1、1. Customs area關稅區:2. Conversion貨幣兌換3. Visible trade有形貿易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4. Invisible trade無形貿易:

2、The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI外國直接投資: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets

3、 in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment證券投資: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds債券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the mon

4、ey lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity（票據等）到期10. Certificate of deposit大額存單11. Licensing許可經營: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, an

5、d can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12. Franchising特許經營: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商標14. Patent專利15. Royalty專利（許可

6、）使用費，版稅16. Copyright版權17. Licenser許可方18. Licensee被許可方 19. Franchiser特許方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特許方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract管理合同: Under a management

7、 contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain價值鏈1. Turnkey project“交鑰匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign pu

8、rchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.2. BOT建設、經營和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer3. Expertise專門知識4. Bonus紅利、獎金、津貼5. Royalty 許可使用費6. International investment國際投資: Supplying capital by residents of one country to

9、another.7. Contract manufacturing承包生產8. GATT關貿總協定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade9. International business國際商務: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.10.

10、 Intellectual property知識產權11. Oil deposit: 石油儲備 = oil reserves12. the reserves of natural resources 自然資源儲備13. Personal advancement個人的晉升，個人素質的提高以及個人事業的進步等。1. GNP國民生產總值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an econo

11、my.2. GDP國內生產總值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income國民收入4. Per capita income人均收入5. Per capita GDP人均國內生產總值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average incom

12、e level of consumers.6. PPP購買力平價: Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism消費主義8. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure基礎設施10. Staple goods大路貨11. Invoice （開）發票12. Creditor country債權國13. OECD經合組織，經濟合作與開發組織: Organization for Economic Coopera

13、tion and Development.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States 獨聯體，獨立國家聯合體15. ASEAN 東盟，東南亞國家聯盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs（亞洲四小虎）: Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production生產要素18. while still adopts each own external policy19. Customs union關稅同盟: The members remo

14、ve barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy20. Share holders股東21. Economic globalization經濟全球化22. Board of directors董事會23. Inputs投入24. Services服務25. Primary commodities初級產品26. Specialization專業化: To restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields.27. Absolut

15、e advantage絕對利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)28. Comparative advantage比較利益: It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute dis

16、advantage in production both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.29. Capital資本30. Land and labor土地和勞動力31. International trade國際貿易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.32. Farm produce農產品33. Scarce resource

17、s 稀缺資源34. Tariff關稅: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.35. Quota配額: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.36. Import duties進口關稅: Tariffs levied on goods entering an

18、area37. Export duties出口關稅: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area38. Ad valorem duty從價稅: 39. Specific duty從量稅40. Compound duties復稅、混合關稅41. Drawback退稅: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.42. Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠國待遇: A tariff treatment under whi

19、ch a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country43. Tariff schedule稅率表、稅則44. Non-tariff barrier非關稅壁壘45. GSP普惠制: Generalized system of preferences.46. Reasonable costs合理的成本47. Customs area關稅區48. Customs union關稅同盟49. Tariff barriers 關稅壁壘

20、: The traditional protectionism measure50. Deal交易51. Trade terms貿易術語、交易條件52. Trade practices貿易慣例53. Negotiable（票據、證券等）可轉讓的、可流通的54. EDI電子數據交換: Electronic Date Interchange55. Customs clearance清關、結關56. Dispatch發運、發送57. ICC國際商會: International Chamber of Commerce58. Roll on-roll off滾裝滾卸的59. Incoterms國際貿易

21、術語解釋通則: It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.60. Negotiable transport doc

22、uments可轉讓的裝運單據=Transferable transport documents61. EXW工廠交貨: Ex Work62. FCA貨交承運人: Free Carrier63. FAS裝運港船邊交貨: Free Alongside Ship64. FOB裝運港船上交貨: Free On Board65. CFR成本加運費: Cost and Freight66. CIF成本、保險費加運費: Cost, Insurance and Freight67. CPT運費付至: Carriage Paid To68. CIP運費、保險費付至: Carriage and Insurance

