1、英語閱讀理解不同體裁閱讀方法記敘文不同體裁的文章，作者的寫作手法不同，表達的方式千差萬別。體裁不同，要求使用的閱讀方法也不一樣。因此，掌握不同體裁的文章的閱讀方法有助于我們提高閱讀效率、加深對文章的理解、提高閱讀速度。下面分別談談記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文的閱讀方法和技巧。第一節記敘文的閱讀方法記敘文講述的是發生在當前或過去或將來事情的經過。簡而言之，記敘文就是講故事，包括人物或故事情節。常見的記敘文根據其用途可分為文學記敘文和說明記敘文：文學記敘文以虛構為主，如趣聞逸事、傳說、寓言、傳奇故事、短篇小說、科幻小說等；說明記敘文以事實為依據，包括歷史、傳記、新聞報道、日記等。無論哪一種記敘文

2、作者都要交代何人何時何地為什么、怎么樣、干了何事等等，這也就是我們常說的5Wsand1H。這是我們在閱讀記敘文時要首先了解的，接著按照線索弄清事情的來龍去脈，就能理解整個故事。特別值得注意的是：記敘文的敘事順序有順敘和倒敘兩種，有時候作者為了吸引讀者會采用倒敘的方法，即不按照事情發展的先后順序來敘述，而是從最重要、最能引人入勝的事件開始，然后再回過頭來追敘故事的開端和經過。閱讀時要學會從事情本身的發展去理解故事情節而不要只看事件在文中出現的先后位置。另外，講故事必定有其目的：或證明某一理論，或闡明某一概念，或贊美某種美德，或譴責某種罪惡等等。我們在閱讀時要通過作者的重要細節描寫聯系故事情節去領

3、會作者的意圖，對作者重墨潑就的細節描寫要重點關注。概括起來一句話：讀記敘文的關鍵是抓情節。抓住了故事情節，就理解了文章的脈絡，其他的就迎刃而解了。下面請閱讀一篇記敘文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情節。（05浙江卷A篇）CompassionisadesirewithinustohelpothersWitheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoactionAnexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrueIworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderlyTheseo

4、ldpeopleareourmaincustomers,anditsnothardtolosepatienceovertheirslownessButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister（收款機）withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewasoutofcash（現金），hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefo

5、odontrust.Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday.Icouldnthelpstaringathim.Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway.Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld.ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidntallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidandunkindsayi

6、ngthis,butIvaluedmyjob.Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup.Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable.Chargeittome,wasallhesaid.WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither.ThenIreachedintomyp

7、ocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.解析：故事采用順敘的敘事方法，主要情節發展如下：Oneagedgentlemanbeggedmetohavethefoodontrustandpromisedtorepaythenextday.Itoldhimthestorerulesdidntallowmetodoso.Anothermanwantedmetochargethefoodtohim.Ipaidforth

8、ebiscuitsmyself.作者用第一人稱講述自己親身經歷的這段故事，讓人覺得親切可信，同時也增強了文章的感染力。作者說自己通過這段故事學會了compassion（同情），事實上也是在號召讀者多伸出同情之手，共建和諧社會。抓住了故事的情節，了解了作者的寫作意圖。再來做理解題，就容易多了。請看看下面幾道理解題：41Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits.ApromisedtoobeythestorerulesBforgottotakeanymoneywithhimChopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylaterDcouldno

9、taffordanythingmoreexpensive42Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?AkindandluckyBpoorandlonelyCfriendlyandhelpfulDhurtanddisappointed43Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause.AhewantedtokeephispresentjobBhefeltnopityfortheoldgentlemanCheconsideredtheoldmandishonestDheexpectedsomeoneelsetop

10、ayfortheoldman44Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?AWealthismoreimportantthananythingelse.BHelpingothersiseasiersaidthandone.CExperienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.DObeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.（參考答案：CBAB）【實戰演練練習十六】（05天津卷C篇）Thehousewasquietat5Am.andTimsmotherwasasleep.Onlythesoundof

11、thebigfreezerbrokethequiet.Heddreamtofthecavelastnight?Thepurring（輕微顫動聲）ofthefreezerhadbeenthesea.Timpulledonasweaterandputsomeapplesintohisschoolbag.Itwastooearlyforbreakfast.Hedeatafterhedbeenthroughthecave,sittingontherocksandstaringattheseAHewishedhehadaproperpack.Hisschoolbagwouldhavetodo.Whate

12、lse?Sandwichesbuthismothermightwakeupifhestartedpullingoutbreadforsandwiches,shedwanttoknowwhyhehadtoleavesoearly.Hesettledforsomebiscuits,andleftanotestucktothetable.GonetoMichaelsBacktonight.Tim.Theskywashighandsoftandlightoutside,thoughthesunstillwasntup.Eventhehighwayupthehillwasquietashemadehis

