1、PAGE PAGE 15用心 愛心 專心Module 7 Unit4 Public transport新課標(biāo)單詞underground n. 地鐵 commonly adv. 一般地，通常地 distinction n. 聲譽(yù)，名聲，區(qū)別，差別 distant adj. 遠(yuǎn)的，遙遠(yuǎn)的historic adj. 有歷史意義的，歷史上著名的 vehicle n. 車輛，交通工具transport vt. & n. 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送，輸送，搬運(yùn)shuttle n. 短程往返運(yùn)行的公共汽車（或火車等）；梭，梭子；航天飛機(jī)beneath prep. & adv. 在之下 comparatively adv.

2、比較而言，相對(duì)地narrow adj. 窄的，狹窄的；狹隘的 middle n. 中間，中部advanced adj. 高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的 accelerate vt. 加速，促進(jìn) pace n. 步伐，速度inconvenient adj. 不方便的，不便利的 separately adv. 分別地，單獨(dú)地，各自地acquisition n. (尤指通過努力)取得，獲得；學(xué)到expansion n. 擴(kuò)充，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，發(fā)展 connection n. 連接；連接物；聯(lián)系；關(guān)系function vi. 起作用；工作，活動(dòng)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) anniversary n. 周年紀(jì)念；周年紀(jì)念日effectivel

3、y adv. 有效地 permit vt. & vi. 允許，準(zhǔn)許，許可 n. 許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證sightseeing n. 觀光，游覽 discount n. 折扣，打折 official n. 官員horrible adj. 可怕的，恐怖的；極其討厭的，讓人非常難受的，特別糟糕的increase n. 增加，增長 cycle vi. 騎自行車aim vi. 目的是，打算；瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)準(zhǔn) vt.將瞄準(zhǔn)，將指向 n.目標(biāo)，目的confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混亂；混淆 tire vt. 使厭倦，使厭煩；使疲勞annoy vt. 使惱怒，使生氣，使煩惱；打攪，干擾，騷擾undertak

4、e vt. 承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任；著手做，開始進(jìn)行，從事sacrifice vt. 犧牲，奉獻(xiàn) beyond prep. 在先之外，超出modest adj. 適度的，適中的，不過分的；謙虛的，謙讓的postpone vt. 推遲，延遲，使延期 speed vt. & vi. 加速 timetable n. 時(shí)間表departure n. 離開，啟程，出發(fā) repair n. 修理，修補(bǔ)punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的；守時(shí)的 reliable adj. 可靠的，可信賴的arise vi. 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起義extreme adj. 極端的，極度的 cause n. 原因

5、，起因；事業(yè)pedestrian n. 行人，步行者 lorry n. 卡車 signal vi. 發(fā)信號(hào)surrounding adj. 周圍的；環(huán)繞的 n. 周圍環(huán)境impatient adj. 不耐煩的，沒耐心的，急不可耐的aggressive adj. 好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的fine vt. 罰的款，處以罰金 n. 罰金，罰款concentration n. 專心，專注；集中 irresponsible adj. 不負(fù)責(zé)任的irresponsible adj. 不負(fù)責(zé)任的 assumption n. 假定，臆想overload vt. 使超載，使過載 unsteady adj.

6、不穩(wěn)定的，搖擺的，搖晃invitation n. 誘因；邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)?zhí)?incorrectly adv. 不正確地，錯(cuò)誤地orderly adj. 有秩序的，秩序井然的，有條理的課文出現(xiàn)短語1. pick up 2. cause damage to 3. beneath the surface 4. far from5. in use 6. why not do 7. go sightseeing 8. in the hope of9. speed up 10. under repair 11. protect sb from danger12. pay attention to 13. risk

7、 your life 14. avoid causing accidents15. a couple of 16. drop off 17. choke off traffic 18. link up 19. set up 20. function as 21. permit sb to do 22. at a discount23. make better use of 24. wash away 25. arise from 26. be aimed at27. lead to crashes 28. watch out for 29. in need of 30. be up to sb

8、 31. as it is known 32. lead to 33. accelerate the pace 34. be responsible for35. in honor for 36. a place of interest 37. be made up of 38. make up for 39. cause deaths and injuries 40. traffic jam 41. be aware of 42. be fined for 43. be likely to 44. in good condition一單詞應(yīng)用根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語意思填寫正確單詞，注意形式變

