世紀(jì)和16世紀(jì)的絕大部分時(shí)間里，對(duì)哲學(xué)和法律方法的研究在讓人驚訝的不同的對(duì)話和小冊(cè)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

代理人通過他（與當(dāng)事人簽訂）的臺(tái)同或代表當(dāng)事人的行為來讓后者受法律約束;該約束力依賴于委托人清楚、隱含或表面上地賦予代理人的權(quán)力，且也取決于每個(gè)特定實(shí)例的情況。通常，（委托人給代理人的）簽約指定合同的權(quán)力意味著后者可以簽訂具有常用條款的一般合同和做其它屬于簽訂合同而附帶的或合理需要的事情。

3.單選題

Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstaining

B.acquiescing

C.accommodating

D.articulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“abstaining”意為“（投票時(shí)）棄權(quán)；回避；自制”；B選項(xiàng)“acquiescing”意為“默許；勉強(qiáng)同意”；C選項(xiàng)“accommodating”意為“容納；使適應(yīng)；供應(yīng)；調(diào)解”；D選項(xiàng)“articulating”意為“清晰地發(fā)（音）；明確有力地表達(dá)；用關(guān)節(jié)連接；使相互連貫”。句意：如果你不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己默許或同意那些你不愿去滿足或感到不開心的要求，你可能想看看為什么你在更想說不的時(shí)候卻說“是”的原因。由題干可知，or是并列連詞表選擇，說明橫線處與agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默許，勉強(qiáng)同意的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Thisbook,______onlyappearedayearago,hasalreadygonethroughseveraleditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)這個(gè)句子可知主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格部分為定語(yǔ)從句；因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)books后面有逗號(hào)，所以這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且先行詞為物，故排除A、D選項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不符合先行詞books；故只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意：這本書一年前才面市，就已經(jīng)修訂好幾次了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。associate“使聯(lián)合，使發(fā)生聯(lián)系”；understand“理解，獲悉，推斷”；assimilate“吸收，使同化”；assess“評(píng)定，估價(jià)”。由句中“informationcontainedinthelecture講稿中包含的信息”可知C選項(xiàng)“吸收”正確。

6.單選題

Howcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategy.”Inotherwords,whatistheroleofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson’sjobnarrative,suggestiveorconsultative?

The“narrative”salesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitsforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesameandisalsowellsuitedtocompanieswhohavealargenumberofprospects(可能的主顧)onwhichtocall.

The“suggestive”approachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer’sneeds.Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanusetheinformationgleanedfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.

“Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.”saysMindyShawnee,acorporatesalestrainer,“thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.Mostcompanieswhouseanarrativestrategyshouldbeusingasuggestivestrategy.Justlikeyoucan’tdrinkredwinewitheverydish,youcan’thaveonesalesrecommendationtosuitallcustomers.”

Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany’ssalesstaffactas“consultants’’forthebuyer.Inthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.

“Goodsalesconsultants,”saysAlanGoldfarb,presidentofADPro,Inc.,“arethepeoplewhouseawiderangeofskillsincludingprobing,listening,analysis,andpersuasiveness.Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.It’ssomethingwelookforineveryemployeewehire.”

Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorsuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsarelookingmoreatintangiblessuchascreativityandanalyticalskillsandlessatlessateducationalbackgroundandtechnicalskills.

“Thenextcenturywillbeaboutmeetingindividualcustomerneeds.”saysGoldfarb,“thedaysofonesizefitsallareover.”

30.Mindycomparessalespeopletowinestewardsinthat（）.

31.Thebiggestchallengeforaconsultativesalespersonis（）.

32.AccordingtoAlan,creativityinsalespeople（）.

33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bothofthemhavetosellproducttotheircustomers

B.bothofthemusetheireloquenttonguetomakealiving

C.bothofthemneedtosuittheirservicetothecustomer’sneeds

D.bothofthemhavetomakerecommendationsallthetime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.face-to-facediscussion

B.tailor-madepresentation

C.appropriatepitchofvoice

D.largeamountofresearch

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.issomethingthatcan’tbetrainedortaught

B.issomethingthatcanbegainedthroughyearsofexperience

C.istheabilityto“thinkoutsidethebox”