13、waydownthestreet.Thewindfromtheseawasfreshandsweet.Thesandhillsstillbreathedheatfromyesterdayssun,thoughthetopofthesandwascool.Herandowntothebeachimpatiently,buttherewasnoone,justdrysanddancingintheearlywindandseabirdsmarchingupanddownwatchingthewaves.Thelightchangedsuddenly.Thefirstraysofsunlightst

14、retched（延伸）acrossthesea.ThesunwaspushingitswayovertheedgeoftheworldOverthefirstrocks,alongtothepoint.Timglancedback.Thebeachwasstillempty.Thesunsailedhigherinthesky.Hecouldseethecavenow,evendarkerinthemorninglight.Thesandturnedsilverthendarkgoldasthewaterflowedawayfromit.Hehadtoforcehimselftogoclose

15、r.Whywasitsomuchmoremysterious（神秘）now?Butitwouldbesillytogobacknowaftersomuchtrouble.Heneedntgoinalltheway43WhatdidTimdoatthebeginningofthestory?AHeleftthehousequietly.BHehadbreakfastathome.CHeleftanoteonthefreezer.DHeputasweaterinhisschoolbag.44Hesettledforsomebiscuits（inParagraph3）meansthatTim.Aha

16、dtoleavethebiscuitsonthetable.BlikedbiscuitsbetterthansandwichesChadtotakebiscuitsinsteadofsandwichesDcouldonlyfindsomebiscuitsinthekitchen45WhatmadeitpossibleforTimtoseetheentrytothecave?ATheheightofthefirstrocks.BTheupsanddownsofthewaves.CThechangeinthepositionofthesun.DThevaststretchofthesunlitbe

17、ach.46WhishofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothestory?AThesealookedlikeapieceofgoldBSeabirdsflewawaywhenTimarrivedCTimwastheonlypersononthebeach.DTheskygotdarkasTimreachedthecave.47Inthestory,Timsmood（心情）changedfrom.AlonelinesstocrazinessBanxiousnesstoexcitementChelplessnesstohappinessDeagern

18、esstonervousness【實戰演練練習十七】（05上海卷B篇）Comein.Kim.Haveaseat,please.saidBillWilliams,themanager.ThiswasKimsfirstexperiencewithanassessment.Afteronlysixmonthshewasdueforaraiseifthisassessmentwassatisfactory.Kim,beganBillWilliams.Iamverypleasedwiththequalityofyourwork.Ihavenothingbutpraiseforyourdevotionan

19、dyourhardwork.Myonlyconcernisthatyouarenotactiveenoughinputtingforwardyoursuggestions.But,RepliedKim,Ihavealwayscompletedeveryassignmentyouhavegivenme.Mr.Williams.Iknowthat,Kim.Andplease,callmeBill.ButwhatIexpectisforyoutothinkindependentlyandintroducenewideas.Ineedmoreinputfromyoumorefeedbackonhowt

20、hingsaregoingIdontneedayesman.Younevertellmewhatyouthink.Youjustsmileasthougheverythingisfine.But,saidKim,Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Imnotaskingyoutotellmewhattodo,butwhatyouthinkwecoulddo.Tomakesuggestions.IemployedyoubecauseIrespectyourexperienceinthi

21、sfield,butyouarenotcommunicatingyourthoughtstome.Yes.IseeImnotaccustomedtothis,butIwilltrytodoasyousay,BillGood,then,Iexpecttohearmorefromyouatstaffmeetingsoratanyothertimeyouwanttodiscussanideawithme.Yes,ofcourse.ThankyouMr.WillBill.69Kimisthesortofemployeewho.AdoesnotspeakouthisownideasBisnotdevot

22、edtothejobClaughstoomuchoverworkDcannotfinishhisworkontime70Thewordpresumptuousinthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.AfullofrespectBtooconfidentandrudeClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquiet71Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.AKimhasbeeninvitedtotakechargeofthestaffmeetingsBthemanagerappreciatesthosew

23、hojustdowhathetellsthemtodoCthemanagerispleasedwithKimshardworkandhissuggestionsDKimislikelytohaveahighersalaryifhecanpasstheassessment【實戰演練練習十八】（06安徽卷B篇）PeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944,whenshestarredinNationalVelvet-thestoryofVelvetBrown,ayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace,Atfir

24、st,theproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.However,theywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrainedandaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!HeractinginNationalVelvetisstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin1932Herparents,bothAmeri

25、cans,hadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldwarIIstarted,theTaylormovedtoBeverlyHills,California,andthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.Afterhersuccessasachildstar,Taylorhadnotroublemovingintoadult（成人）rolesandwontwiceforBestActress:Butterfield8（1960）andWhosAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?（1966）Taylorsfame（名聲）andpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,soshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963,shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatrathehighestpayreceivedbyanystarupt