1、 PAGE 12Module 3 Unit 3 Grammar and UsageLearning aims: In this period youll learn: 1 object complement; 2 either.or; neither.nor; 3 subject-verb agreementLearning important points:1. Learn how to use object complement and subject-verb agreement2. Understand when subject-verb agreement is used in se

2、ntencesLearning methods:Cooperative learning and practicing.Learning procedures:Activity 1: Object complement一英語的五種基本句型結構： He runs quickly The story sounds interesting They built a house last year He offered me his seat/ his seat to me They found her happy that day 歸納總結： = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT = 2

3、* GB3 * MERGEFORMAT = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT = 5 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT E.g. I found him _ 我發現他出去了。They named the boy _ 他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him_ 我見他進來又出去。They felt the car _ 他們感到汽車行駛得很快。He found the door of study _ to him 他發現研究所的大門對他關閉了。二賓語補足語：1、定義：賓補是補充說明賓語，使句子意義完整的句子成分。2、結構：Verb

4、 + object + object complement3、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：(1). 名詞： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny.注：充當賓語補足語的名詞若表示正式的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠詞。They elected John _.(委員會的主席)(2). 形容詞： You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open.We fo

5、und the ruins most interesting.(3). 介詞短語He left his bag in the office.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.(4). 副詞He opened the window to let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.(5). 現在分詞： Im sorry to have you _（wait）for so long. I could feel the cold wind

6、_(blow) on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher_(come) in.(6). 過去分詞：When he wake up, he found himself _(tie) to a tree.He raised his voice to make himself _(hear).I had my watch_ (repair) yesterday.(7). 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式My mother allowed me _(玩游戲) for a while.Can you make your car _( park)

7、 over there?注：(1).使用不定式作賓語補足語時， 五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at） 三使（make, let, have） 兩聽（listen to, hear）一感覺（feel） 后接省略to 的不定式(2).help 一詞后的不定式，可帶 to，也可以不帶 to。4、在復合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時也可以用不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或that從句來充當。一般情況下，賓補通常緊跟在賓語之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等動詞應使用先行詞it代替賓語，it

8、后面應接賓補，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部 I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. I think it very important to attend this meeting. We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在這種結構中，賓語補足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結構的動詞有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。【小結】1、賓語補足語是補充賓語的成分，通常置于賓語之后。 賓語+賓語補足語

9、=復合賓語。2、可以用作賓補的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞。3、能帶賓補的動詞一定是及物動詞。4、主動語態句子中的賓語在被動語態句子中是主語，相應的賓補就成為主補。常跟賓語補足語的動詞：第一類, 感官動詞, 所接的賓補可以是不帶to的動詞不定式，也可以是現在分詞或過去分詞。（feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at）I saw him cross/crossing the road. = He was seen_/ _ the road. 注：但句子變為被動語態時，不定式的to要還原

10、。第二類, 使役動詞，所接的賓補多為動詞不定式或過去分詞。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。This makes people _(意識到保護環境的重要性). If you are back, will you please make yourself _(know) to me?第三類, 含命名意義的動詞，所接的賓補一般是名詞。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.第

11、四類, v. + sb. + to do sth. 結構中的動詞，所接的賓補一般是不定式。這類動詞有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等第五類, find, keep, leave 等幾個詞的用法非常靈活，后面所接的賓補可以是形容詞、副詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等。We found

12、it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Keep the door closed.Consolidation 【課堂檢測】一單句改錯1. We all elected Jason the monitor.2. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.3. What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house warmly a

13、nd comfortable.4. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.5. He pushed the door opening.6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.7. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.8. When I came in, I fou

14、nd a boy hide behind the door.9. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.10He was heard sing last night.二用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. In the end, we found the girl _ (lock) in a dark room.2. Just at that time, I saw an old woman _ (cross) the narrow street.3. Dont let your son _（play）comp

15、uter games like this any more.4. Ive never heard the word _ (use) in spoken English.5. I think you cant force your son _(go) to see her.三單項填空1Tell him _ the window.to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut2. Theres a hole in your bag. I know, Im going to have it _.mend B. mending C. mend

16、ed D. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister.cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going5. I found the door _wh

17、en I got home.opened B. close C. unlocking D. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_,

18、the newly-elected president is having a hard time.settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled9. I advised _ at once. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating11.

