1、 . 河南教育學院本科畢業論文學號： 11 呼嘯山莊中的愛與恨院 系：外 語 系專 業 名 稱：英 語 年 級： 2009 級 普 本 姓 名：吳 玲指 導 教 師：孔麗霞2013年 5 月 28 日 17 / 27小三、Times New Roman、居中，斜體，1.5倍行距Love and Hatred in Wuthering Heights小三、Times New Roman、居中，1.5倍行距A ThesisSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in

2、 English親筆簽名ByWu LingForeign Languages DepartmentHenan Institute of EducationSupervisor: Kong Lixia Signature: _ May, 2013Times New Roman、3號，加粗，居中AcknowledgmentsMany people have made invaluable contributions, both directly and indirectly to my research. I would like to express my gratitude to all th

3、ose who helped me during the writing of the thesis. Firstly, I would like to express my warmest gratitude to Professor Kong Lixia, my supervisor, for her instructive suggestions and valuable comments on the writing of this thesis. Secondly, I was indebted to all the teachers in the Henan Institute o

4、f Education, who taught and helped me in the past four years. Besides, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these days. And I wish to thank all my fellow classmates who gave me help and time in listening to me and helping me w

5、ork out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.At last, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the author whose words I have cited or quoted, and to the scholars upon whose ideas I have freely drawn. 容 摘 要呼嘯山莊是一部愛情悲劇，女作家艾米麗·勃朗特的唯一一部小說。艾米麗·勃朗特在書中集中描寫主人公之間的愛恨情仇，其中主要描

6、寫的是希斯克利夫和凱瑟琳娜之間的愛與恨。一經問世便遭到無情的指責和徹底的否定，然而，就像逗留在“蒙娜麗莎”嘴角邊的微笑，呼嘯山莊顯示出了一種永久的藝術魅力。經過暴風雨的打擊，迎來了熱烈的喝彩。許多人認為它是一部哥特式小說，充滿可怖與殘酷的場景。然而，換一個角度重新審視一下，不難發現它的魅力來源于書中令人驚心動魄的愛恨情仇。呼嘯山莊中表達出來的那種狂飆般的愛與恨，這種情感才是人類情感的極致，唯有極致化的情感，性格和經歷才能打動我們讀者的心弦。書中所描述的是怎樣的愛情讓人既羨慕又害怕，是怎樣的仇恨讓人痛恨的同時，又充滿惋惜和同情？又是怎樣的原因造成了如此悲劇的結局？關鍵詞：呼嘯山莊；希斯克利夫；凱

7、瑟琳娜；愛恨情仇Times New Roman、3號，加粗，居中AbstractWuthering Heights is not a pretty love story and is the only novel of authoress Emily Bronte. Most parts of this work written by Emily Bronte are devoted to the description of the mixed love and hatred among characters, and the most impressive emotions are the

8、 love and hatred between Heathcliff and Catherine. Upon its first appearance of the novel and for some years afterwards, it was much neglected and regarded as excessively morbid and violent. However, it also demonstrates an everlasting artistic charm like the smile staying on the Mona Lisas corners

9、of mouth. Through the attack of storm, Wuthering Heights gains a warm applause. Many people treat it as a Gothic Novel, which is full of horrible and cruel scenes. However, if we review it from another point of view, its easy for us to find that its charming is due to a thrilling love and hatred. Th

10、e surge of love and hatred in Wuthering Heights are the perfection of human emotions, and only those kinds of emotion, disposition and experience can move we readers hearts. Which kind of love on earth it is in the work that makes people envy with fears? And which kind of hatred it is that makes peo

11、ple hate and at the same time feel sorry and sympathy? And whats the reasons of such kind of the tragedy?Key words:Wuthering Heights;Heathcliff; Catherine; love and hatredContentsAcknowledgmentsiAbstract in ChineseiiAbstract in Englishiii1.Introduction1二級標題、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、縮進4字母2. The Love Be

