1、慣用詞匯以及表示方式翻譯第1頁概 要一、概述二、“otherwise”以及對應(yīng)搭配翻譯三、 “subject to ” 翻譯四、“for the purposes of-” 翻譯五、“provided that-”翻譯六、“where”翻譯七、相關(guān)英漢法律法規(guī)名稱互譯第2頁概 述示例1: For the purposes of subsection (3), permission shall be in the form of a thirty (30) business day prior notice in writing.譯文1: 為第三款目標(biāo),許可必須提前30個(gè)營業(yè)日以書面通知形式做出

2、。譯文2: 就第3款而言，必須提前30營業(yè)日以書面通知形式做出許可。示例2: 借款人未償還本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下任何一筆貸款，貸款人有權(quán)向借款人收取約定年利率150%罰息 。譯文1：If the Borrower does not repay any loan under this Agreement, the Lender has the right to charge the Borrower the penalty interest at a rate of 150% of the stipulated annual interest.譯文2: Where the Borrower fails to

3、 repay any loan under this Agreement, the Lender has the right to charge the Borrower the penalty interest at a rate of 150% of the stipulated annual interest.示例3: 本目錄上商品價(jià)格和規(guī)格以我方最終確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)。譯文1: The price and specification of the goods in this catalogue shall be determined by our final confirmation.譯文2:

4、The price and specification of the goods in this catalogue shall be subject to our final confirmation.第3頁概 述法律英語慣用句式或短語神秘與艱澀，原因在于：1. 有雖來自生活,卻”脫離生活”。如“for the purposes of ” (示例1), 在法律英語中,與詳細(xì)法律條款連用,就表示 “就-而言、基于-” 等含義。如 “where” (示例2), 常在漢英翻譯中用作 “”含義。2.有基本只限于法律領(lǐng)域,純屬 “法言法語”。示例4：The matters in dispute ari

5、sing from this Contract or in connection with performance hereof shall be referred to arbitration as hereinbefore defined.譯文：因協(xié)議產(chǎn)生或與協(xié)議推行相關(guān)爭議事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)按前所要求，提請仲裁。示例5：Unless( it is) otherwise arranged by and between Parties to this Contract, any Party must not by reference to any Contract terms exclude or r

6、estrict any liability of his breach hereof.譯文：除非協(xié)議各方另有安排，任何一方不得援引任何協(xié)議條款排除或限制其違約責(zé)任。第4頁概 述為何要?dú)w納總結(jié)慣用短語或句式？1. 符正當(dāng)律翻譯 “重復(fù)就是美”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（consistency and identity)。Henry Weihofen: “-Exactness often demands repeating the same term to express the same idea. Where that is true, never be afraid of using the same term

7、over and over again. Many more sentences are spoiled by trying to avoid repetition than by repetition.”目標(biāo)：保持術(shù)語習(xí)語相同句式譯文保持法律精度。2. 提升翻譯效率。第5頁二、“otherwise”以及對應(yīng)搭配翻譯“otherwise is used in Legal English in the way as follows:1、 置于由“UNLESS” 之后,普通譯為“除-另有-外”或“-另有-除外”。 示例6：Unless the law provides otherwise, the

8、 Seller has the obligation to guarantee that no third party shall claim rights against the Buyer over the target matter delivered subject to the Shipment Notice. 譯文：除法律另有要求外，出賣人就依照裝運(yùn)通知交付標(biāo)物，負(fù)有確保第三人不得向買受人主張任何權(quán)利義務(wù)(有義務(wù)確保第三人不得向買受人主張任何權(quán)利)。示例7：Unless this Contract prescribes otherwise, the manager of the p

9、ledged Goods shall not use or operate or permit such use or operation of said pledged Goods by a third party.譯文：除本協(xié)議另有要求外，質(zhì)押物管理人不得使用或操作，或允許第三方使用或操作質(zhì)押物。示例8：Unless otherwise stipulated, the attorney, as the perennial consultant appointed by Party B to represent Party A, has no obligation to render any

10、 legal service to employees of Party A.譯文：除非另有約定，作為乙方為甲方指派法律顧問，律師無義務(wù)為甲方職員提供法律服務(wù)。示例9： Unless otherwise agreed in writing by and between Parties hereto, Party A shall pay Party B the above charges for attorneys legal service in a lump sum within thirty days commencing from the date on which this Contr

11、act comes into effect. 譯文：除雙方另有書面協(xié)議外，甲方應(yīng)在協(xié)議生效之日起30天內(nèi)向乙方一次性支付前述律師費(fèi)。 此種結(jié)構(gòu)普通為：“Unless + law +states/provides +otherwise” or “Unless + contract +stipulates/arranges +otherwise.或者為：” Unless + otherwise + stated/provided (+by-)” 第6頁二、“otherwise”以及對應(yīng)搭配翻譯2.置于與“OR”之后，譯作“其它-” ，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容視“OR”之前結(jié)構(gòu)而定。 示例10：If two or

12、more persons are defendants to a claim for compensation, as partners or otherwise(=other identity), a process may be served on any of them .譯文：假如有2名或以上人以合作人或者其它身份作為賠償請求被告，法律程序文書可送達(dá)其中任何一人 。 示例11：任何人使用恐嚇、慫恿或以其它伎倆誘使證人或一方當(dāng)事人不作證，即屬違法。譯文：Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise (=other means) in

13、duces a witness or a party not to give evidence commits an offence.第7頁三、“subject to”翻譯“subject to” used in Legal English in the way as follows:1. 與法律文件名稱或法條連用,通常譯作“按照-、依據(jù)-、受-限制/約束、見-”等。示例11：Subject to this section ,an repossession of the Pledged Property by the Party A from Party B shall be subject

14、to such conditions as are prescribed by the Pledge Agreement.譯文：依據(jù)本條要求，甲方從乙方收回質(zhì)押物須受質(zhì)押協(xié)議要求條件限制（或甲方應(yīng)依照質(zhì)押協(xié)議要求條件從乙方收回質(zhì)押物）。示例12：合營企業(yè)各方權(quán)利義務(wù)見本協(xié)議第8條要求。譯文： Rights and obligations of Parties to this Equity Joint Venture shall be subject to Art.8 hereof.2. 在法律英語其它場所，圍繞“取決于、受制于、受-約束” 基本意義，應(yīng)做靈活處理。示例13：貨物數(shù)量可由賣方選擇

15、作出5%上下浮動。 譯文1：Seller has the right to decide a variation of 5% plus or minus of Goods quantity. 譯文2：Quantity of Goods shall be subject to a variation of 5% plus or minus at Sellers option. 示例14：Subject to the other partys written consent, this contract period may be extended. 譯文：經(jīng)另一方書面同意，可延長本協(xié)議期限。第8

16、頁四、 “for the purposes of-” 翻譯1、翻譯為“為-目標(biāo)” （漢譯英法律文本中多見）示例15:有以下情形之一，以非法占有為目標(biāo)，在簽署、推行協(xié)議過程中，騙取對方財(cái)物，-，處三年以下有期徒刑。.譯文: Whoever, for the purpose of illegal possession, uses one of the following means during signing or performing a contract to obtain property and goods of the opposite party by fraud, -, is to

17、 be sentenced to no more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment.示例16:為提升合營企業(yè)技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，擴(kuò)大合營企業(yè)產(chǎn)品在中國以及海外市場銷售，進(jìn)而為合營企業(yè)各方創(chuàng)造最正確利潤,甲乙雙方特簽立本協(xié)議。 譯文:This Contract is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B for the purposes of improving this JVs technological level and product quality, pro