D.istheabilitytopersuadecustomerseffectivelyandefficiently

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThePowerofPersuasion

B.NewTrendsintheSalesIndustry

C.SuitYourTacticstotheCustomers

D.TheImportanceofCreativityinSales

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】30.推理判斷題。定位在第四段Mindy說Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.（我告訴我們的銷售人員要像酒水專員一樣。）thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.（酒保首先檢查顧客點(diǎn)了什么菜，然后開始推薦最適合這道菜的酒。）由此可知銷售人員和酒水專員一樣得學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)客人的喜好再給出建議。因此C選項(xiàng)“兩者都需要讓其服務(wù)符合顧客的需求”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“兩者都必須把產(chǎn)品賣給客戶”，B選項(xiàng)“兩者都使用他們雄辯的口才謀生”，D選項(xiàng)“兩者總是需要提出建議”均不符合題意，故選C。

31.推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞consultativesalesperson定位到第五段thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.（銷售人員必須搜集大量客戶信息，可以通過市場(chǎng)研究和調(diào)查面對(duì)面討論方式完成。然后利用這些信息制定出特別符合客戶需求的詳細(xì)展示。）對(duì)于一位顧問式銷售人員來說，需要對(duì)客戶的信息了解透徹，從而制定出與客戶需求特別符合的展示是他們面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)“量身定做的展示”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)面討論”，D選項(xiàng)“大量的研究”。A，D選項(xiàng)是職責(zé)內(nèi)必做的事情。C選項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)囊粽{(diào)”，屬于說明式銷售人員的加分項(xiàng)，與顧問式銷售人員無(wú)關(guān)。故選B。

32.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章的第六段Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.（然而，最好的銷售顧問是那些能夠跳出框框思考，利用自己的創(chuàng)造力展示產(chǎn)品并完成銷售的人。其他的技能可以教。創(chuàng)造力是與生俱來的。）由此可知在Alan看來，一個(gè)銷售人員的創(chuàng)造力是與生俱來，不能作為技能一樣進(jìn)行教授的。因此A選項(xiàng)“是不能被訓(xùn)練或教導(dǎo)得來的”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“是可以通過多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得的”，C選項(xiàng)“是跳出框框思考的能力”，D選項(xiàng)“是有效和高效說服客戶的能力”均不符合題意，故選A。

33.主旨大意題。本文介紹了幾種銷售策略：說明式、建議式和顧問式銷售策略。先分別說明各種策略的特點(diǎn)和適用性，然后總結(jié)現(xiàn)在銷售的趨勢(shì)，即說明式和建議式向顧問式轉(zhuǎn)變。因此B選項(xiàng)“銷售行業(yè)的新趨勢(shì)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“說服力”，C選項(xiàng)“使你的策略適合顧客”，D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力在銷售中的重要性”均不符合題意，故選B。

7.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.

Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnnBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.ThelastwordinParagraphone“l(fā)iability”mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfortunet

B.instabilityt

C.disadvantaget

D.burdent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredt

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapablet

C.isofprimaryimportancetowoment

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquicklyt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.turnsouttobeanobstaclet

B.affectsmenandwomenaliket

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwoment

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowoment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.practicalt