12、tween Heathcliff and Catherine3 2.1 Childhood32.2 Adulthood52.3 Reasons for the Change6三級標題、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、縮進8個字母2.3.1 Social Pressure62.3.2 Catherines True Nature 73. Hatred of Heathcliff93.1 Hatred for the two Families9 3.1.1 Hatred for Hindley9 3.1.2 Hatred for Edgar Linton103.2 Hatred fo

13、r Catherine114. Conclusion13Bibliography141. Introduction Emily Bronte was an English novelist and poet and one of the three Bronte sisters, best remembered for her solitary novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. She was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, on July 30, 181

14、8. Emily moved to Haworth, Yorkshire with her family in the year of 1820, and lived there for the rest of her life. Her father, Patrick Bronte, was a Yorkshire clergyman of Irish origin. Her mother, Maria Branwell, was a gentle and delicate woman, who invariably looked upon the bright side of every

15、trouble. In September 1821, her mother died of cancer when Emily was only three years old. At the age of six, Emily joined her sisters at a charity school called the Clergy Daughters school for a brief period. After leaving the charity school Emily and her sister Charlotte studied at home with their

16、 brother Branwell. At this time the sisters and the brother started to write. In order to support their family Emily and her two sisters, Charlotte and Anne, often had to go out to work as school teacher or private governess. At that time a governess got a low salary and was looked down upon. In 182

17、4, Emily accompanied Charlotte to the Héger Pensionnat in Brussels, Belgium, where they attended the girls academy run by Constantin Héger. Hégerseems to have impressed with the strength of Emilys character, “she should have been a man-navigator”. Emily had no experience of love affai

18、rs and had spent most of her life in an isolated circumstance with an irresistible love for the moors of Yorkshire. Emily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was a child of nature. Except housework, she spent all her life on it. She was never tired of staying outside in the open moorland in all weat

19、hers and never at ease when she was away from it. In her eyes, the gloomiest heaths will blossom even delicate and charming flowers than rose; in her heart, one dark valley on a livid hillside will become a paradise. She fined much fun on the desolate lonely place. It could be said that its the moor

20、s which present her with infinite inspiration to create Wuthering Heights and in fact, the background of this story was just this environment of asperity. Wuthering Heights was published in 1847, which was much neglected and regarded as excessively morbid and violent. It was not until 1850, when Wut

21、hering Heights received a second printing with an introduction by Emilys sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. It is a novel of “extraordinary intellectual power with its solitary outcast hero and its image of a l

22、ove which reaches beyond the grave”( Heather Glen, 2004: 95). Geoffrey Moore said in a foreword: “ There are few more convincing, less sentimental accounts of passionate love than Wuthering Heights.” In The Novel and the People Ralph Fox, the progressive English literary critic, writes: “Wuthering H

23、eights is certainly the novel become poetry, it is beyond all doubt one of the most extraordinary books which human genius has ever produced. Catherine and Heathcliff are the revenge of love against the nineteenth century.”Wuthering Heights is the name of an old house, high up on the Yorkshire moors

24、, occupied by the Earnshaw family, including Mr. Earnshaw, his son Hindley and his daughter Catherine. Its core theme is the enduring love between the heroine, Catherine Earnshaw, and her fathers adopted son, Heathcliff and how it eventually destroys their lives and the lives of those around them.2.