18、moting this JVs products in Chinese market and overseas market , and creating the optimum profits for Parties to this JV. 注意，這種使用方法不妥，要表示“為目標(biāo)” 或“出于目標(biāo)” 而使用“for the purpose (s) of -”比較少見，普通使用“for”或者“in order to”。示例17: This contract is entered into by and between Party A and Party B as follows in order

19、 to arrange the matters in respect of the loan provided by Party A to Party B for the purchase of the target goods.譯文: 為安排相關(guān)甲方向乙方提供購置標(biāo)貨物貸款事宜，甲乙雙方訂立協(xié)議以下。小結(jié)：之所以提議用“for”或者“in order to”，是因?yàn)椤癴or the purpose (s) -” 在英語法律文本中使用方法通常不作“為-目標(biāo)”講。 第9頁四、 “for the purposes of-” 翻譯2.譯為“就-而言”，或“為了施行或?qū)嵤?” 示例18: For th

20、e purposes of subsection 8.5 hereof, permission shall be in the form of a thirty (30) business day prior notice in writing - .譯文:就本協(xié)議第8.5款而言，許可必須提前30天以書面通知形式做出-。示例19：For the purpose of this law, “invention creation” means inventions ,utility models and designs. (Patent Act of PRC, Art.2) 譯文:就本法而言/為施

21、行本法，創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)造指創(chuàng)造、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。 小結(jié)：該短語恰當(dāng)譯法是“就-而言”，或“為施行-（法律條款名），尤其在其后跟詳細(xì)法規(guī)編號時(shí)，最好可譯為“就該（法規(guī)編號，比如第幾條、款、章）而言”。 第10頁五、“provided that”翻譯1.普通使用方法，譯作“在-條件下、假如”，等同于“if”.示例20:Provided that there is no opposition in writing by both Parties hereto at the expiration of its term, this Contract shall be renewed automatical

22、ly for one year. 譯文:如協(xié)議到期時(shí)雙方均未提出書面反對，則協(xié)議自動順延一年。示例21：如受要約人超出承諾期限做出承諾，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人該承諾有效外，為新要約。譯文:Provided that the offeree makes an acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, it shall constitute a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is effective. 第11頁五、“

23、provided that”翻譯2. 放在某主句之后，以分號與主句隔開，表示與之前陳說相反“例外”，譯成“但，不過” 。法律英語中稱為“但書” 。示例22：The interest rate applicable to each loan hereunder shall be the interest rate stipulated herein; provided that we have the right, in the manner as we deem appropriate, to adjust it from to time to the extent permitted by

24、the applicable laws or regulations. 譯文：該協(xié)議項(xiàng)下每一筆貸款利率以該協(xié)議約定利率為準(zhǔn)，但我方有權(quán)在法律法規(guī)允許范圍內(nèi)，以本方認(rèn)為適當(dāng)方式不時(shí)調(diào)整利率。示例23：被許可方無權(quán)對被許可商標(biāo)侵權(quán)行為提起訴訟，但許可方可采取訴訟或其它方式阻止實(shí)際發(fā)生該類侵權(quán)行為。譯文： The Licensee has no right to start any action against the infringement on the Licensed Trademark ; provided that the Licensor may prosecute or otherw

25、ise to prevent such actual infringement. 小結(jié)：“provided that ” 作為但書使用場所遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于其作為 “假如”講時(shí)使用場所。作為“假如”來講，正式詞很多，有“where” ，“in the event that ” ，“in case that”，“in case of” 等，而取代“but”含義，在法律英語中主要只有 “provided that” ，作為“但書”講時(shí)，“provided that ”被大量使用。 第12頁六. “where”翻譯1.在法律英語語篇當(dāng)中， “where”經(jīng)常表示“假如” 之義,引導(dǎo)條件從句，正式程度高于 “i

26、f ”，英譯漢時(shí)，通常做“凡-”或“-”講，而漢譯英時(shí)，表示“-”，“如-”意義時(shí)，可考慮使用這個(gè)詞，也能夠使用“in case that-, in the event that-“等表示方式。示例24: Where the Borrower does not repay any loan under this Agreement, the Lender has the right to charge the penalty interest from the Borrower at a rate of 150% of the stipulated annual Interest Rate.