B.prejudicedt

C.old-fashionedt

D.radicalt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractivet

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractivet

C.demandequalrightsforwoment

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第一段最后一個(gè)單詞‘liability’的意思是……”。第一段開頭便提到了美麗的優(yōu)勢(shì)，Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.（幾乎每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，有更好的婚姻和更體面的職業(yè)；個(gè)人顧問會(huì)給他們更好的求職建議；就連法官對(duì)有吸引力的被告也比較寬容），接著最后一句話用but轉(zhuǎn)折引出了下一句的內(nèi)容Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability，由此可知這句話應(yīng)該是“但在行政圈，美貌可能成為一種劣勢(shì)”，liability在文中表示“劣勢(shì)”，故C項(xiàng)“缺點(diǎn)，劣勢(shì)”正確。A項(xiàng)“不幸”、B項(xiàng)“不穩(wěn)定”和D項(xiàng)“負(fù)擔(dān)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中，吸引力……”。第三段第二句提到Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.（人們認(rèn)為，有魅力的女性高管不如沒有魅力的人正直；她們的成功不是由于能力，而是由于運(yùn)氣等因素），可知對(duì)于有魅力的女性來說，她們會(huì)更加加強(qiáng)對(duì)女性素質(zhì)的要求，故A項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)對(duì)女性品質(zhì)的要求”正確。B項(xiàng)“讓女人看起來更誠(chéng)實(shí)和有能力”和C項(xiàng)“對(duì)婦女來說是最重要的”與原文相反；D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常使婦女迅速成功”文章沒有提到。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“鮑曼的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)涉及到政治，吸引力……”。根據(jù)最后一段Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.（結(jié)果顯示，有魅力的男性徹底擊敗了沒有魅力的男性，但被評(píng)為最有魅力的女性總是得到的選票最少）可以推理，當(dāng)涉及到政治，吸引力對(duì)男性來說是一個(gè)好處，但是對(duì)女性來說是一個(gè)障礙，故D項(xiàng)“對(duì)女性來說，更多的是一個(gè)障礙而不是一個(gè)好處”正確。A項(xiàng)“變成一個(gè)障礙”，表述太絕對(duì)，因?yàn)橥庑魏每磳?duì)男性來說是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)男性和女性的影響是一樣的”和C項(xiàng)“對(duì)男人和女人的影響一樣小”內(nèi)容與原文不符。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，人們對(duì)美麗的看法經(jīng)常是……”。通讀全文可知，在工作中，有魅力的女性的成功經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是運(yùn)氣等因素，在政治中，漂亮的女性得不到選票，所以可以推斷出人們對(duì)美麗的看法是具有偏見的，故B項(xiàng)“偏見的”正確。A項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的”、C項(xiàng)“守舊的”和D項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的”都不符合。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者寫這篇文章的目的是……”。文章討論的是有吸引力對(duì)女性的不利影響，故A項(xiàng)“討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“給有吸引力的求職者建議”和C項(xiàng)“要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利”本文沒有探討；D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)外表的重要性”，本文只通過提到外表對(duì)男性的好處，與外表對(duì)女性的劣勢(shì)作對(duì)比，并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)外表的重要性，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

The（

）of“snake”issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.connotation

B.denomination

C.donation

D.denotation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。connotation“內(nèi)涵；含蓄”；denomination“面額；名稱；教派”；donation“捐款；捐贈(zèng)物；捐贈(zèng)”；denotation“符號(hào)；表示；意義”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一種有著長(zhǎng)而細(xì)的身體的無(wú)腿爬行動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項(xiàng)efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導(dǎo)師告訴本科生，通過多練習(xí)，可以_____一門外語(yǔ)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語(yǔ)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Astrophysicistsstudyingthestructureoftheuniversehavefoundnewevidenceforsomethingtheywerebeginningtosuspectwithincreasingconvictioninrecentyears—theexistenceofamysterious,repulsiveforcethatappearstobeacceleratingtheexpansionoftheuniverse.Astronomershavegiventhishypotheticalnewforceanintriguingname.Theyhavelabeleditthe“darkforce”,inalllikelihoodbecauseithasremainedhiddenfromobservationuntilnow.Forthatmatter,itstillremainshiddentodirectdetection.

Thattheuniversewasexpandinghasbeenknownformanydecades.But,withonenotableandfamouslyreluctantexception,itoccurredtonooneuntilmuchmorerecentlythattheexpansionmight,insteadofbeingslowedbythemutualgravitationalattractionofallthemattertheuniversecontains,actuallybeaccelerating.ThisunexpectedrevelationwasmadepossibleinpartbythereleaseofadetailedmapofthecosmologicalmicrowavebackgroundmadebyasatellitecalledtheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe.Researcherscomparedthatdatawiththepositionofmillionsofgalaxiesalreadychartedbyanotherproject—theongoingSloanDigitalSkySurvey,anambitiouslong-termefforttomapeverydetectableobjectinaverylargesectionofthesky.

Bycombiningandanalyzingthesetwoastronomicaldatabases,itwaspossibletodetectsomethingforwhichitisdifficulttodevise,anappropriatelydescriptiveanalogy,butwhichisbeingreferredtoasakingofshadowthrownbythedarkenergyagainstthebackdropofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation—theremnantsoftheenergyleftbytheBigBangthatsillpermeatetheuniverse.Evencallingitashadowisawoefullyinappropriateandactuallyquitemisleadingdescriptionbecausewhatastronomersaredetectingisinfactmoreluminousthanitssurroundings.

Theavailabilityofthetwodatabasesallowedcomparisonoftheenergyofphotonsthatpassedthroughregionsofspacethatwerecrowdedwithgalaxieswith,thatofphotonsthatencounteredmostlyemptyspaceontheir-journeytowardearth.Hencethisnewevidenceisderivedfromthephysicalprocessesthatactonlightparticles—photons—astheytravelthroughgalaxies.Contrarytowhatwouldbeexpectedintheabsenceofsomekindofrepulsiveforce,thestudyrevealedthattheradiationactuallygainsenergyasitpassesthroughthegravitationalfieldsofgalaxies.Withouttherepulsiveordarkforcetoreenergizetheradiation,itshouldemergefromthegalaxieswithessentiallythesameamountofenergyitenteredwith;havingbeenenergizedwhilemovingtowardthegalaxyandde-energizedbyanequalamountwhilemovingaway.