9、化。1. Up to now, many people have agreed that t_ is an important part of our lives.2. In the 19th century, s_ trains helped people travel all over the world.3. In the past, many old men dont believe buses can carry people o_ long distance.4. If you go to Britain, you will see the sign at the station,

10、 “welcome to the London u_”.5. Most trains went to the distant b_ of the city in the northern part of the country.6. Cars on the road can c_off traffic, so some experts dont agree cars mass production.7. The first tunnels were just b_ the surface of the ground.8. Sometimes, traveling on these lines

11、was very i_. So you had better go by car.9. Many caves in the mountains f_ as bomb shelters during war times.10. Some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u_.11.It is reported that the train lines were placed under the _（權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)） of the Board.12.It was interesting to know about t

12、he London _（地鐵） developed.13.The city has good air _（連接） with most large cities on the Chinese mainland.14.The storms _ (沖走) away soil along the road last night, which made children frightened15.The deaths _（發(fā)生，形成） from those accidents has increased in the past ten years.16.We must all be _（意識(shí)到） of

13、the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.17.You are _（違反） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.18.It is _（由決定） to all of us road users to make sure that we must avoid accident.19.Many _（騎車的人）do not pay attention to the cars around them. so it can

14、lead to accidents.20.We must pay attention to road _（安全）. Only in this way can we keep us safe.二.詞型轉(zhuǎn)換1、comparative adj. _(n.)2、effectively adv. _(n.)3、patient adj. _(n.) _(反) 4、concentration n. _(v.)5、steady adj. _(adv.)6invite v. _(n.)_(adj.)7、aware adj. _(n.)_(反) 8.expect.v._(adj.)_(n.)9、permit v.

15、 _(n.允許)10、fortune n. _(adj.)11. connect (vt.) _(n. ) 12. responsible (adj.) _ (opp.)13. rely (vi.)_ (adj.) 14.distant (adj.) _ (n.) 15. expansion (n.)_ (vt.) 16. convenient (adj.) _ (n.)17. separate (adj./vt) _ (adv.) 三句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本句型1. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex undergrou

16、nd system in the world.2. Most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings.3. Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the comparatively n

17、arrow tunnels by steam engines. 4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group.5. All the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.

18、6. The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years.7. This notice is aimed at increasing peoples awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.8. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing

19、 the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before stepping into the road.9. Many cyclists do not pay attention to the cars that surround them and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.10. This lack of control is an invitatio

20、n to accidents.11. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them.四句型拓展1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往倫敦的火車只到倫敦

21、城的遠(yuǎn)郊，因?yàn)樵谑袇^(qū)內(nèi)修建鐵路會(huì)損壞許多古建筑。Distant adj. a distant countryShe could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.in the distant past/futureAt some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house.quite soon: They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future.Distance n. C or U He tra

22、vels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.Does she live within walking distance of her parents?高考鏈接The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.（2004全國）A. length B. distance C. way D. space答案：BHistoric adj. historic buildings a historic

23、 day/momentIn a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests.Historical adj. connected with the study or representation of things from the past:She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England.historically adv. The film makes no attempt to be hi

24、storically accurate.Historically (= Over a long period in the past), there have always been close links between France and Scotland.2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是馬路上增加的車輛把道路堵

25、得水泄不通，交通變得如此擁擠以致于每個(gè)人都寸步難行。Choke n. C v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.引申：chock back 忍住，抑制 chock up 因激動(dòng)等說不出話來自我檢測During the rush hours the roads are usually _ up with traffic.A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 答案： A3. Th

26、e first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地鐵隧道于1863年開通，他們緊靠地面。Beneath prep. 低于，在之下比較：1) under prep. In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep.2) below adv., prep. From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us l

27、ooked like insects.They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four.4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都會(huì)鐵路公司于大都會(huì)區(qū)鐵路公司取得聯(lián)系共同

28、為城市中部提供地鐵服務(wù)。Link v. T The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.n. C Their links with Britain are still strong.link up They linked up two areas by telephone.用法拓展: be connected with 與相接，和有聯(lián)系5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Undergrounds developm

29、ent. (P50) 這些新的隧道開挖方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展腳步。Accelerate v. I I accelerated to overtake the bus.Compare: deceleratev. I The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. accelerated adj. 加速的 acceleration n. 加速度自我檢測A driver _ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed.A. modifies B. duplicates C

30、. accelerates D stimulates答案：CPace n. U: a slow/fast paceWhen she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.引申：keep pace with 與并駕齊驅(qū) at a pace 以的速度自我檢測Many people complain of rapid _ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. p

31、ace D. growth答案：C6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘這些線路很不方便，因?yàn)槊織l線都分別各歸其主而且許多線路之間相距甚遠(yuǎn)。Inconvenient adj. an inconvenient time/placeIt will be very inconvenient for me to have no car.inconvenience n.