23、 Paid To69. DAF邊境交貨: Delivered At Frontier70. DES目的港船上交貨: Delivered Ex Ship71. DEQ目的港碼頭交貨: Delivered Ex Quay72. DDU未完稅交貨: Delivered Duty Unpaid73. DDP完稅后交貨: Delivered Duty Paid74. UCP (the Uniform customs and Practice for documentary credit)跟單信用證統一慣例75. Inquiry / enquiry詢盤、詢價: It is made by the buye

24、rs to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.76. Quotation報盤: Estimate of how much something will cost77. Validity period有效期78. Offer發盤、出價1. Counter offer還盤: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offer

25、er2. Offeree收盤人3. Sales (purchase) contract銷售（采購）合同4. Sales (purchase) confirmation銷售（采購）確認書5. Consignment寄售6. Contraction parties締約方7. Arbitration仲裁8. Business line業務范圍、經營范圍9. Contract proper合同本身、合同正文10. Article number貨號11. A first enquiry首次詢價: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has n

26、ever dealt with12. A contract一個合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties13. A firm offer 一個實盤: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.14. Trade fairs 商品交易會15. Executed contract已履行的合同16. Executory contract待履行的合同17. Dispute s

27、ettlement合同爭議的解決18. Law suit訴訟= Legal action, Litigation19. Counter trade對銷貿易、反向貿易20. Hyperinflation極度通貨膨脹21. Reichsbank德國國家銀行22. Cross-border contract進出口合同23. Protectionism貿易保護注意24. Financial market金融市場25. Clearing system清算系統、清算制度26. Net positions實際頭寸27. Compensation trade補償貿易28. Trade credit accou

28、nts貿易信貸往來賬戶29. Barter易貨貿易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.30. Counter purchase反向購買、互購貿易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services fr

29、om the importer or importing country.31. Buyback回購貿易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.1. Vertical豎式地、涉及生產銷售全過程的2. Centrally planned economies中央計劃經濟國家3. competitive devaluation競爭性貶值4. V

30、olkswagen大眾汽車公司5. Xerox Corporation施樂公司6. Processing trade加工貿易7. Consignment寄售8. Leasing trade租賃貿易9. Auction拍賣10. Agency代理11. Money market貨幣市場12. Discount market貼現市場13. Capital market資本市場14. Securities market有價證券市場15. Stock Exchange證券交易所16. Foreign exchange market外匯市場17. Gold market黃金市場18. EPU歐洲支付聯盟

31、: European Payment Union19. Trade credit accounts貿易信貸往來賬戶20. Foreign exchange shortages外匯短缺21. Policy objective政策目標22. Debtor債務人23. Debit借方24. Financial standing財務狀況= financial status = financial strength25. Credit worthiness資信可靠狀況26. Periodic payments分階段付款27. Cash in advance預付現金28. Draft匯票:= Bill o

32、f exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.29. Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)30. Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.31. Payee收款人、領款人: The person receiving

33、 the payment.32. Sight draft即期匯票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.33. Usance draft遠期匯票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.34. Clean draft光票: The draft without documents35. Documentary draft跟單匯票: The draft i

34、s accompanied by the relevant documents.36. Documentary collection跟單托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.37. Open account記賬交易38.

35、D/P付款交單: Documents against payment39. D/A承兌交單: Documents against acceptance40. D/P at sight 即期付款交單41. D/P after sight 遠期付款交單42. Title to the goods貨物所有權43. Ownership to the goods貨物所有權44. Insurance policy保險單45. Remittance 匯付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trus

36、t each other46. Applicant (Opener or Principal)申請人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)47. Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)開證行: The bank that issues the credit48. Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened49. Correspondent band往來行、關系行:

37、The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it50. Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.51. Amendment修改52. Confirming bank保兌行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.53. Reimburse償付54. Unit price單價

