1、主謂一致1、考綱解讀在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年 來(lái)，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近（遠(yuǎn)）一致 原則等三個(gè)方面。2、知識(shí)精講一）.語(yǔ)法一致原則只要確定句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，句子的主語(yǔ)意義復(fù)數(shù)，則 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。具體表現(xiàn)如下：.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí):謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.他父親正在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。To study English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。

2、Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太陽(yáng)底下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛有 害。What he said is very important for us all.他所說(shuō)的對(duì)我們都很重要。The children were in the classroom two hours ago.兩個(gè)小時(shí)前孩子們 在教室。注意:山what, who引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但 若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí);主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What I say is helpful to you.What I bought wer

3、e threeEnglish books.兩個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果是兩個(gè)概念，用復(fù)數(shù)形式； 如果是一個(gè)問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)方面，用單數(shù)形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空閑時(shí)間都去購(gòu)物和體育館鍛煉。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪兒和 什么時(shí)間開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起

4、早唾對(duì)我 們的健康有好處。.由連接詞and或both. and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù) 數(shù)形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是雙胞胎。Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 聽(tīng)到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃驚。注意點(diǎn)請(qǐng)參看下面的“邏輯意義一致原則”。. either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都看作單數(shù)。Each of us has a new book.我們

5、每人都有一本新書(shū)。Everything around us is matter.我們周圍每件事都是麻煩。注意：在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.這兩篇文章都很沒(méi)趣。若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后 面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.我們沒(méi)有人去過(guò)美國(guó)。.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, whic

6、h等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù) 應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力工作的朋 友中的一個(gè)。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我唯一努力 工作的朋友。.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指集體中的成員， 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, com

7、pany, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party 等。二）、邏輯意義一致原則二）、邏輯意義一致原則Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三樓。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班學(xué)生在選班長(zhǎng)的事 情上沒(méi)能達(dá)成一致。注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在尋找丟失的孩子。.由“a lot of/lots of/plent

8、y of/the rest of/the majority of+名 詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)十名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。The rest of the lecture is wonderful.講座剩余的部分很精彩。0% of the students in our class are girls.我們班 50%的學(xué)生是女生。注意：a number of “許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of 的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)

9、是number,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The number of unemployment has reached five million.失業(yè)人數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá) 到五百萬(wàn)。A number of workers have recently left the company.最近有很多工人辭 掉了工作。.若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單 數(shù)形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)到了。.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every, more than a (an), many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)

10、動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.每個(gè)學(xué)生和每位 老師都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.沒(méi)有哪個(gè)男孩或女孩喜歡它。.表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可 用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.桌子上剩下一個(gè)半蘋(píng) 果。. many a, more than one和a+名詞單數(shù)+ or two作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。many a的意思是“許多，m

11、ore than one的意思是“不止一個(gè)，a+名 詞單數(shù)+ or two的意思是“一個(gè)或兩個(gè)”，從意義上講，它們表示復(fù)數(shù)，但用作 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)卻習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.許多成功的店鋪 都非常樂(lè)意地付了房租。More than one person is involved in this.與此事有牽連的人不止一個(gè)。A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 兩個(gè)工人將被 派往國(guó)外去工作。. trousers, glasses, clothe

12、s, shoes等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如 果這些名詞前有a(the)pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡壞了。The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那雙鞋子是他的。.“定冠詞the +形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表 示某一個(gè)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The young are mostly ambitious.年輕人多半有雄心。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. Th

13、e injured was rushed to hospital.昨天路上發(fā)生了一起事故，一個(gè)人受傷了。傷者很快被送到醫(yī)院。注意：有個(gè)別的“the +形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)既表示單數(shù)意義，也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，若 用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)需視情況而定。如：the good指“好人”時(shí) 表復(fù)數(shù)意義，指“善”時(shí)表單數(shù)意義；the accused指一名被告時(shí)表單數(shù)意義，指 多名被告時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較：The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告無(wú)罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告無(wú)罪。（指多人）三