1、How to get along with your RoommateUnit twoText APre-reading QuestionvDo you think having a roommate has more advantages or disadvantages?v Do you think living with a roommate is a challenging experience?v Would you prefer to live by yourself or to share a dormitory?vWhy?Happen tov1.be the experienc

2、e of somebody 發(fā)生發(fā)生在在身上身上I believe that life is 10% what happens to me and 90% how I react to it.v2.have the( good or bad) fortune to (do sth) 碰巧碰巧 Do you happen to know where King Street is? instead & instead of 代替1) instead 副詞 可放在句首,中,末Instead, they light their homes with oil lamps.2) instead o

3、f 介詞+N or V-ingI will go to the library instead of staying in the dorm.vCommunication doesnt mean leaving your roommate a note when youre upset.v交流并不意味當(dāng)你感到不安時(shí)給你室友留張便條.upsetvAdj. troubled, hurt emotionally 心煩心煩消化不良的胃消化不良的胃: an upset stomach心煩意亂的父母心煩意亂的父母: upset parentsvV. (cause sth to) become overtu

4、rned or spilt 打翻打翻,攪亂攪亂Sorry, I upset the milk all over the table.benefit1. N. profit, gain 利益 好處She received a benefit for her good work, a pay increase.2. V. gain 受益benefit+ sb/sth 幻燈片 9benefit+ from/by + sth 幻燈片 103. Phrase for ones own benefit in order to help sb 幻燈片 11vA week-long National Day

5、and the International Labor Day holiday benefits both people and the national economy. 我們應(yīng)該把錢(qián)花在大家都能受益的地方vWe should spend money on something that will benefit everyone. BenefitvThough they failed in the experiment, they benefited from the experience. 到底是誰(shuí)會(huì)從這些變革中直接受益?Who exactly stands to benefit from

6、 these changes? benefitvIt is for your own benefit that you get insurance.v買保險(xiǎn)是為了你自身的利益.organize 組織V. plan or arrange something to happenvorganize + sthThey can pay a professional wedding planner to organize the wedding and party.vorganize + (sb/sth) + to VThe labor union organized all the workers t

7、o go on strike(罷工).N. organization 機(jī)構(gòu),團(tuán)體;組織WHT= The World Health Organizationinclude: have as part of a whole 包括包含vinclude + sth/sb 幻燈片幻燈片 15vinclude + v-ing 幻燈片幻燈片 16vinclude + wh-clause 幻燈片幻燈片 17inclusive adj.包含的包含的,包括的包括的an inclusive survey 綜合調(diào)查綜合調(diào)查vThis include the cost of food and living at the

8、 school.v你應(yīng)該在你文章里舉一些例子You should include some examples in your essay. include: have as part of a whole 包括包含vThese methods include removing containers of water where mosquitoes could lay their eggs. include: have as part of a whole 包括包含vThese environmental influences include how people live and what

9、they eat, drink, breathe and smoke.treat v.1). 對(duì)待 act in a certain way towards sbThe boy was told to treat his parents with more respect.2). 款待 entertain at one owns expensetreat + sb/oneself + to + sthMy friend treated me to a birthday party.3). 治療 give medical aid to treat & cureN. Treatment 待

10、遇,對(duì)待;處理, 治療His treatment of the animal was cruel.幻燈片 18treat & curevtreat + sb + for + a diseaseThe doctor treated the boy for a rare(罕見(jiàn)的) skin disease.vcure + sb + of a diseaseThe doctor cured her of cancer. treat v. in return 作為回報(bào)be aware of have knowledge or realization of (sth or sb) be awar

11、e of + sthA news paper reporter must be aware of current events. be aware + that-clause“were you aware that you were speeding?” the police asked the driver.vannoy v. cause anger to 騷擾，使苦惱 annoy + sb be annoyed + to VHe was annoyed to learn that he would not be able to catch the train be annoyed + at

12、 + sthHe was annoyed at the way he was treated. be annoyed + with + sbI was annoyed with him by keeping me waiting.structurevIt is + adj + to do sth it 形式主語(yǔ),多用于真正主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)的情況It is essential to develop some house rules.和室友相處時(shí),制定一些寢室的規(guī)章制度是有必要的It is not fun to live in a dirty one. make sure make sth without

