1、Chapter OneGeography, People and Language 1ppt課件ContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIII2ppt課件I Geography1. Geographical Feature2. Climate3. Major Cities3ppt課件Map of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of Ireland

2、4ppt課件GeographyThe official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern IrelandNumerous smaller islandsTitle and Make up of the UK5ppt課件Location and territoryLocation of

3、the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.6ppt課件TopographyNorthern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wale

4、s is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highes

5、t point in UK7ppt課件Rivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThames8ppt課件Lake District9ppt課件Lake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat flo

6、ats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand

7、saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.10ppt課件Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couc

8、h I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.11ppt課件2. ClimateMain characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: Winter fog

9、Rainy daysInstability/changeability 12ppt課件3. Major Cities LondonThe River Thames the capital of England and of Great Britain the political center of the Commonwealth a major port one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers. 13ppt課件 Landmarks & Symbols of London The palace of Westminster

10、14ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of LondonWestminster AbbeyBig Ben15ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of LondonSt. Pauls Cathedral 16ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of London17ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of LondonTower Bridge Buckingham Palace18ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of LondonLondon Eye19ppt課件Major

11、 CitiesEdinburgh Capital of Scotlandadministrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotlandbeautiful scenery renowned architecture20ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of Holyrood21ppt課件Major CitiesCardiff Europes youngest capital cityhas been the capital c

12、ity of Wales for around 50 yearshome to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration has recently become one of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.22ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffCardiff City Hall23ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiff Castle 24

13、ppt課件Major CitiesBelfast City Hall the second largest city capital of Northern Ireland an important historic city25ppt課件Landmarks & Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle26ppt課件 II People Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution:England: about 50 millionScotland:over 5 millionWales: around 3 milli

14、onNorthern Ireland: about 1.7million27ppt課件EthnicityThe majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people The Irish people were also Celtic in originimmigrants 28ppt課件Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups

15、of totalWhite British 85.7%White Irish 1.2%White (other) 5.3%Mixed race 1.2%Indian 1.8%Pakistani 1.3%Bengali 0.5%Other Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4%Black Caribbean 1.0%Black African 0.8% Black (others) 0.2%Chinese 0.4%Other 0.4%29ppt課件III The English Language1. Old English2. Middle English3. Modern Engli

16、sh 4. Standard English30ppt課件1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and Greek words Danish words31ppt課件BeowulfThe most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,h

17、u a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum32ppt課件2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the official language, and English became the Language of lower class big pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black Death33

18、ppt課件The Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer34ppt課件3. Modern English (15th )The printing pressb

19、rought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwe

20、alth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languages35ppt課件Othelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought