1、A.has employedB.was unemployedC.had been unemployedD.has been unemployedA.you didB.your doingC.yours doingD.you doA.Hang upB.Hold the lineC.Hold upD.You must waitA.Its my pleasure. Hope youll come again.B.No, thanks. It isnt as good as it should be.C.Im glad to have a meal with you.D.Never mind. You

2、 are always welcome.A.Yes, please.B.Yes, I know.C.No, you can.D.No, not at all.6、 Ill fly to New York on business next week. Well, _.一、單選題1、Tom _ since he lost his job three weeks ago.2、We agree to _ the test.3、 Hello. May I have a word with Jane? _, please.4、 Thank you very much for your wonderful

3、meal. _5、- Do you mind if I smoke here? - _.A.have a pleasant journeyB.youre so lucky to go abroadC.wish you happyD.good-bye A.Yes, pleaseB.No, Im sorryC.Certainly notD.All rightA.to be translatedB.to have translatedC.to translateD.to have been translatedA.had readB.read C.was readingD.would have re

4、adA.No, Im perfectly all right.B.Youre all right.C.Dont worry about it.D.Not at all. Thank you.7、 Would you mind closing the window? _.8、His book is reported _ into several foreign languages already.9、She was so interested in the book that she _ it for three hours before she realized10、- I do apolog

5、ize for knocking you down. - _.11、I feel its an honor _ to attend the opening ceremony of the new bank.12、We must have the work _ before next Friday.13、 Shall I help you move into your new flat? _ But thanks all the same.14、Youd better have your TV set _ .15、I think _ strange that he is always sayin

6、g nice things about you.16、I feel its an honor _ to attend the opening ceremony of the new bank.A.to inviteB.of being invitedC.to be invitedD.having invitedA.having fallenB.to be fallingC.being fallenD.to have fallenA.See B.To seeC.Saw D.Seeing A.Im sorry.B.I apologize for being late.C.Im afraid I d

7、idnt feel well.D.All rightA.finish B.finished C.finishing D.To be finishedA.him calling me20、We must have the work _ before next Friday.17、When mother entered the bed room, little Shelly pretended _ asleep.18、_ that it was raining, he put on his raincoat.19、- Why are you so late? - _.1、I hadnt expec

8、ted James to apologize but I had hoped _.B.that he would call meC.him to call meD.that he call meA.Its my pleasure. Hope youll come again.B.No, thanks. It isnt as good as it should be.C.Im glad to have a meal with you.D.Never mind. You are always welcome.A.I dont hope so.B.I hope not so.C.I hope not

9、.D.I hope to be not.A.I agree.B.Well, thanks for coming.C.So do I.D.Yes, please.A.has employedB.was unemployedC.had been unemployedD.has been unemployedA.Yes, pleaseB.No, Im sorryC.Certainly notD.All rightA.have gradually being exhausted5、Tom _ since he lost his job three weeks ago.6、 Would you mind

10、 closing the window? _.7、The worlds supplies of copper _.2、 Thank you very much for your wonderful meal. _3、 Has Mr. Smith had an accident? _4、 Im afraid I must go now. _.B.are gradually exhaustedC.has been gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhaustedA.No, Im perfectly all right.B.Youre all ri

11、ght.C.Dont worry about it.D.Not at all. Thank you.A.Seriously injuredB.To be seriouslyC.Being injured seriouslyD.Having injuredA.I do apologize for losing it.B.Im afraid Ive lost it.C.Im very sorry about it.D.You are all right.A.To be judgedB.Judging C.Being judgedD.Having judgedA.to makeB.make C.to

12、 be madeD.making A.Work 8、- I do apologize for knocking you down. - _.13、_ in the open air has given you a good color.9、_ in the leg, the soldier was sent to hospital at once.10、- Wheres my umbrella? Have you got it? - _.11、_ from what he said, the scientist must have met a lot of difficulties in hi

13、s work.12、All of us should avoid _ mistakes.B.Worked C.Working D.To be workingA.having fallenB.to be fallingC.being fallenD.to have fallenA.Its not well.B.Its your fault.C.Maybe youve made mistakes.D.Something may have gone wrong with it.A.carries outB.carried outC.was carried outD.has carried outA.

