1、2015理工B真題及答案考試時間:上午9:00-11:00，120分鐘。職稱外語考試各級別、專業(yè)的試題全部為客觀題，在答題卡上作答。考生應考時，可攜帶一本正式出版的通用外語詞典（不得攜帶電子詞典以及專門為職稱外語考試編寫的詞典）、2B鉛筆、橡皮、黑色墨水筆。 第一部分 詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible

2、2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. Shes extreme

3、ly competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B. handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years i

4、n prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The pol

5、itical situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D. pubic 13. Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A. r

6、equesting B. planning C. preparing D. looking 14. He said some harsh words about his brother. A. unkind B. proper C. normal D. unclear 15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C.sum D. temp 第二部分 閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該

7、句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned compl

8、etely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs： the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the e

9、nvironment affects childrens health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other

10、sources of PAHs, ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid. The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention

11、problems in those children, now age 9.They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（長期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instruct

12、ions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her tea

13、m suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. 16. Perera and her team chose non

14、smoking pregnant women all over America. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of s

15、moking on PAHs was unclear. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood w

16、ere more likely to have kids with ADHD. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第三部分 概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1

17、個小標題；（2）第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。First Image-recognitions software1）Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artifi HYPERLINK /cia/ o cia t _blank cial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before. 2）Th

18、e new system, witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm（運算法則）for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel（像素）data in images

19、and potentially videorather than just textto locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned（收集）from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（圖片說明

20、），making for more accurate document search results. 3）Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page inc

21、ludes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist（主旨）of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text

22、of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search 4）The researchers designed and tested a machine vision sys

23、tema type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmedthat extracts semantic（語義的）information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The re

24、searchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries（查詢）on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the

25、Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text. 23. Paragraph 1 _D_ 24. Paragraph 2 _C_ 25. Paragraph 3 _E_ 26. Paragraph 4 _F_ A. Popularity of the new system B. Publication of the new discovery C. Function of the n

26、ew system D. Artificial intelligence software created E. Problems of the existing search engines F. Improvementi in document retrieval 27. The new system does document retrieval by _C_. 28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _E_. 29. When performing document retrieval the existing se

27、arch engines ignore _A_. 30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _B_. A. information in images B. current popular search engines C. using photos D. machine vision systems E. document search F. description of the HTML page 第四部分 閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題

28、。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第1篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of

29、 the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（樹冠）of taller indigenous（土生土長的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes

30、can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in th

31、e long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other

32、animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grown and bird friendly.Sure, these variet

33、ies might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it. 31.What is the main idea of this passage? A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. C. Shade-grow coffee is m

34、ore expensive than sun-grow coffee. D. People should buy shade-grown coffee. 32. The function of the word Traditionallyin Paragraph 2 is to show_. A. the positive effects of coffee. B. a change of coffee growth. C. something that is the most important. D. how coffee production used to be. 33. What d

35、oes increased production of full-sun coffee bring about? A. More insects. B. Better quality coffee. C. Larger farms. D. Higher profits. 34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? A. They buy more land from other farmers. B. They cut down trees. C. They move to another country. D.

36、 They turn grassland into farmland. 35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_. A. insects. B. air. C. brids. D. humans. 第2篇 More Rural Research is Needed Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, sa

37、id demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead. The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition（營養(yǎng)

38、不良）and poverty. he said. Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation（貧瘠化）and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the worlds ability to feed itself in the first 25 years,

39、when the worlds population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but therell still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020,similar to the curr

40、enti pattern. If there is any change, a slighe improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia. The debeloping world was investing about 0.5%,or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domest

41、ic product（GDP）on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries. He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs（有用的副產(chǎn)品）for Mexico, China or India.

42、Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.Dr. Fischer said. Yields of rice, wheat ad maize（玉米）have grown impressively in the past 30 years, espe HYPERLINK /cia/ o cia t _b

43、lank cially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per he HYPERLINK /zhuceshuiwushi/ o cta t _blank ctare between 1950 and 1995.But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted.If you want

44、to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, youre going to have to increase yield.Dr. Fischer said. 36.What is the passage mainly about? A. Shortage of food supplies. B. Development of agricultural technologies. C. Impact of agricultural research. D. Expectation of po

45、pulation growth. 37. Which of the following statements is true about the worlds agricultural research funding? A. It is increasing among developed countries. B. It is decreasing worldwide. C. Less is demanded from developing countries. D. Most of it is spent very efficiently. 38. What is the picture

46、 of Asias food supplies in the first 25 years? A. Food shortage will not be a problem. B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia. C. Population growth will result in more hungry people. D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia. 39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? A.

47、 They are costly. B. They have to be improved to meet local needs. C. Their application is limited. D. They have to be applied locally. 40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_. A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities. B. crop production is growing faster in d

48、eveloping countries. C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s. D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed. 第3篇 Dangers await babies with altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests.These ba

49、bies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who liv

50、e at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities： La Paz and Santa Cruz.L

51、 Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even b

52、abies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.We were very surprised by this result，says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release or suppre

53、ssion of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child，says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest o

54、f the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary（冠狀的） heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight

55、 are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. 41.What does the new study discover? A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver. B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies. C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average. D. Low-altitude babi

56、es have a high risk of heart disease in later life. 42. Giussani and his team are sure that _. A.babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz. B.people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies. C.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is San

57、ta Cruz. D.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished. 43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_. A. the finding was unexpected B. he was very tired. C. the study took longer than expected. D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz. 44. The results of th

58、e study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _. A.lack of certain nutrition. B.powerty of their mother. C.different family backgrounds. D.reduction of oxygen levels. 45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_. A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later l

59、ife. B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span. C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth. D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.第五部分 補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。Saving a Citys Public Art Av

60、oiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the citys colorful freeway murals（壁畫）can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict（描述）famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all across the city. With a collection of more than 2，000 murals,