32、 C or U Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.7After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收購后他給每條線起了名字，很多名字至今還在使用。Acquire v. T I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.During this period he acquired a reput

33、ation for being a womanizer.acquisition n. C or UI like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)?8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeths crowning. (P51)Honor a quality that combines respect, p

34、ride and honesty:a man of honour We fought for the honour of our countryn. C She received an honour for her services to the community.He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone

35、or sth.:高考鏈接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. (2006陜西)A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of答案：A9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)permit (-tt-) v. T The regul

36、ations do not permit much flexibility.+ ing form of verb The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51)order n. U in order of 以的順序The

37、children lined up in order of age/height.Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order.高考鏈接You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _. (2006廣東) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案：B11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that s

38、tarted in 1854. (P51)refer to phrasal verb: 1) He always refers to the house as his refuge.2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing:The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the un

39、derground three times. (P53)Discount n. C They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.v. T You shouldnt discount the possibility of him coming back.at a discount 打折自我檢測They sell the sweater _ a discount of 30 percent.A. on B. for C. at D. with答案：C五完成句子1. 兩家機(jī)構(gòu)為了幫助貧窮兒童聯(lián)合舉辦了一場慈善活動(dòng)。）The

40、two organizations _ _ to hold a charity event for the poor children.2. 這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）These new ways of digging _ _ _ _the London undergrounds development.3. 一般說來，人們喜歡買各種各樣的減價(jià)商品。（discount）_ _ , people like to buy all kinds of things _ _ _.4. 因缺乏交流而引發(fā)的家庭問題越來越多。（arise fro

41、m）There are more and more family problems _ _ _ _ _communication5. 由于不知道坐哪路車，她向我們求助。（not knowing）Not knowing which bus to take, she _ _ _ _ _.六語法應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞 v-ing形式作定語 1. 單個(gè)的v-ing形式可以作前置定語，表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起

42、來很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題2. 作定語的v-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 裝著醋的那個(gè)瓶子應(yīng)送到實(shí)驗(yàn)室去They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。3. 某些情況下，定語不能用v-ing形式，必須用定語從句。 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的話

43、，則需使用定語從句。昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個(gè)講座。【誤】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作狀語，不作定語。被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been de

44、stroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.v-ed形式作定語 1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語。A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.我們到達(dá)的時(shí)候，每人被發(fā)給了一份印制好的試卷。提示： 如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。2. 帶有修飾語或其他成分的v-ed形式

45、一般都作后置定語，在語法上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。 被邀請(qǐng)到招待會(huì)上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學(xué)生出席了。A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge. 一個(gè)律師裝扮的女人走了進(jìn)來，并作為法官就座。v-ing 和v-ed形式作定語的區(qū)別 1及物動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語表示與被修飾名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，及物動(dòng)詞的-ed 形式表示與被修飾名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The gro

46、up called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.2不及物動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行，而v-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已完成。the rising sun正在升起的太陽the risen sun升起了的太陽 falling leaves正在飄落的葉子fallen leaves落葉 不及物動(dòng)詞ed形式只表示完成的意義，并不帶有被動(dòng)的含義。an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped逃犯a retired worker = a worker who has retired退休工人a newl

47、y arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新來的客人As adverbsv-ing形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子主語是主動(dòng)一致。在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.(= After we have made full prep

48、arations.)2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill.)3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons.5 表示讓步，相

49、當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this.6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time v-ed形式作狀語 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。但其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子主語是被動(dòng)一致。1

50、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.(= After he was completely examined.)有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式前可加連詞when, while等來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.一恢復(fù)健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦

51、給這鐘上了發(fā)條，它就會(huì)走半個(gè)月，并且走得很準(zhǔn)。2 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. (= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .)3 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.(= If she was compared with other professors.)4 動(dòng)詞

52、-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.(= Although they were exhausted by the running .)為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動(dòng)詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。Even if invited, I wont go. 即使受到邀請(qǐng)，我也不去。Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. 5 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)，通常位于句子的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。The teacher stood there, surrounde