1、American Presidential ElectionPrepared by: MayUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Start with the Constitution(憲法) quadrennial The Election Day is the Tuesday between November 2nd and 8th(the last one: Nov. 4th 2008;the next one : Nov 6th, 2012）Candidates for President and Vice-President Run Together. (In most ca

2、ses, the presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate himself.)The Constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of race ,color,sex or age.Basic introductionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度ContentPresidential Job DescriptionPresidential Election SystemProcess of presidential el

3、ectionFactors influencing turnoutNegative impact of American presidential electionWhat we can learn from American presidential electionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Terms:No more than two terms or ten yearsUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Rewards of president$200,000 a yearLiving in White HouseCamp David as a retrea

4、tFleets of aircraft and carsA generous pensionMoney for an office and staff after retirementPresidential Job DescriptionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度黨間領導國內政策的領導行政領導對外政策的領導軍事能力象征性的領導USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度（四） 總統選舉程序提名程序(nomination process)總統候選人競選正式選舉(general election)primary elction黨的全國代表大會procedureFebJune

5、JulyAugSepNovDecnext Jan選舉人投票(electoral voting) 12月份第二個星期三后的第一個星期一 大選日選民投票(voting on Election Day) 11月份第一個星期一后的第一個星期二 國會兩院聯席會議上計票(electoral votes counting) 、宣布大選結果declare election results1月20日宣誓就職nomination（1）1790-1824年的國會黨團會議提名制（2）1831-1968年的全國代表大會提名制（3）1968年至今的預選提名制USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度President

6、ial Election SystemElections for President and Vice President of the United States are indirect elections in which voters cast ballots for a slate of electors of the U.S. Electoral College, who in turn directly elect the President and Vice President. USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Most state laws establish

7、a winner-take-all system, wherein the ticket that wins a plurality of votes wins all of that states allocated electoral votes, and thus has their slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College. Presidential Election SystemTotal electoral votes: 538 Candidate gets more than 270 win the ele

8、ctionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度“Winner-take-all”Exceptions: Maine and NebraskaWhere would you focus your energy and campaign the hardest?USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度08年美國選舉人分布USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度538 electors100Senators435Congressmen3 electors The District of Columbia535Representatives in CongressUSelecto

9、ralsystem美國選舉制度50 states 538Senate 100House of Representatives 435Colombia DC 3選舉人和選舉人團制 美國憲法第二條第一款規定：每州應依照該議會所定方式選派選舉人若干人，其數目同該州在國會應有的參議員和眾議員總人數相等，但參議員或眾議員，或在合眾國屬下擔任有責任或有薪金職務的人，不得被選派為選舉人。由各州選派的選舉人組成選舉人團。 由選舉人團投票,如得票數超過選舉人總數的一半，即當選為總統，這就是選舉人團制。 USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度4.General Election 全國選舉5.inaug-u

10、ration總統就職儀式Process of presidential electionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Each state has its own electorsEach state starts to conduct popular elections to choose their slate of electors: indirect election system. Each party has its own electoral college(選舉委員會）大規模的USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度The electors from Ea

11、ch State make up the Electoral College“The major political parties will officially hold its presidential nominating conventions. In this nominating conventions, The “Electoral College” Votes for the President. Normally ,the candidate for president receiving the majority(50%) of the electoral votes i

12、s the elected president.IndirectDirectUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度The candidates of the major parties will go to many states to win the supporters by means of ：campaigning trips to different statesaddressing TV speechesshowing on TV debates. These media tools play an important role in running(宣傳造勢） . Thi

13、s process costs lots. USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度總統大選電視辯論2012 第一場USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度turnout in 2008Maccine admited his failure Obama won the electionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度National Representatives Conference After National Representatives Conference, someone is elected as partys official candidate T

14、hey began tointroducetheir own partys political claims their own political programmes votersgive promises Serve the peoplevotersget more support USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度二、打造形象（04年為例） 1. beautify oneself2.try to deglamorize their opponentsUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Time: the first Tuesday after the first

15、Monday of November ; Purpose: select electors; USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度5. Inauguration: January in the next yearUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Factors influencing turnoutSatisfactionQuality of campaigns: lack of real issues; negative advertisingFrequency and length of electionsFrequent

16、 public pollsMuch coverage by the mediaTroublesome registering processUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度Negative Impact of American presidential electionVery costly and money consuming campaign; 2008 election cost more than 1 billion USDUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度In the fierce competition, a lot of immoral trick h

17、as been used; personal attacks and defame are always been used in the campaignNegative Impact of American presidential electionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度The existing election system make it difficult for other third party ( except Democratic and Public) to be elected. Negative Impact of American presidential electionUSelectoralsystem美國選舉制度2022/7/23USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度2022/7/23USelectoralsystem美國選舉制度What w