1、Chapter 32 Subordination (II)Teaching contents Non-finite clause: infinitive clause -ing participle clause to participle clause非限定分句(Non-finite Clause)就是以非限定動(dòng)詞詞組(不定式，-ing, -ed)作謂語動(dòng)詞的分句結(jié)構(gòu)。可分為：(1) 不定式分句(Infinitive Clause)(2) -ing分句(-ing Participle Clause)(3) -ed分句(-ed Participle Clause)Part 1: 非限定分句的結(jié)

2、構(gòu)模式(1) 不帶主語和連詞eg. He has a large family to support. He denied having been there. The castle, burnt down in 1485, was never rebuilt.(2) 帶連詞或疑問詞eg. I dont know what to do.He opened his lips as if to say something.When sleeping, I never hear a thing.Even if invited, I wont go.(3)帶主語eg. He opened the do

3、or for the children to come in.He knew that with him to help, she could and would succeed.我父母反對我獨(dú)自外出。My parents object to me / my going out alone.Im annoyed about John / Johns forgetting to pay. Absolute Construction 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)質(zhì)：帶有自己主語的非限定分句和無動(dòng)詞分句。獨(dú)立：主語獨(dú)立，不需要在主句中找邏輯主語。比較：Climbing to the top of the tower,

4、 we saw a magnificent view. Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.PRACTICE: 用“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”改寫句子1. After the job had been finished, we went home straight away. The job (having been) finished, we went home straight away.2. As her shirt was caught on a nail, she could not move. Her shirt caught

5、 on a nail, she could not move.3. If weather permits, well go for a picnic this weekend. Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.4. The manager sat quietly in the office, with his eyes closed. The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed.Part 2: 非限定動(dòng)詞的句法功能(1)不定式分句的句法功能作主語：T

6、o act like that is childish.作主語補(bǔ)足語His intention is to win the game.作賓語He promised to stop taking drugs.作賓補(bǔ)I advised him to take a taxi, or he might be late.作狀語(a) 表示目的eg. He opened the window to get some fresh air. so as to / in order to (與so that相互轉(zhuǎn)換)(b) 表示結(jié)果eg. He hurried home only to find that hi

7、s father was dead. soas to / suchas to / tooto / enough to(與so that/sothat相互轉(zhuǎn)換)(c) 表示原因eg. He was lucky to find the lost child.(2) ing分詞分句的句法功能(a) 作主語，賓語，主語補(bǔ)語和賓語補(bǔ)語(b) 作狀語時(shí)間: Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.原因: Being a hard-working man, he is praised by all his fellow work

8、ers.條件: Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.讓步: Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.結(jié)果: It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.伴隨: The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand.(3) ed分詞分句的句法功能(a) 作名詞修飾語(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)縮略的定語從句)eg. The m

9、en, soaked with sweat from an all-night march, immediately went into action.(b) 作狀語時(shí)間：Heated, the metal expands.原因：Absorbed in his work, Jim neglected food and sleep.條件：United, we stand; divided, we fall.讓步：Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Charles invented the principle of nonviolent resistanc

10、e.伴隨：He went to Rome that winter, disguised as a merchant.Part 3: Verb-less Clause無動(dòng)詞分句“無動(dòng)詞”：沒有動(dòng)詞實(shí)際上是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞不表示出來，主語也通常不表示出來。eg. Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house. = No matter we have bank loan or no bank loan, 無動(dòng)詞分句的類型(1) 不帶從屬連詞形容詞詞組：eg. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman cal

11、led for a vote.名詞詞組：eg. Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house.(2) 帶從屬連詞連詞+N.P.eg. When still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home.連詞+Adj.P.eg. Although always helpful, he was not much liked by people.連詞+Prep.P.eg. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.連詞+Adv.P.eg. He spoke ungraciously, if

12、not rudely.(3) 帶自己的主語- “獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”eg. Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.He looked at Marry, his eyes full of doubt.Breakfast over, he went to his office.無動(dòng)詞分句的句法功能(1) 作名詞修飾語(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性關(guān)系分句)eg. His hands, numb from the cold, could not find the key.= His hands, which were numb from the cold, (2) 作狀語，可表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，讓步，方式或