27、譯文:借款人未償還本協(xié)議下任何一筆貸款，貸款人有權(quán)向借款人收取約定年利率150%罰息。 示例25:有以下情形之一，本協(xié)議應(yīng)解除：(a) 甲方或乙方提前30天書面通知解除；(b) 丙方未完全推行協(xié)議約定義務(wù)，經(jīng)甲方或乙方合理催告后仍拒不推行。譯文:In any of the following circumstances, this Agreement may be rescinded(a). Where Party A or Party B issues a thirty (30) day prior written notice to rescind this Agreement;(b).

28、Where Party C fails to fulfill its obligations in full hereunder and still refuses to fulfill aforesaid obligations after being reasonably urged by Party A or Party B.第13頁表示“”其它選擇在漢語法律文本中 ,“-”結(jié)構(gòu)表示條件,可能在其中出現(xiàn)滿足此條件行為者,也可能省略：1.出現(xiàn)滿足此條件行為者。示例26: Where any Party hereto fails to redress its breach within th

29、irty days commencing from receiving the other Partys written notice requiring so, the non-breaching Party has right to rescind this Contract and claim for damages.譯文:任何一方在收到對方要求其糾正違約行為書面通知之日起30日內(nèi)未予糾正,非違約方有權(quán)解除協(xié)議并要求取得損害賠償.2. 未出現(xiàn)滿足此條件行為者,只強(qiáng)調(diào)行為本身。示例27:符合以下條件，可參加執(zhí)業(yè)律師資格考試。譯文: Whoever /Anyone who meets the

30、 following requirements may take the examination for the qualification of a licensed lawyer.示例28: 有以下情形之一，不得注冊為執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師-。譯文: No one who is found in one of the following circumstances shall be registered as a licensed doctor-.第14頁七.相關(guān)英漢法律法規(guī)名稱翻譯法規(guī)名稱 參考英譯法 act :立法機(jī)關(guān)制訂之法（詳細(xì)），law（抽象）條例 ordinance:指地方立法機(jī)構(gòu)頒布地方性

31、法規(guī); regulation:行政機(jī)關(guān)制訂頒布條例、規(guī)則。要求 provisions方法 measures實(shí)施細(xì)則 implementing rules暫行要求 interim provisions試行方法 trial measures通知 notice/circular意見 opinions 示例29：“關(guān)于西部大開發(fā)若干政策方法實(shí)施意見”譯文：“Opinions on the Implementation of Certain Policies for the Development of the Western Region”示例30：“中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法”譯文：“ Law

32、 of the Peoples Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture”示例31: “反傾銷條例”譯文： “Anti-dumping Regulations”第15頁課后翻譯作業(yè)Please translate the following sentences into Chinese.(1) Unless otherwise stated herein, Buyer shall be deemed to have waived his right to assert any claim if Buyer fails to n

33、otify Seller of full details of the defective Goods within the period specified above.參考譯文：除非合同另有規(guī)定，若買方在上述規(guī)定時(shí)限內(nèi)未能通知賣方有關(guān)瑕疵產(chǎn)品完整細(xì)節(jié)，則視其放棄提出索賠權(quán)利。 (2) Any plan for profit distribution of JV shall be subject to the approval of the board of directors of JV. 參考譯文：合營企業(yè)任何利潤分配方案均需合營企業(yè)董事會批準(zhǔn)。(3) The party in breach shall assume the liability for breach by making monetary compensation or otherwise. 參考譯文：違約方應(yīng)做出金錢賠償或以其他方式負(fù)擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。 (4) For the purposes of Clause 9.1 hereof, Goods refers to