14、Once B.Because C.When D.As long asA.not to attendB.not attendingC.not to missD.failed to attendA.Im sorry.14、When mother entered the bed room, little Shelly pretended _ asleep.15、 My telephone isnt working properly. .16、Every possible test _ to decide the nature of her illness.17、_ we dont lose hear

15、t, well find a way to get over the difficulty.18、There was no reason for you _ the important discussion held the day before yeste19、- Why are you so late? - _.B.I apologize for being late.C.Im afraid I didnt feel well.D.All rightA.write B.have writtenC.was writingD.have been writingA.Hang upB.Hold t

16、he lineC.Hold upD.You must waitA.Its my pleasure. Hope youll come again.B.No, thanks. It isnt as good as it should be.C.Im glad to have a meal with you.D.Never mind. You are always welcome.A.Because its raining.B.Have a good time!C.Why do you go swimming?D.It sounds nice!A.repaired B.repairs C.repai

17、ring D.repair A.reflects 1、 Hello. May I have a word with Jane? _, please.2、 Thank you very much for your wonderful meal. _3、 What a lovely day! Why not go swimming this afternoon? _4、Youd better have the colour TV set _ .20、Dont disturb me. I _ letters all morning and have written ten so far.5、He i

18、s a popular movie star. His popularity _ in the high attendance at all his movieB.reflected C.is reflectedD.is reflectingA.I dont feel very well, either.B.Ive got a stomachache.C.Ive made a mistake.D.Im right.A.to be translatedB.to have translatedC.to translateD.to have been translatedA.No, Im perfe

19、ctly all right.B.Youre all right.C.Dont worry about it.D.Not at all. Thank you.A.is being raisedB.is risenC.is being roseD.is raisingA.to meetB.to be meetC.not to meetD.not to be metA.wrote 9、“The ceremony has already started.” “Look! The flag _ now.”10、When Mr. Smith failed _ us, we left without hi

20、m.11、The story _ by the famous writer is being printed at the factory.6、- Whats wrong with you? - _.7、His book is reported _ into several foreign languages already.8、- I do apologize for knocking you down. - _.B.written C.write D.writing A.To be judgedB.Judging C.Being judgedD.Having judgedA.being g

21、ivenB.be givenC.to giveD.gives A.being shownB.shown C.have showedD.to be showedA.Can it seeB.Can it be seenC.Can seeD.Can be seeing itA.always B.ever C.seldom D.sometimes A.See 12、_ from what he said, the scientist must have met a lot of difficulties in his work.17、_ that it was raining, he put on h

22、is raincoat.13、Jimmy likes _ harder work.14、After _ round the factory, they were taken to see a kindergarten.15、“Town Hall is the tallest building in the city.” “_ from here?”16、She is _ talking when I am watching TV.B.To seeC.Saw D.Seeing A.Fill B.Filling C.Filled D.To be filledA.not to attendB.not

23、 attendingC.not to missD.failed to attendA.write B.have writtenC.was writingD.have been writingA.Hang upB.Hold the lineC.Hold upD.You must waitA.Because its raining.B.Have a good time!C.Why do you go swimming?D.It sounds nice!A.have a pleasant journey18、_ with courage, the girl said that she would g

24、o there alone at night.19、There was no reason for you _ the important discussion held the day before yeste20、Dont disturb me. I _ letters all morning and have written ten so far.1、 Hello. May I have a word with Jane? _, please.2、 What a lovely day! Why not go swimming this afternoon? _3、 Ill fly to

25、New York on business next week. Well, _.B.youre so lucky to go abroadC.wish you happyD.good-bye A.repaired B.repairs C.repairing D.repair A.have gradually being exhaustedB.are gradually exhaustedC.has been gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhaustedA.to be translatedB.to have translatedC.to t

26、ranslateD.to have been translatedA.No, Im perfectly all right.B.Youre all right.C.Dont worry about it.D.Not at all. Thank you.A.Seriously injuredB.To be seriouslyC.Being injured seriouslyD.Having injuredA.is being raised5、The worlds supplies of copper _.6、His book is reported _ into several foreign

27、languages already.7、- I do apologize for knocking you down. - _.8、_ in the leg, the soldier was sent to hospital at once.4、Youd better have the colour TV set _ .9、“The ceremony has already started.” “Look! The flag _ now.”B.is risenC.is being roseD.is raisingA.wrote B.written C.write D.writing A.to

28、makeB.make C.to be madeD.making A.No, thank you.B.Yes, Id love to.C.No, I wont.D.Thank you just the same.A.being givenB.be givenC.to giveD.gives A.what B.that C.this D.it A.being always bothered13、Jimmy likes _ harder work.14、I think _ strange that he is always saying nice things about you.15、I dont