13、 doubt make sure + of/about sthI will make sure of the arrival time of the plane. make sure + that-clauseI want to make sure (that) I get the right gift for her birthday.cause vcause V. make sth happen cause + sth + (to sb)The discovery did not cause much excitement (to him).cause + sb/sth + to VIt

14、could cause food prices to rise.cause and reasonvcause 用于表示具有明顯因果關(guān)系,由環(huán)境,條件,事件或外力等引起的原因,后多接of.Heavy rain was the cause of the flood.vreason 通常含有 “理由”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明某種行為的動(dòng)機(jī), 后多接for.His reason for going back to school is to learn new things. be used to + N / V-ing 習(xí)慣于I may oversleep, because I am not used to

15、getting up so early. used to + V 慣常, 過(guò)去常常(做某事)I used to get up early in the morning when I was in high school.translation1.It is essential to get along well with your residence-hall roommate.2. Communication means speaking up and respecting other persons opinion.3. It seems to be a challenge to get

16、through three years of college life.4. Live by the agreement you made, and others will respect you in return.5. Our teacher looks sad today, but no one is aware of what has happened to him.6. Keep in mind that if you have problems with your friends, you should talk them through. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里

17、所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3)在主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái).John said he would come to pick me up if he had time.4) wish, wonder, think, hope

18、 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式.在動(dòng)詞后加-ed或-d worked stayed wanted lived.“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先將 y 變?yōu)?I ，再加 -ed。如: studied, tried.重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加 -ed（以x結(jié)尾的詞除外），如： stopstopped plan-plannedv注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did

19、 you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.Could you lend me your bike? would rather + did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)v1.構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。 2.用法 （1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如： -Have you h

20、ad lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了 ）（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).如: He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書(shū)。（可能還要繼續(xù)教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。 （3）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice, ever, ne

21、ver, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用，如：用，如： yesterday昨天，last year去年，two years ago兩年之前，in 1999在一

22、九九九年， just now剛才等。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)v和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都和現(xiàn)在密切相關(guān)，這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有 1.表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ) for達(dá).之久，since自從.以來(lái)，in the last few years在最近幾年來(lái) 2.表示不確定的時(shí)間副詞表示不確定的時(shí)間副詞 just剛剛，before以前，recently最近3.表示不確定的時(shí)間副詞 already已經(jīng)，yet已經(jīng)（用于否定,疑問(wèn)句），never從不，ever曾經(jīng)，not.yet尚未 4.包含現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this year今年，n

23、ow現(xiàn)在，so far至今為止。 如：Now I have finished the work. Have you seen Tom today?gracious mannersUnit 2Etiquette (禮節(jié)禮節(jié)) and Manners in the United States Behavior Teaching TipsListeningPracticeText StudyFun TimeWork BookUnit 2 Business conversations may take place during meals. However, many times you will f

24、ind more social conversation taking place during the actual meal. Business meetings may be arranged as breakfast meetings, luncheon meetings, or dinner meetings depending on time schedules and necessity. Generally a dinner, even though for business purposes, is treated as a social meal and a time to

25、 build rapport (和諧和諧, , 親善親善). ListeningPracticeText StudyFun TimeWork BookUnit 2 Gift giving is discouraged or l i m i t e d b y m a n y U S companies. A gracious written note is always appropriate and acceptable. If you do give a gift, it should not appear to be a bribe (賄賂賄賂). An invitation for a

26、 meal or a modest gift is usually acceptable. ListeningPracticeText StudyFun TimeWork BookUnit 2ListeningPracticeText StudyFun TimeWork Book If you are someplace with a line or queue, go to the end and wait your turn. Do not use or chew on a toothpick in public. Many public places and private homes

27、do not allow smoking. In some areas laws have been passed to prevent smoking in public places. Etiquette and Manners in China Behavior Do not use large hand movements. The Chinese do not speak with their hands. Your movements may be distracting to your host. Personal contact must be avoided at all c

28、ost. It is highly inappropriate for a man to touch a woman in public. Do not point when speaking. To point do not use your index finger (食指食指), use an open palm (手掌手掌). It is considered improper to put your hand in your mouth. Avoid acts that involve the mouth. Gift giving is a very delicate issue i