Inthepresenceoftherepulsiveforcethegalaxyisactuallyinflatedduringtheverylongperiodittakesforaphotontopassthroughit.Asthegalaxybecomeslessdense,itsgravityaffectsthephotontoalesserandlesserdegree.Expressedanotherway,itcanbesaidthatthegravitationalslopetheparticleclimbsuponitswayoutisn’tquiteassteepastheoneitdescendedonitswayin.Theresultisthatthelightparticlehasmarginallymoreenergywhenitleaves.[A]Thedifferenceisminute;onlyaboutonepartinamillion.[B]Researchershadtoscrutinizeahugedatasettodetectit.Theyhadtoexaminephotonstraversingmillionsofgalaxiestohavearealisticchanceofsuccess.[C]Butsucceed,theydid.[D]ThiswasmadepossiblebysheerdiligenceandbytheenormousscopeoftheinformationgatheredbytheSloanSkySurvey.

Whileitistruethatthecontentionsomethingisdrivingtheuniverseapart,hasbeengainingcredibilityonlysinceastronomersbeganmakingthemeasurementsthatfirstindicatedtheexpansionoftheuniversewasspeedingup,itshouldnotbeconcludedfromthisthattheconceptisanewone.NolessavisionarythanAlbertEinsteintheorizedaboutaforcethatwouldaddenergytotheexpansionoftheuniverse;aforcewhichhereferredtoasthecosmologicalconstant.Buttohimitwasnothingmorethanamathematicalconstructhewasforcedtoincludeinhisequationsoutofnecessity.Itwasnotanideaheeverenthusiasticallyembracedorbelievedhadanyparallelinthephysicalworld.Infact,hefrequentlyreferredtoitashisgreatestmistake.Now,itseemsthegreattheoreticianmighthavebeenrightevenwhenhewasmostconvincedhewaswrong.

22.Thewordconvictioninthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyparagraph1ofthepassage?

24.Accordingtothepassage,whathadastronomersthoughtuntilrecently?

25.Thewordrevelationinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

26.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

27.Thewordluminousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbetrueiftherepulsiveforcedidnotexist?

29.Accordingtothepassage,whywasinformationfromtheSloanSkySurveysoimportant?

30.Whichofthefollowingdescribesthephotonstheresearchersobserved?

31.Thewordtraversinginthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

32.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Nevertheless,itisjustbarelydetectable,albeitonlywithtremendouseffort.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,C,orD)?

33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutEinstein?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faith

B.skepticism

C.controversy

D.doubt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Astronomershavenewinstrumentsthatcandetectthedarkforce.

B.Astronomershavetoinfertheexistenceofthedarkforce.

C.Astronomersnowunderstandwhatthedarkforceis.

D.Astronomersarestilldividedonthequestionoftheexistenceofthedarkforce.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theuniversewascontracting.

B.Thesizeoftheuniversewasconstant.

C.Theexpansionoftheuniversewasdecelerating.

D.Theuniversealternatelyexpandedandcontracted.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.compromise

C.referral

D.discovery

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisdifficulttofindananalogythatcandescribethedarkenergyfoundbycombingthetwodatabases—energythatwasleftbehindbytheBigBang—buttheclosestwecancomeistocallitasortofshadowagainstthebackgroundofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation.

B.Itwasonlythroughtheintegrationofthetwosetsofinformationthatthedarkenergy—somethingthatisverydifficulttodescribeadequatelythroughanalogy—couldbeseenasashadowoverlayingthecosmicbackgroundradiationwhichisleftoverfromtheBigBangandisseeneverywhereintheuniverse.

C.Darkenergyisnotsomethingthatiseasilydescribedbyanalogy,butwhenthetwoastronomicaldatasetswerecombineditappearedtobeverymuchliketheshadowofthecosmicbackgroundradiationleftbytheBigBang,andwhichisvisiblethroughouttheuniverse.

D.Byputtingbothdatabasestogether,astronomerswereabletocomeupwithananalogytodescribethedarkenergy,whichisactuallysimilartoashadowseeagainstthecosmicbackgroundradiationremainingfromtheBigBangthatstillfillstheuniverse.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.radiant

B.obscured

C.dispersed

D.concentric

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Galaxieswouldbeinflatingasphotonspassedthroughthem.