29、 want you _ your brains about such problems.10、The story _ by the famous writer is being printed at the factory.11、All of us should avoid _ mistakes.12、 Well have a party on Sunday. Will you join us? _B.always to be botheredC.to be always botheringD.to be always botheredA.carries outB.carried outC.w

30、as carried outD.has carried outA.Ask B.Asking C.Asked D.To askA.always B.ever C.seldom D.sometimes A.Yes, help yourself.B.It doesnt matter.C.Yes, you may borrow.D.Yes, go on.A.finish B.finished C.finishing D.To be finishedA.I think its wonderful.16、Every possible test _ to decide the nature of her i

31、llness.1、 What do you think of Chinese food? _.17、_ what she would do, she didnt say anything.18、She is _ talking when I am watching TV.19、 Do you think I could borrow your calculator? _20、We must have the work _ before next Friday.B.I dont think so.C.Its deliciously.D.Its just my taste.A.I agree.B.

32、Well, thanks for coming.C.So do I.D.Yes, please.A.reflects B.reflected C.is reflectedD.is reflectingA.had readB.read C.was readingD.would have readA.to inviteB.of being invitedC.to be invitedD.having invitedA.Seriously injuredB.To be seriouslyC.Being injured seriouslyD.Having injuredA.is being raise

33、d2、 Im afraid I must go now. _.3、He is a popular movie star. His popularity _ in the high attendance at all his movie4、She was so interested in the book that she _ it for three hours before she realized 5、I feel its an honor _ to attend the opening ceremony of the new bank.6、_ in the leg, the soldie

34、r was sent to hospital at once.7、“The ceremony has already started.” “Look! The flag _ now.”B.is risenC.is being roseD.is raisingA.to meetB.to be meetC.not to meetD.not to be metA.Why not?B.No, theres no need.C.If you like.D.Really? A.to inviteB.of being invitedC.to be invitedD.having invitedA.being

35、 shownB.shown C.have showedD.to be showedA.Of course.B.Im afraid certainly.C.Yes, Im afraid not.D.I dont think so.A.being always bothered9、 Shall I help you move into your new flat? _ But thanks all the same.10、I feel its an honor _ to attend the opening ceremony of the new bank.11、After _ round the

36、 factory, they were taken to see a kindergarten.12、 Could you tell me something about your university? 8、When Mr. Smith failed _ us, we left without him.13、I dont want you _ your brains about such problems.B.always to be botheredC.to be always botheringD.to be always botheredA.Can it seeB.Can it be

37、seenC.Can seeD.Can be seeing itA.Its not well.B.Its your fault.C.Maybe youve made mistakes.D.Something may have gone wrong with it.A.have gradually being exhaustedB.has been gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhaustedA.Ask B.Asking C.Asked D.To askA.to pretendB.to be

38、pretendedC.pretending D.having pretendedA.always 17、_ what she would do, she didnt say anything.18、It is not much use _ you dont know.19、She is _ talking when I am watching TV.14、“Town Hall is the tallest building in the city.” “_ from here?”15、 My telephone isnt working properly. .16、The worlds sup

39、plies of copper _.20、_ that it was raining, he put on his raincoat._.ase._lready.e hours before she realized it.of the new bank.But thanks all the same.about you.of the new bank._ asleep._._of difficulties in his work._ asleep.s.difficulty.on held the day before yesterday.ase._? _ten ten so far.atte

40、ndance at all his movies.now.”e factory.lready.of difficulties in his work.dergarten.ere?”lone at night.on held the day before yesterday.ten ten so far.ase.? _.lready. now.”第23卷第3期2007年3月農業工程學報T ransacti ons of the CSA E V o l . 23N o. 3M ar . 2007 YT T P 75型菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統的研制與應用李文林, 黃鳳洪(中國農業科學院油料作物研究所,

41、 國家油菜工程技術研究中心, 武漢430062摘要:采用撞擊式原理設計開發出菜籽脫皮機, 采用流化懸浮分層和旋風分離原理設計開發出皮仁分離系統。適宜的菜籽脫皮工藝條件為菜籽含水率8%10%, 脫皮機甩料盤線速度54. 2261. 96m s , , 菜籽脫皮率達到95%以上, 粉末度在3%以下, 皮中含仁率小于1%, 仁中含皮率小于2%。P 75生產實踐應用, 獲得質量優良的脫皮菜籽冷榨油和脫皮菜籽餅粕, 關鍵詞:菜籽; 脫皮; 皮仁分離; 設備中圖分類號:T S 223. 2文獻標識碼:A 320098205李文林, 黃鳳洪. YT T P 75J . 農業工程學報, 2007, 23(3

