1、 必修四 Module 1 Life in the future知識點總結 重點短語1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but) 除外別無選擇; 只要2. alternative energy 可代替能源3. an alternative plan 替代方案4. load with sth. 給 裝某物load the truck with coal 給汽車裝上煤5. be on fire 著火(強調狀態)6. catch fire 失火(強調動作,無被動語態)7. set fire to sth 放火燒某物8. command sb to

2、do sth 命令某人做某事9. command that (that從句中要用should+動詞原形, should可省略)10. free of charge 免費,不花錢11. in charge of 負責，管理12. in the charge of 由負責13. take charge of 負責管理,負責照顧14. be charged with 充滿15. attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上16. attach oneself to 參加;和在一起,纏著17. be attached to 連在上; 附屬于.; 系在上18. attach importa

3、nce/value to sth.認為某事很重要/有價值19. for sure 肯定地,有把握地20. sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事21. be sure + that-clause 確信,相信22. make sure of /about sth 確保23. make sure + that-clause 確保24. sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某東西25. sth. run out 某物用完了(沒有了)26. rely on/upon 依靠,信賴;取決于27. rely on it that 指望.,對不懷疑28. get rid

4、of =ridof 擺脫,丟掉;除去,趕走,消滅29. with + 復合賓語結構,常用的結構形式有:with+賓語+現在分詞(強調賓語是現在分詞動作的發出者或某狀態、動作正在進行)with+賓語+過去分詞(強調賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者或動作已經發生)with+賓語+形容詞(強調賓語的特性和狀態)with+賓語+副詞with+賓語+不定式(不定式動作尚未發生)with+賓語+介詞短語30. place an order 訂購31. carry out an operation 做手術32. be optimistic about .對樂觀的33. be optimistic that 對.樂

5、觀34. in shape 處于良好狀態,在形狀上35. in the shape of 以.形狀;呈形36. out of shape 變形,走樣37. look out of 向外看38. look out！ 小心，當心Watch out! ; Be careful!Take care!39. for a start 首先40. to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一41. from the start = from the beginning 從開頭, 從開始42. on the way out 即將被淘汰; 即將過時43. on the way n./

6、pron./to doing 即將,來到,接近44. canttoo或nevertoo “不可能太.”,“再怎么.也不過分”45. Not all=Allnot 并非所有的46. use up 用完47. on the way out 即將被淘汰；即將過時48. in progress 正在進行49. carry out 實施；履行50. throw away 拋棄；浪費單詞精研1.alternativeadj.替換的；供選擇的 n可供選擇的事物(教材P2)alternative energy可替代能源歸納拓展have no alternative but to do sth.have no

7、choice but to do sth. 除了之外別無選擇Try to arrange play dates for the children as an alternative to TV viewing.設法給孩子們安排做游戲的時間，來代替看電視。(牛津P56)Do you have an alternative solution?你有沒有別的解決辦法？(朗文P57)I had no alternative but to report him to the police.除了向警察舉報他，我別無選擇。2.attachvt.系，貼，附上；連接，參加；使附屬，使隸屬(教材P2)Senior

8、citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high­tech cameras attached to their head.通過系在頭上的高科技照相機，行動不便的老年人和身體有殘疾的人都能周游世界。歸納拓展(1)attach sth.to sth. 把附在上，把固定到上attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人/參加某事(2)attached adj. (作表語)依戀的；附屬于be attached to sb./sth. 依戀，留戀，

9、愛慕某人/某事物；隸屬于Attach a recent photograph to your application form.申請表上請貼一張近照。Do you attach any importance to what he said?他認為他說的話重要嗎？This middle school is attached to a teachers college.這所中學附屬于一所師范院校。A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.聚會中有個小青年總纏著我，我甩也甩不掉他。3 .c

10、hargevt.收費，要價；控告；給充電n費用；指責；控告；責任(教材P2)All forms of recreation，such as cinemas，bowling，softball，concerts and others，will be provided free of charge by the city.所有的娛樂形式，如電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會和其他的都由該市政府免費提供。歸納拓展Your order will be delivered free_of_charge within a ten­mile limit.在10英里范圍之內，您的定貨將免費送貨上門。(201

11、1·高考福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.發現飲酒超限的司機將被收費。Three Apples changed the world.The first one seduced Eve.The second one awakened Newton.The third one was in the charge of Steve Jobs.三個蘋果改變了世界。第一個誘惑了夏娃。第二個砸醒了牛頓。第三個曾在史蒂夫·喬布斯的掌握。(2011·高考上海卷)I wonder if th

12、ere is a service charge for our meal.我想知道我們是否要收取飲食服務費。4 commandn命令；指令；掌握;司令部vt.& vi.命令，指揮控制，支配；博得;俯瞰(教材P2)In the future all shopping will be done online，and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.將來所有的購物將會在網上進行，商品目錄將會有語音指令來排序。歸納拓展For the first time in years，he felt in command of his