25、 The Love Between Heathcliff and CatherineThe love between the two is pure, long-lasting and however violent. Heathcliffs love for Catherine is eternal that nothing can separate him from Catherine even death. While Catherines love is selfish. She loves Heathcliff for the nature of the two is the sam

26、e, however, she can not marry him because his low reputation will ruin hers. So she betrays him, which has destroyed lives of the two and other lives of those around them, and marries Edgar for whose richness and high reputation.2.1 ChildhoodThis story happens under the background of Wuthering Heigh

27、ts, the name of an old house, high up on the Yorkshire moors, occupied by the Earnshaw family. Thirty years earlier, Earnshaw brings a child who has been living the life of a waif in the slums of Liverpool, rears him as one of his own children and gives him the name of Heathcliff. Mr. Earnshaws teen

28、age son Hindley becomes bitterly jealous because much more attention of his father is paid upon Heathcliff, whom he treats badly. While the heroine Catherine Earnshaw likes him and plays with him all the daytime on the moors. Sooner they build a deep friendship and are fond of each other during the

29、reaction against the oppression of Hindley. Catherine and Heathcliff are very intimates because of their same world outlook. They are both children of the wild, rebellions to the conventional etiquettes. As stated by Qiao Dongyue, “As Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights , when they live in

30、 the solitary and sorrowful place, they well understand the fates of each other and rise in rebellion on the basis of their common rate and feeling.” (Qiao Dongyue, 1997: 21) This idea is best expressed from the social viewpoint of Arnold Kettle in his introduction to the English novel. “Against thi

31、s degradation Catherine and Heathcliff rebel, hurling their books into the dog-kettle. And in their revolt they discover deep and passionate need of each other. He, the outcast slummy, turns to the lovely, spirited, fearless girl who alone offers him human understanding and comradeship. And she born

32、 into the world of Wuthering Heights, senses that to achieve a full humanity, to be true to herself as a human being, she must associate herself totally with him in his rebellion against the tyranny involve.” (Arnold Kettle, 1960: 34)While the happy life of the two dose not last for a long time, sin

33、ce after the death of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley takes over the old house, becomes the master. From that time, Heathcliff is humiliated and deprived of all human rights by Hindley, and lives as a despised animal. Although the life is miserable, he can suffer it without saying a word all because of the co

34、mpany of Catherine. “They forgot everything the minute they were together again.” (Emily Bronte, 2011: 36) When they are both in dilemma, they take each other as the spirit and sunshine of life and their same interest and life concept make a bond of the two, just as Catherine says: “He is more mysel

35、f than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same”, “If all else remained, and he were gone, the universe would seem a stranger”, “I am Heathcliff. He is always in my heart; not as pleasure, but as my own being.” Heathcliff exclaims from within, “Id not exchange my condition her

36、e for Edgar Lintons at Thrushcross Grange, not for a thousand lives”, “Im not live without my soul”. (Bronte, 2011: 65) They were each others soul-mate for their whole life. “In front of love, Heathcliff was admirableness.”(Robert Kiely, 2003: 157) However, Catherine is selfish.Although as much love

37、s Heathcliff as she loves herself, Catherine can not marry someone like him with low birth. Otherwise, she will be degraded. No matter what the reason is, it all proves that her love for Heathcliff is selfish. There is also a clear hint we can see through the dialogue between Catherine and Mrs. Elle

38、n Dean, the housekeeper at Wuthering Heights. As Catherine says: “Ive no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldnt have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now.” (Bronte, 2011: 64)

39、It is so cruel that let a person overhear that his lover is going to marry someone else, so it goes to Heathcliff, who loved Catherine more than himself. At the very night he leaves Wuthering Heights without hearing that in the depth of her heart Catherine loves him. 2.2 AdulthoodThree years later,

40、Heathcliff comes back to Wuthering Heights, which is a place full of the memories of his whole life either happy or sad. During those three years, he hates Catherine who betrays their love and plans to take revenge on her and Edgar Linton by seducing Edgars sister Isabella to marry him, but he dose

41、not love her and cruelly maltreats her. However, at the first sight on Catherine since the separation he forgets all the sorrows that Catherine has brought to him , and loves her deeper than before. And he would rather give up all his possessions as long as she agrees to leave with him. It is not so

42、 hard for us to find his crazy love for Catherine at the pathetic scene of the final meeting between Heathcliff and Catherine just before the latters death. “He neither spoke nor loosed his hold for some five minutes, during which period he bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before.”