B.Photonswouldbeunabletopassallthewaythroughgalaxies.

C.Thenetenergychangeofaphotonpassingthroughagalaxywouldbezero.

D.Photonspassingthroughgalaxieswouldlosetoomuchenergytobedetectable.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Itwassensitiveenoughtoshowweakenedphotons.

B.Itprovidedahugesamplingofgalaxies.

C.Itshowedgalaxiesthatwereextremelydistant.

D.Itwasgatheredoveralongperiodoftime.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Thereweremorethanhadbeenexpected.

B.Manyofthemwereblockedbythegalaxies.

C.Theyhadmoreenergythanhadbeenexpected.

D.Theydidnotinteractwiththegalaxiestheypassedthrough.

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.illuminating

B.heating

C.energizing

D.crossing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasunabletogetotherscientiststoacceptthattherepulsiveforceexist.

B.Hecouldnotacceptthepossibilityofarepulsiveforce.

C.Hisideasledtothediscoveryoftherepulsiveforce.

D.Theexistenceoftherepulsiveforceputsthevalidityofhistheoriesindoubt.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:C

【解析】22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“conviction”可以定位到文章第一段第一句Astrophysicistsstudyingthestructureoftheuniversehavefoundnewevidenceforsomethingtheywerebeginningtosuspectwithincreasingconvictioninrecentyears—theexistenceofamysterious,repulsiveforcethatappearstobeacceleratingtheexpansionoftheuniverse.（研究宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)的天體物理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)，證明了他們近年來開始越來越確信的一些事情——一種神秘的、排斥力的存在，似乎正在加速宇宙的膨脹。），說明“conviction”在文中指的是“確信、相信”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“信念”正確。B選項(xiàng)“懷疑主義”，C選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論”，D選項(xiàng)“疑惑”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Theyhavelabeleditthe“darkforce”,inalllikelihoodbecauseithasremainedhiddenfromobservationuntilnow.Forthatmatter,itstillremainshiddentodirectdetection.（他們將其稱為“暗力”，很可能是因?yàn)槠駷橹顾恢蔽幢话l(fā)現(xiàn)。就此而言，它仍然是隱藏的，無(wú)法直接檢測(cè)。），說明暗力不能直接被觀測(cè)到，而是由天文學(xué)家通過其他證據(jù)推斷出來的。因此B選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家必須推斷出暗力的存在”正確。A選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家有新的儀器可以探測(cè)暗力”，C選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家現(xiàn)在明白了暗力是什么”，D選項(xiàng)“天文學(xué)家對(duì)暗力的存在問題仍有分歧”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句itoccurredtonooneuntilmuchmorerecentlythattheexpansionmight,insteadofbeingslowedbythemutualgravitationalattractionofallthemattertheuniversecontains,actuallybeaccelerating.（直到最近才有人意識(shí)到，膨脹可能是在加速，而不是被宇宙所包含的所有物質(zhì)的相互引力所吸引而減慢。），說明在這之前天文學(xué)家還在認(rèn)為宇宙膨脹是減速的。因此C選項(xiàng)“宇宙的膨脹是減速的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“宇宙正在收縮”，B選項(xiàng)“宇宙的大小是恒定的”，D選項(xiàng)“宇宙交替地膨脹和收縮”均不符合原文的表述，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