13、 life.多少年來第一次，他覺得生活掌握在自己手里。The general commanded his men to attack the city.將軍下令他的部下攻城。For the first time in years，he felt in command of his life.多少年來第一次，他覺得生活掌握在自己手里。The general commanded his men to attack the city.將軍下令他的部下攻城。5.limit n. (常用復數)限制；界限；范圍 v. 限制；限定No smoking will be allowed within a fut

14、ure citys limits.我們的時間有沒有限制？Is there any limit to the amount of time we have?他們已經做了限制進口外國車的決定。They have made a decision to limit imports of foreign cars.within limits 適度地without limits 無限制地 to the limit到極限limit sth. to . 把某物限定在.(范圍內)被動形式： sth be limited to 局限于(to是介詞)limited adj. 有限的limitation n. 限制孩

15、子們的玩耍僅限于院子里。Childrens play is limited to the yard.你可以有限度地相信他/無限度地相信他。You can believe him within limits /without limits.我們應該最大限度地利用自然資源。We should use the natural resources to the limit.老師把學生們的作文限制在500字以內。The teacher limited students compositions to 500 words. 6.power switchAll cars will be powered by

16、 electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the color of cars at the flick of a switch.(1) powerThe train is powered by electricity.You can really feel the power of the sun here.They have been given special power to deal with the e to power 掌權；執政Obama came to power.

17、 奧巴馬上臺執政了。(2)switchThe light switch is on the wall near the door. She made the switch from full­time work to part­time work when her first child was born. switch on 把(電燈或電器)打開，接通 switch off 關掉，關上switchto 把轉變到他們把談話轉變到更有趣的話題上來了。They switched the talk to a more interesting subject.He switched

18、 the light on. 7.load vt. 裝;裝載。n. 負荷；裝載；負載8. shape vt.造成形狀；塑造；n.外形；狀況；形狀短語精釋1.for sure肯定地，確實(教材P2)No one knows for sure，and making predictions is a risky business.沒有人確切地了解，預測也是一件很冒險的事（后有2圖片）(2011·高考湖北卷)Why do wolves howl for sure?確切地講狼為什么嚎叫？(朗文P2012)I made sure that the rope was firmly fastened

19、 around his waist.我檢查了繩子，確保其牢牢系在他的腰部。Be sure to ring and let us know youve got back safely.一定要來個電話，讓我們知道你已經平安返回。He is sure of his success.He is sure that he will succeed.他自信他會成功。(主語 he 的信念)2. run out用光，耗盡；暫時離開(教材P2)In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earths natural r

20、esources run out將來，愛護環境將會很重要，因為地球的資源將瀕臨枯竭。（后有圖片）run out不及物動詞短語，后面不能跟賓語，run out of是及物動詞短語，其后可以跟賓語。give out含有“耗盡，筋疲力盡”之意，是不及物動詞短語。use up意為“用完，耗盡”，是及物動詞短語，常用人作主語。After a day of hard work my strength ran out completely.經過一天的艱辛勞動,我累得一點力氣也沒有了.Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out情況變得越來

21、越糟而且供應品也快用完了。The contract is running out.Will you renew it?合同快到期了，你要續簽嗎？辨析 run out，run out of，give out，use upHer money has been run out of and her patience is also running out.她的錢已經用完了，她的耐心也要耗盡了。Could I have a cigarette？I seem to have run out of them.給我支煙可以嗎？我的煙好像抽完了。Scientists predict that the worl

22、ds oil supply will soon give out/run out科學家們預測世界上石油的供應很快就要耗盡了。He has used up all his energy.他已經用盡了所有的力氣。3.for a start 首先；第一(用于強調一系列事實或觀點的第一條)For a start, he is too young.=to start with/to begin withI'm not buying it. _ I can't afford it. 我不買這個, 首先這個價錢我就付不起。eventuallyadv.終于，最后finally/in the e

23、nd/at last最終我們得到了我們期盼已久的東西。 _, We got what we had been looking forward to.4.free of charge 免費= for freeAll forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.那家店免費修理了我的手表。The shop fixed my watch free of charge/ for free.charge n.