19、 You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out12. He managed to make himself _ with his _ English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; brokenC. understood; breaking D. understood; broken13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A. expose

20、B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing14Dont you think it _ to learn this kind of skill at present?A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. the different15. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skill.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take16. The direc

21、tor had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up17. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _as much as we c

22、an.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak19. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _in his lectures.A. interesting B. interest C. interested D.

23、 to interest賓 語 補 足 語 (檢測題)單項選擇1. If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get C. ask D. tell 2. A student will be immediately punished if he is found _ in the exams. A. cheat B. cheating C. to cheat D. cheated3. Helen had to shout _ due to the rainstorm.A

24、. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard4. Dont leave the water _ while you are soaping yourself down. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run5. The accident is believed _ by the thick darkness and the snow on the road.A. to be causing B. being

25、caused C. to be caused D. to have caused6. I couldnt sleep with the little boy _ his small bike upstairs. A. riding B. rides C. rode D. to ride7. _ house price up by 200%, ordinary people cannot afford . A. As B. For C. With D. Through 8. Many families were warned _ oranges by short messages on the

26、phone because of the fruit flies. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating9. Do you expect _ to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the particular furniture we need?A. it B. that C. on D. there10. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much

27、. A. for B. when C. with D. while11. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak12. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied13. The managers

28、 discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out14. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go15. Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. make wash B.

29、 make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash16 Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying17. Though I have often heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to

30、be sung, to sing18. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars19. The boy stood there, with his eyes _ on the picture. A. fixing B. to fix C. fixed D. to be fixed20. Having a trip abroad

31、 is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen21. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “Id like to have this package _.”A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed22. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed

32、with his mouth _ and eyes _.A. open, closeB. opened, closed C. opened, closeD. open, closed23. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning24. I heard that you were elected _ this time.A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor25. With tre

33、es, flowers and grass_ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted26. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_.A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking27. I was disappointed to find his suggestions _

34、 .A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down28. _ the room, the nurse found the tape recorder _ .A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; goneC. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen29. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days

35、. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed30. “Did you have any difficulty in todays homework?”“No, in fact I found _.” A. it very easy to do B. it very easy done C. very easy for doing D. very easy to do itActivity 2: either.or; neither.noreither.or. 不是.就是.; 或者或者. 可以連接并列結構作主語、賓語、表語等句子成分.E.g.

36、 He will choose_to finish the task.(他會選擇你或者你兄弟來完成這項任務) You may _.(你可以游泳也可以踢足球) Either you say youre sorry or you get out!注：當兩個主語由either or連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。（_原則） E.g. Either you or I_(be) wrong. Either you or he _(be) wrong.neither.nor. 既不.也不. 并列連詞, 用于連接兩個并列的成分. E.g. 那個機器人既不唱歌也不跳舞。_ 我既不喜歡他，也不喜歡你。 _ H

37、e did this neither for fame nor for money. I found him _. (他既不聰明，也不勤奮)注：當兩個主語由neither nor連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。（_原則） E.g. Neither you nor he _(know) the answer.Activity 3: subject-verb agreement 在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句做主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。E.g. 學習英語

38、不容易. 他的話對我們來說很重要. 在陽光下讀書對眼睛有害.注：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。E.g. What I bought _(be) three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。E.g. She and I _(be) classmates. The boy and the girl _(be) surpris

39、ed when they heard the news. Both she and he _(be) League members.注： 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人，物或同一概念時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。 E.g. The writer and artist has come. Trial and error is the source of our knowledge. 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every, many a等修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。 E.g. Every student and every teacher _(be)

40、in the room. No boy and no girl _(like) it.主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。(就前原則) E.g. Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, _(have come; has come) to China. Nobody