43、 (Bronte, 2011: 129) All those descriptions of his behaviors express his deep love for Catherine, and he misses her terribly. And his fist sentence utters at the meeting: “O Cathy! O my life! How can I bear it?”(Bronte, 2011: 129) further explains his intensity love for Cathy. “Dont torture me till

44、Im as mad as yourself”, “I could as soon forget you as my existence”(130), “I love my murder-but yours! How can I”(132), these utterances all indicate his strong feelings for Cathy.During the three years separation, Cathy misses Heathcliff and also hates him for his leaving alone without saying a wo

45、rd. And she marries Edgar even though she does not love him, for a part of the reason is to take revenge on Heathcliff, while the main reason is her nature of selfishness. Even at the end of her life, she blames that it is Heathcliff who murders her as she says: “You and Edgar have broken my heart”,

46、 and “You have killed me” (Bronte, 2011: 129). Though she loves Heathcliff as herself and can not suffer the bitterness when they parts, but at the same time, it is herself who has parted the two only because she wants to have a comfortable life and a high social status. So at the end, she gets her

47、punishment as she says as follows: “ the thing that irks me most is this shattered prison, after all. Im tired of being enclosed here. Im wearing to escape into that glorious world, and to be always there.” (Bronte, 2011: 131) And “If Ive done wrong, Im dying for it. It is enough! You left me too.”

48、(Bronte, 2011: 132) 2.3 Reasons for the changeThere are two main reasons for the change of Catherines love for Heathcliff, which are the outside reason and inside reason. It is the outside reason that boosts the change, while the inner side of Catherine is bound to the change.2.3.1 Social pressureSo

49、cial background has a great influence on shaping peoples characteristics, while not exceptional, peoples relationship is also built on a certain circumstance, and when the circumstance changes, the relationship will have a relative change. So it is important for us to know the background of the twos

50、 love story. This story happened in an unrest society of Victorian times in United Kingdom, when the Industrial Revolution took place there, which produced a great effect on the life of people who lived there, even the whole world. At that time, people lived with a strong sense of social status and

51、were divided into several levels: the upper class, the rising-middle class, and the lowest one the working class. Followed by a conflict between workers and capitalists, the government had issued a number of laws to protect the benefits of the rich, so the gap between rich and poor was growing. Mean

52、while, women and proletariats had a low status, whose personal rights had been deprived of. “At law women were equal to male criminals, madman and minors, in whichever class they were”.(James, 2009: 49) The middle class were in worse condition, because their wives and daughters were not regarded as

53、the symbol of or status, they had to cling to man-father, husband, brother or son for life and became others dolls. As far as they were concerned, marriage was the best way they turned to, on which their all success or failure depended. So instead of choosing her soul-mate Heathcliff, Catherine has

54、to choose Edgar who is rich and has high status. But women were equivalent of jetton that was used for consolidating their rank of families and promoting their families wealth. It was the ones wealth and status that decided the success or failure of ones marriage, which should be well-matched rather

55、 than allowed by families.(James, 2009: 49)If the marriage was against by family, it was more likely to be failure. To elope with his or her lover was the last choice for the youth who loved each other very much and would not abandon each other forever. While elopement means losing everything. They

56、not only had to break with their own families and give up the right of inheriting the rank of families and wealth, but also they had to bear heavy social pressure.In Victorian times, elopement and adultery were regarded as a shame, which would be spat on by society. As a result, they would live an u

57、nhappy life, struggling in the rude and wild world. Family owned so many rights on marriage that many people hated it but had no idea to solve it. At that time, though marriage was not arranged or forced, it was still far from being free, which is well illustrated by the love between Catherine and Heathcliff in the novel.2.3.2 Catherines true natureOnes nature determines ones decisions, in other words, it means that ones characteristics determine ones deeds. Which has no exception for Catherine, who is fu