25.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“revelation”可以定位到文章第二段第三句ThisunexpectedrevelationwasmadepossibleinpartbythereleaseofadetailedmapofthecosmologicalmicrowavebackgroundmadebyasatellitecalledtheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe.（這個(gè)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)在某種程度上是由于威爾金森微波各向異性探測(cè)器衛(wèi)星繪制的宇宙微波背景詳細(xì)地圖的發(fā)布。），說明“revelation”在文中是指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“辯論”，B選項(xiàng)“妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)“介紹”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Bycombiningandanalyzingthesetwoastronomicaldatabases,itwaspossibletodetectsomethingforwhichitisdifficulttodevise,anappropriatelydescriptiveanalogy,butwhichisbeingreferredtoasakingofshadowthrownbythedarkenergyagainstthebackdropofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation—theremnantsoftheenergyleftbytheBigBangthatsillpermeatetheuniverse.（通過結(jié)合和分析這兩個(gè)天文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，我們有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些難以設(shè)計(jì)的東西，一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)拿枋鲂灶惐龋撬徽J(rèn)為是暗能量在宇宙微波輻射的背景下投射出的陰影之王——宇宙大爆炸留下的殘余能量彌漫在宇宙中。），說明很難用恰當(dāng)?shù)念惐葋砻枋霭的芰浚徽J(rèn)為是在宇宙微波輻射的背景下投射出的陰影，這種能量彌漫在宇宙中。因此C選項(xiàng)“暗能量不是一個(gè)容易用類比來描述的東西，但是當(dāng)兩個(gè)天文數(shù)據(jù)集結(jié)合在一起時(shí)，它似乎非常像宇宙大爆炸留下的宇宙背景輻射的陰影，而且在整個(gè)宇宙中都是可見的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們很難找到一個(gè)類比來描述通過結(jié)合兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的暗能量——宇宙大爆炸遺留下來的能量——但我們能找到的最接近的類比是把它稱為宇宙微波輻射背景下的一種陰影”，由原文可知，宇宙大爆炸遺留下來的不是暗能量，而是宇宙微波輻射，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“只有通過整合這兩組信息，暗能量這一很難通過類比來充分描述的東西，才能被視為覆蓋著宇宙背景輻射的陰影，宇宙背景輻射是大爆炸遺留下來的，在宇宙中隨處可見。”，原文沒有說只有通過整合這兩組數(shù)據(jù)信息才能描述暗能量，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“通過把這兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)合在一起，天文學(xué)家能夠想出一個(gè)類比來描述暗能量，暗能量實(shí)際上類似于宇宙大爆炸遺留下來的宇宙背景輻射的陰影”，宇宙大爆炸遺留下來的宇宙背景輻射的陰影并不是一種類比，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)uminous”可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Evencallingitashadowisawoefullyinappropriateandactuallyquitemisleadingdescriptionbecausewhatastronomersaredetectingisinfactmoreluminousthanitssurroundings.（甚至稱它為陰影都是非常不恰當(dāng)?shù)模疫@種描述還相當(dāng)具有誤導(dǎo)性，因?yàn)樘煳膶W(xué)家探測(cè)到的東西實(shí)際上比它周圍的環(huán)境更明亮。），說明“l(fā)uminous”在文中指的是“明亮”的意思，和前文的“陰影”相對(duì)。因此A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光”正確。B選項(xiàng)“遮蔽”，C選項(xiàng)“分散”，D選項(xiàng)“同心”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

28.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Withouttherepulsiveordarkforcetoreenergizetheradiation,itshouldemergefromthegalaxieswithessentiallythesameamountofenergyitenteredwith;havingbeenenergizedwhilemovingtowardthegalaxyandde-energizedbyanequalamountwhilemovingaway.（如果沒有排斥力或暗力使輻射重新獲得能量，它從星系中出來時(shí)的能量與進(jìn)入時(shí)的能量基本相同；在向星系移動(dòng)時(shí)被賦予了能量，而在遠(yuǎn)離時(shí)則被減弱了同等的能量。），說明如果沒有排斥力，光子進(jìn)出星系時(shí)的能量就不會(huì)變化。因此C選項(xiàng)“光子通過星系時(shí)的凈能量變化將為零”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)光子通過星系時(shí)，星系會(huì)膨脹”，B選項(xiàng)“光子將無(wú)法全部通過星系”，D選項(xiàng)“通過星系的光子會(huì)失去太多的能量而無(wú)法被探測(cè)到”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

29.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一、三句Theyhadtoexaminephotonstraversingmillionsofgalaxiestohavearealisticchanceofsuccess…ThiswasmadepossiblebysheerdiligenceandbytheenormousscopeoftheinformationgatheredbytheSloanSkySurvey.（他們必須檢測(cè)穿越數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)星系的光子，以獲得實(shí)際的成功機(jī)會(huì)……這是由于斯隆數(shù)字巡天計(jì)劃所收集到的大量信息和純粹的勤奮才得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。），說明斯隆數(shù)字巡天計(jì)劃所收集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)星系的位置信息，提供了大量的樣本。因此B選項(xiàng)“提供了巨大的星系樣本”正確。A選項(xiàng)“足夠敏感，可以顯示出被削弱的光子”，C選項(xiàng)“顯示了極其遙遠(yuǎn)的星系”，D選項(xiàng)“是在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)收集的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Contrarytowhatwouldbeexpectedintheabsenceofsomekindofrepulsiveforce,thestudyrevealedthattheradiationactuallygainsenergyasitpassesthroughthegravitationalfieldsofgalax