29、n China It is illegal to give gifts to a government official; however, it has become more commonplace in the business world. It is more acceptable to give gifts either in private or to a group as a whole to avoid embarrassment. The most acceptable gift is a banquet. Quality writing pens as considere

30、d favored gifts. The following gifts are associated with death and should not be given: clocks, straw sandals, handkerchiefs. Always arrive on time or early if you are the guest. Do not discuss business at meals. Do not start to eat or drink prior to the host. As a cultural courtesy, you should tast

31、e all the dishes you are offered. Sample meals only, there may be several courses. Never place your chopsticks straight up in your bowl. By placing your sticks upright in your bowl, you will remind your host of joss (神像神像, ,佛像佛像) sticks which connotes death. Do not drop the chopsticks, as it is cons

32、idered bad luck. Do not eat all of your meal. If you eat all of your meal, the Chinese will assume you did not receive enough food and are still hungry. Women do not usually drink at meals. Unit 2 Being on time is vital in China. Appointments are a must for business. Contacts should be made prior to

33、 your trip. Bring several copies of all written documents for your meetings. The decision making process is slow. You should not expect to conclude your business swiftly. Many Chinese will want to consult with the stars or wait for a lucky day before they make a decision. Present and receive cards w

34、ith both hands. Never write on a business card or put it in your wallet or pocket. Carry a small card case. The most important member of your company or group should lead important meetings. Chinese value rank and status. ListeningPracticeText StudyFun TimeWork BookTake the long-lost art of saying t

35、hank you.take = takeas an example 例如人們?cè)缫褋G失了例如人們?cè)缫褋G失了說(shuō)說(shuō)“謝謝你謝謝你”的禮節(jié)。的禮節(jié)。vLike wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying thank you can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you.就像涂唇膏梳理頭發(fā)一樣，養(yǎng)成說(shuō)就像涂唇膏梳理頭發(fā)一樣，養(yǎng)成說(shuō)“謝

36、謝你謝謝你”的習(xí)慣，的習(xí)慣，你會(huì)擁有更好的自我感覺(jué)，周圍的人也會(huì)對(duì)你有更你會(huì)擁有更好的自我感覺(jué)，周圍的人也會(huì)對(duì)你有更好的感覺(jué)。好的感覺(jué)。v主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ): 動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞詞組getting into the habit of saying thank you。vlike 和和 as 都有都有 “像像”, “如同如同” 的意思。但的意思。但是這兩個(gè)詞的詞性不一樣，因此用法也不一是這兩個(gè)詞的詞性不一樣，因此用法也不一樣。樣。like是介詞，后面跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞；是介詞，后面跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞；as是是連接詞，后面跟從句。例如連接詞，后面跟從句。例如：v1) I have always wanted a bike

37、 like yours.v2) Why didnt you take the subway as I told you?get /fall into the habit of acquire the habit of doing somethingvHe fell into the habit of smoking when he was in high school.vHe got into the habit of taking a walk after supper.v【反義詞【反義詞】break the habit of vThe doctor asked him to break t

38、he habit of smoking. 使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞make + somebody + 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式v1) He made me stay for tea. v2) John made the little girl tell him everything. v當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，不帶當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，不帶to的不定式轉(zhuǎn)的不定式轉(zhuǎn)為帶為帶to的不定式。的不定式。 例如例如：The little girl was made to tell John everything. uglyv1. adj. unpleasant to look at or to hear 丑陋

39、的丑陋的, 難難看的看的, 難聽(tīng)的難聽(tīng)的,vThey say that too many high buildings make a city look ugly.van ugly man 丑陋的人丑陋的人vugly furniture 難看的家具難看的家具v2. adj. offensive or hostile 令人討厭的或有敵意的令人討厭的或有敵意的van ugly remark 令人討厭的評(píng)論令人討厭的評(píng)論van ugly rumor 惡意的謠傳惡意的謠傳wonderv1. n. feeling of surprise mixed with admiration, bewilderme

40、nt or disbelief 奇跡奇跡, 驚奇驚奇, 驚愕驚愕vShe gazed with wonder at the beautiful night sky.【短語(yǔ)【短語(yǔ)】do /work wondershave good effect 創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)造奇跡奇跡The people really did wonder in building the railway into the Tibet.v2. v. feel great surprise or admiration 對(duì)對(duì).感到感到驚訝驚訝, 驚奇驚奇vThe mysterious motion of Mars has caused so