42、:98-102.L iW enlin , H . licati on of YT T P 75rapeseed dehuller and separating system J . T ransac 2ti ons of the CSA E , (3 :192. (in Ch inese w ith English abstract 收稿日期:2006201210修訂日期:2006212229基金項目:國家“十五”重大科技專項(2001BA 501A 05 ; 農業科技成果轉化資金項目(2002720080751作者簡介:李文林(1977- , 男, 江西南康人, 碩士, 助理研究員, 主要從

43、事油料加工技術研究。武漢市武昌區徐東二路2號中國農業科學院油料作物研究所, 430062。Em ail :w enlinli 2005163. com0引言油菜是中國最主要的油料作物, 2004年全國油菜種植面積1. 10億畝, 年產1280萬t 菜籽1, 均占世界的1 3左右, 居世界首位。油菜籽含有豐富的營養成分, 其油脂含量在35%42%、粗蛋白含量在20%27%2, 因此油菜不僅是重要的油料資源, 也是一個巨大的植物蛋白資源。目前國內外菜籽主要采用帶皮加工工藝, 生產的餅粕蛋白含量低, 色澤深, 適口性差, 飼用效價低, 限制了菜籽蛋白的深層次開發利用, 生產的菜油品質也有待進一步提高

44、3-5。為了獲得高質量的菜籽餅粕和油脂, 近年來國內外開始了菜籽脫皮技術的研究6-10。菜籽含皮12%20%, 皮中只含有6%左右的脂肪和13%左右的粗蛋白, 但含有菜籽中大部分的粗纖維、單寧、色素等, 上述抗營養因子是影響菜籽餅粕適口性及蛋白營養品質的主要因素。菜籽脫皮加工不僅可提高餅粕蛋白含量和飼用效價, 改善餅粕的適口性, 還可提高菜油的質量, 減輕精煉負荷, 降低精煉成本, 另外菜籽脫皮后可提高后續設備生產能力, 降低電耗和設備磨損10-12。因此脫皮技術有利于提高菜籽加工的綜合經濟效益, 已成為國內外菜籽加工研究的熱點。菜籽籽粒微小、皮薄且皮仁結合緊密而難以脫皮。國際上現有的菜籽脫皮

45、技術有破碎式、搓碾式、剪切式、電擊式、氣動式等方式。德國的破碎式脫皮機對菜籽脫皮后油脂容易滲出, 造成仁、殼及其碎屑粘附, 難以分離7; 中國研究的綜合利用剪切、擠壓、搓碾等多種作用的脫皮機, 脫皮效率較高, 但設備結構復雜, 對原料含水率要求較高(<8% 10; 而電動式和氣動式脫皮機脫皮效果好, 但設備結構復雜, 制造成本高, 能耗大, 性能不穩定10。菜籽皮仁的分離一般利用篩選、風選等單個技術原理, 皮仁分離不徹底。德國斯凱特公司的分離設備利用皮仁在電磁場中所受電磁力不同來分離, 皮仁分離效果好, 但設備結構復雜, 制造成本高。因此有必要開發結構簡單、原料適應性廣、脫皮效率高、皮仁

46、分離效果好的菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統。本文是筆者在菜籽脫皮分離設備的研究和應用方面所做的工作介紹, 供同行參考。1YT T P 75型菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統的研制1. 1結構特點設計采用小型的撞擊式脫皮試驗裝置進行了試驗, 結果表明撞擊式脫皮原理由于其甩料盤線速度能方便地調節, 可根據原料菜籽含水率的不同選擇適當的撞擊力, 獲得高脫皮率和低粉末度, 且設備結構簡單, 造價低。因此結合菜籽的物理機械特性和生產中對菜籽脫皮的要求, 菜籽脫皮機選擇采用撞擊式原理。菜籽受到的撞擊力等于其受到撞擊時的離心力, 可由下式表示F c =m v 2r式中m 菜籽質量, kg; r 甩料盤半徑,m ;v 線速度,