38、55. Partial shipment分批裝運56. Transshipment轉運57. The uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟單信用證統一慣例58. In favor of 以為受益人的59. The carrying vessel載貨船只60. The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用證:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to p

39、ay upon presentation of the relevant documents.61. Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.62. Negotiating bank議付行: The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.63. Clean credit光票信用證: The credits only require clean draft.64. Non-trade settlement非貿易結算65

40、. Revocable credit可撤消信用證: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.66. Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用證: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.67. Maturity到期，滿期68. Nationalize國有化69. Confirmed credit保兌信用證: The cr

41、edit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank70. Leading bank (Prime bank, First rate bank)主要銀行71. Sight credit即期信用證: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.72. Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)遠

42、期信用證:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.73. Capital turnover資金周轉74. Face value面值75. Transferable credit可轉讓信用證: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.76. Non-transferable credit不可

43、轉讓信用證: The credit can not be transferred.77. Non-draft credit無匯票信用證: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.78. Discount折扣79. Deferred payment延期付款80. Revolving credit循環信用證: The credit stipulated that its amount c

44、an be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.81. Insolvent無支付能力的82. The documentary credit跟單信用證: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.83. A particular transaction一筆特定的交易84. Documents單據85. Documentation單據的制作或使用86. Take

45、delivery of提（貨）87. Commission傭金88. Discount折扣89. Shipping marks嘜頭、運輸標記90. Bill of lading提（貨）單91. Carrier承運人: The shipping company92. Shipper貨主、托運人、發貨人93. Consignor托運人94. Carriage運輸，運費95. Consignee收貨人96. Notify party到貨通知人、被通知人97. Payable應支付的、可支付的98. Airway bill空運（提）單99. Railway bill收貨單（鐵路）100. Insura

46、nce policy保險單（大保單）101. Insurance certificate保險單（小保單）102. Cargo receipt鐵路運單、貨運收據103. Commercial invoice商業發票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the

47、seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature

48、of the exporter.104. Legal holder合法持有人105. Customs invoice海關發票106. Consular invoice領事發票107. Consular visa領事簽證108. Shipping advice裝船通知109. Certificate of quality品質證書110. Certificate of weight重量證書111. Certificate of quantity數量證書112. Certificate of health健康證書113. Certificate of disinfection消毒證書114. Cer

49、tificate of origin產地證書115. Veterinary certificate獸醫證書116. Packing list裝箱單: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.117. Straight b

50、ill of lading記名提單: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.118. Port of shipment發貨港、裝運港、起運港119. Finished products制成品120. Deregulation放松管制121. Productivity生產率122. Cost economies節約成本、成本節約123. Intermediate products中間產品、半成品124. Natural pro

51、duct province自然產品領域125. Inventory存貨、庫存126. Logistics物流127. Just-in-time inventory system零庫存128. Common carrier公共承運人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.129. Contract

52、carrier契約承運人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).130. Private carrier自有承運人131. Representative carriers代表性的運載工具132. Production approach生產方式133. Transportation and freight transportation運輸和貨物運輸: In broad sense, transportation is

53、defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.134. Carrier承運人135. Shipper托運人

54、= Consigner136. Consignee收貨人137. Insured被保險人，保戶: The person who transfer risk.138. Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).139. Claim索賠140. Client客戶，主顧141. Margin保證金142. Draw提取，支取143. Jeopardy危險，風險144. Literature文獻，說明書145. Underwriter保險公司146. Know

55、n premium已知的保險費147. Pool統籌的資金，共同的款項148. Cargo insurance貨物保險: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.149. Marine insurance海上保險: The insurance of ships and their car

56、goes.150. Insurance保險: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.151. Values exposed to loss損失的價值152. Release of funds騰出資金153. Broker經紀人154. Port of origin始發港155. Voidable無效的156. I

57、ndemnity賠償原則: It holds that a contract of insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.157. Ruin破產158. Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.)159. Terms of sale價格條件、買賣條款160. All Risks全險、一切險、綜合險161. Principle of utmost good faith最大誠信原則：The people who decide what premium is fair for a