41、 many people to wonder. v wonder + at + somethingvMany people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.v3. v. express an interest in knowing 對(duì)對(duì).感到疑惑，感到疑惑，想知道想知道v wonder + clausevYou may wonder how anything can live in this extreme environment of a desert.receive1. V get, accept or take 收到,接到 recei

42、ve + sthValentines day is a special time for love. Millions of people will receive flowers, chocolate or some other gift.2. V. allow someone to enter as guest 接待 receive + sbShe stood by the gate of the restaurant to receive her guestsVN reception 接待; 招待會(huì);接收Cable TV gives good reception.receive &

43、; acceptv receive 表示接受所給予或送交的東西,是被動(dòng)行為.v accept 表示樂(lè)意接受所給予提供的東西,是主動(dòng)行為.vShe has received his present, but she will not accept it.attendv1. v. be present at 出席出席, 參加參加 vattend + somethingvThey attend classes in the evening or on weekends designed especially for working people.v2. v. take care of 照顧照顧, 護(hù)

44、理護(hù)理vWhich doctor is attending you?v【詞綴【詞綴】v1) attendance n. 出席出席, 出席的人數(shù)出席的人數(shù), 伺候伺候, v2) attendantn. 服務(wù)員服務(wù)員be in moodv1. be in state of ones feelings or mind at a particular time 心情心情, 情緒情緒vHe is often in a bad mood on Monday.v2. be in the mood + to Vfeel like doing something 有做某事的心思或興致有做某事的心思或興致vHel

45、en seems to be in no mood to tell her daughter a bed-time story today. giftv1. N. thing given willing without payment, present 禮物v2. natural talent or ability 天賦vHe is a man of many gifts.v短語(yǔ): have a gift for sth/V-ing sthvShe has a gift for music.value 1. have a high opinion of something or somebod

46、y value + sb/sth + ( as + sth)Do you still value me as a friend? 2. estimate the money value of sth value + sth + (at sth)Some experts value the first Japanese telephone card at about 28, 000 pounds. for sbs sake /for the sake of somebody/something v in order to help somebody 為了為了.的緣故的緣故vPlease fast

47、en your seatbelt for the sake of your safety. vI hope you are studying not just for your parents sake. vThats where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most.v這是最至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)榧胰耸俏覀兊淖類?ài)。這是最至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)榧胰耸俏覀兊淖類?ài)。v本句有三個(gè)從句本句有三個(gè)從句:vwhere引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句vbecause引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句v省略了省略了who的定語(yǔ)從句的

48、定語(yǔ)從句 takefor grantedvtake +something/somebody + for grantedvShe often tells her students not to take things for granted.v take it for granted + that-clausevHe speaks English so well that I took it for granted that he was a native speaker. vI took it for granted that you will go with us to the party.

49、 Section AA. OK. B. Yes, I am. C. All right. D. I have no idea. John, will you be free tomorrow? 1)Mary, may I ask you a favour? A. Fine, but why?B. Sure, what is it?C. Yes, never mind.D. Thank you for your help.How beautiful your skirt is! A. Its expensive. B. I dont think so. C. You are welcome. D

50、. Thank you. 2)3)Wont you let me pay for it?A. No, I wont hear of it. B. No, Im sorry.C. Yes, I will pay for it. D. Yes, how much is it? Is that a new mobile phone you have?A. Thats a nice one. B. I like it very much. C. It is the same with yoursD. Why yes. I just bought it. 4)5)Section B M: Would y

51、ou like to join me at the restaurant for dinner? W: I would love to but I need to get some money at the bank. Q: Where is the woman going now?A. School. B. the bank.C. Home.D. the restaurant.6) M: Well, I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But its not yet eight. In fact, its only a quarter

52、to eight. Q: At what time does the office open?A. At 7:45.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:15.D. At 8:30. W: Would you like to have some beer? M: No, thanks. Im driving. Q: What does the man mean?A. He likes beer. B. He enjoys driving.C. He will give the woman a ride.D. He shouldnt drink beer now.7)8) W: The blue T-shirts sell for $4.50 and the yellow ones for $3.50. M: Ill take the cheaper one then. Q: What kind T- shirt will the man buy?A. The blue T-shirt.B. The yellow T-shirt