47、m s -1。根據生產率要求和此式計算菜89 籽脫皮機的甩料盤半徑和工作線速度。撞擊式原理的菜籽脫皮機總體結構如圖1所示。在進料斗處設有調節管, 通過控制調節管下端出口與甩料盤之間的垂直距離來調節甩料盤中央空間的大小, 從而控制和調整進料量。甩料盤是脫皮機的關鍵部件, 甩料盤與立軸組件相聯, 盤面上設置有若干徑向通道, 在甩料盤的外圍對應安裝有與機殼相固聯的撞擊擋圈, 撞擊擋圈內壁為平滑面并與甩料盤隔開一段間距。通過交流變頻器控制的變速電機變速驅動, 可對甩料盤的線速度進行無級調速, 獲得適當的撞擊力, 保證脫皮質量 。圖1脫皮機結構簡圖F ig . 1Structural diagram o

48、f rapeseed dehuller1. 風機2. 擋風板3. 進風管箱4. 篩板5. 曲軸連桿6. 撥料器7. 進料機構8. 吸塵器9. 吸皮裝置10. 吸仁裝置11. 螺桿調節機構12. 出料端13. 旋風分離機構14. 閉風器15. 擺桿圖2皮仁分離機結構簡圖F ig . 2Structural diagram of separatingm ach ine of hull and kernel根據菜籽皮、仁、籽的密度、粒度和氣流懸浮速度等物化性質差異, 采取流化懸浮分層和旋風分離原理, 發揮多種分離技術的綜合優勢, 進行菜籽皮仁的高效分離。皮仁分離機總體結構如圖2所示。在進風管箱與風機

49、相通的進風管處安設一可調擋風板, 以控制進風量, 風機的進風口裝有空氣過濾網, 保證進風的空氣干凈無塵。篩板與曲軸連桿相聯, 帶動篩板作小幅振動, 振幅為6mm , 振動頻率為60360次 m in 可調。篩面由細砂粘結而成, 使篩面致密而通透性好, 以保證氣流暢通而混合物料不至于從篩面上泄漏, 篩面從進料端至出料端水平下傾02. 2°可調, 。篩面上分, 通過管道與旋, ; 在吸皮和吸仁裝, 以調節吸皮和吸仁裝置相對篩, 產生不同吸力, 可以分別將皮和仁吸走。表1菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統的主要參數T able 1Specificati ons of the rapeseed dehu

50、llerand separating system 參數數值脫皮機甩料盤直徑 mm 740脫皮機撞擊擋圈直徑 mm 800脫皮機甩料盤線速度 m s -138. 73116. 18脫皮機電機功率 k W 15脫皮機外型尺寸 mm1253×1160×1900皮仁分離機篩板振動頻率 次m in -160360皮仁分離機篩面傾斜度(° 02. 2皮仁分離機吸皮裝置相對篩面距離 mm 2. 04. 0皮仁分離機吸仁裝置相對篩面距離 mm 0. 52. 0皮仁分離機電機功率 k W10皮仁分離機外型尺寸(主體部分 mm 3650×2650×2440生產能

51、力 t h -1341. 2工作機理菜籽脫皮機的工作機理:甩料盤高速旋轉, 菜籽經進料斗落入甩料盤后, 在離心力的作用下, 菜籽沿著甩料盤的徑向通道向外加速拋出, 高速沖擊到擋圈上, 由碰撞作用使菜籽的皮破裂脫離籽仁, 籽仁分為兩片自然分瓣的半仁, 從而實現菜籽的脫皮。脫皮后的皮仁混合物在重力作用下落入出料口, 進入下一道分離加工工序。調節變頻器改變甩料盤的線速度, 使菜籽獲得適當的撞擊力。皮仁分離機的工作機理:菜籽皮仁混合物料經進料裝置均勻散落于篩板上, 緊鄰進料裝置的吸塵器先將物料中所含的少量粉塵吸除。隨著物料在流化篩板上的向前運行, 由于篩板的振動和向上氣流的作用, 篩面上的混合物料按質量不同, 從上到下分為皮、仁和未脫皮的籽粒等3層。通過調節吸料裝置的吸引力, 吸料裝置依次將懸浮在篩板上層的皮和仁吸走; 最后剩下少量未脫皮菜籽從篩板的出料端再次進入脫皮機, 而皮和仁分別通過各自的旋風分離機構與空氣分離后收集。99第3期李文林等:YT T P 75型菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統的研制與應用 2菜籽脫皮工藝研究在開發出YT T P 75型菜籽脫皮與皮仁分離系統的基礎上, 進一