41、 but Jim and Mike _(was; were) on the playground. She, like you and Tom, _(is; are) very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數名詞（或代詞）”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。 E.g. Neithe

42、r of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它后面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。 E.g. None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定語從句時，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。注： 在one of + 復數名詞 +who/that/which 引導的定語從句中，從句的謂語用復數 E.g. He is one of my friends who _(is; are) working ha

43、rd. 在the only/very one of +復數名詞+who/which/that 引導的定語從句中，從句的謂語用單數E.g. He is the only one of my friends who_(is; are) working hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。E.g. The class _(consist) of 25 boys and 20 girls. The class _(i

44、s; are) doing experiments. The population of China_(is; are) 13.6 billion and 70% of the population _(is; are)peasants.people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。E.g. The police are looking for the lost child.由“some,/ half,/a lot of, /lots of, /plenty of, /the rest of, /the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞

45、”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。 E.g. There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture _(is; are) wonderful. 50% of the students in our class _(is; are) girls.a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of“的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。8由kind /type/ series /quantity of 等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復

46、數而不是它們后面所跟的名詞。E.g. Large quantities of water _(is; are) needed for watering the flowers. A new type of bus _(is; are) now on show.9、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。E.g. 汽車來了。 墻上有許多圖畫。 Such _(be) the result. Such _(be) the facts.10Many a + 單數名詞（許多）；more than one +單數名詞做主語時，謂語用單數形式。 E.g. Many a page in this book

47、 _(be) missing. More than one student _(have; has) failed in the exam.11、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。E.g. Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數做主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式， 這是由于做主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體. E.g. Thirty minut

48、es _(be) enough for the work. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。 E.g. The Arabian Nights _(be) an interesting story-book.表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式（也可用復數。 E.g. One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.一些學科名詞是以 ics 結尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬

49、于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們做主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。 E.g. The paper works _(build) in 1990. I think _(物理難學).trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等詞做主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。 E.g. My glasses _(be) broken. The pair of shoes _(be) under the bed.17、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時

50、，動詞用復數。 E.g. The old _(照顧) here.（1）當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also, notbut連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。（就近原則） E.g. Either the teacher or the students _(be) our friends. Neither they nor he _(be) wholly right. _(be) neither he nor they wholly right? As far as I know, not only his par

51、ents but also his brother_(treat) the girl very well.there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。 E.g. There _(be) two chairs and a desk in the room.Consolidation 【課堂檢測】1、用所給詞的適當形式填空1) His Selected Poems ( be )first published in 19652) Twenty dollars ( be )enough for the coat 3) The po

52、or woman with her two children ( see, beg ) in a street corner 4) Is there anybody in the classroom? No, the teacher as well as the students ( go ) to the playground 5) Three-fourths of the land ( cover ) by forest and grass 6) Have you heard about the new school? No, when and where to build the new

53、 one ( not decide ) 7) E-mail，as well as telephones， ( play ) an important part in daily communication8) The worker and poet ( invite ) to the party the other day9) This morning I saw Mr. Lee (kill) a chicken.10) When I was here last year, the bridge was seen (build)by the workers.2、句型轉換 1. Both his

54、 father and mother are fond of light music. (改為否定句)_ 2. We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (改為簡單句)_ 3. If you can keep still, you can sit on this end of the boat and you can also sit on that end. (用eitheror改變句型)_ 4. Helen is not good at French and John is not good at Fren

55、ch, either. ( 用neithernor改變句型)_ 5. We believe that he is honest. (改為簡單句)_3、單句改錯1. This is one of the most interesting questions that has been asked.2. Many a ship have been damaged in the storm.3. Neither I or he am in favor of her marriage.4. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the pa

56、rty.5. About one third of the books is worth reading.6. The number of students from the north are small.7. What may surprise you are that Im going to the US this July on a summer camp.8. More than one worker have been failed in the exam.9. Each boy and each girl have a beautiful dream.10. Maths are

57、one of the most important courses in middle school.單項選擇1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are2.Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c. are d. is3.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. was4

58、.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was5._ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher6. _ twenty dollars a big sum to her? I suppose so.a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were7.Three hours _ enough f