24、The charge for admission is 5 dollars.He took charge of the firm in his fathers absence.charge v. If the light comes on, the battery isnt charging.A man has been charged in connection with the murder.They tried to charge me 80 dollars for the room a night.相關短語： in charge(of)負責；掌管(人作主語)in the charge

25、of sb. 由.負責 (物作主語)take charge of 負責；掌管他掌管我們班級。He is in charge of our class/takes charge of our class.Our class is in the charge of him.(1)Mr Zhang is _ this department.This department is _ Mr Zhang. 這個部門由張先生負責。5.rely on 依靠；依賴6.get rid of 除掉；處理掉；擺脫句型精析1. (教材P8)Im too busy enjoying my life now to worr

26、y about the future！我現在忙于享受生活而無暇擔憂未來。【點津】(1)too.to do sth.“太而不能做某事”是一個表示否定意義的句型。(2)某些形容詞與too.to.句型連用時，too(very)表示肯定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。(3)如在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just時，“too.to”結構表示肯定意義，此時too帶有贊賞的感情色彩。(4)“too.to.”結構和never，not等

27、否定副詞連用時，表示肯定意義，意為“無論也不過分，越越好”。The problem is too difficult for me to work out.這道題太難了，我做不出。He is too willing to follow others advice.他極愿意接受別人的意見。Its never too late to learn.活到老，學到老.2. (教材P2)Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live每個人在出生時都會領到一

28、個電話號碼，無論他們生活在什么地方，這個號碼都不會改變。【點津】(1)“no matter疑問詞.”引導讓步狀語從句，意為“不管，無論”，可與“疑問詞­ever”引導的讓步狀語從句互換。(2)where/when/how­ever 只引導讓步狀語從句，所以完全等同于no matterwhere/when/how，而who/whom/what/which­ever除引導讓步狀語從句外還可引導名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句時，who/whom/what/which­ever不能轉換為no matterwho/whom/what/which。這時的whatever

29、意為“所有的一切人和事”，相當于anything that;whoever意為“任何的人”，相當于anyone who；whichever意為“的那個人或事物”,相當于the person or the thing that。No matter how hard he tried，he couldnt get her to change her mind.不管他怎樣努力，也沒能使她改變主意。My parents always waited up for me，no matter what time I got home.無論我什么時候回家，父母總是(不去睡覺)等著我。No matter whe

30、re (wherever) you go，you will find many kind people who want to help others.無論你去哪兒，你都會發現有很多樂意幫助別人的好心人。Whoever wants to visit the museum，he must ask our teacher for permission.無論誰想去參觀博物館，都需經我們老師同意.(此句中whoever可改為no matter who)Whoever wants to visit the museum must ask our teacher for permission.(此句中wh

31、oever引導主語從句，不可用no matter who替換)單項選擇1. _ garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, _ landfill and environmental problems. A. To get rid of; to prevent B. Getting rid of; to preventC. To get rid of; preventing D. Getting rid of; preventing

32、【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了除掉垃圾問題, 城市將把垃圾運到大型的太空船上, 然后把它們發射到太陽上, 這樣就會阻止垃圾填埋地與環境問題的產生。to get rid of garbage problems是動詞不定式表示目的。preventing landfill and environmental problems是v.-ing形式表示一種順其自然的結果, 而不定式作結果狀語表示意料之外的結果。2. _ will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. A. This B. What C

33、. That D. It【解析】選D。此處it作形式主語。真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式。A、C兩項不能作形式主語。若選B, 題干要改為_ will be possible is to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. 。3. Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras _ to their head. A. adjusted B. Attached C

34、. adjusting D. Attaching【解析】選B。句意：通過固定在頭上的高科技照相機, 行動不便的老年人和身體有殘疾的人就能周游世界。adjust適應, 調整; attach把固定, 連接。根據句意可知此處應用attach。又因attach與cameras之間是動賓關系, 所以用過去分詞。此處attached to their head作后置定語修飾前面的cameras。4. Look out！We _ an accident! A. are having B. are going to have C. will be having D. have【解析】選B。句意：小心！我們會遇

35、到車禍！be going to除了表示“打算”之外, 還表示根據一定的征兆或跡象會發生什么事。此處應表示根據一定的跡象判斷出要遇到車禍。所以選B。5. _ the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970s, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon. A. Because B. Since C. With D. As【解析】選C。此處with the first moon colonies

36、predicted for the 1970s是with復合結構。若選A、B、D, 句子應改為Because/Since/As the first moon colonies are predicted for the 1970s, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon. 6. (2010·高考福建卷)Guess what，weve got our visas for a short­term visit to

37、the UK this summer.How nice！You _a different culture then.Awill be experiencingBhave experiencedChave been experiencing Dwill have experienced解析：選A。句意：你猜怎么著,我們獲得了今年夏季去英國進行短期訪問的簽證。太棒了！到時候,你將會體驗到不同的文化。本題考查動詞時態。由this summer可知此處應該用將來時，而then表示將來的某個時間點，故用將來進行時。7.(2010·高考浙江卷)If you plant watermelon se

38、eds in the spring，you _fresh watermelon in the fall.Aeat Bwould eat Chave eaten Dwill be eating解析：選D。句意：如果在春天種下西瓜種子，秋天你就會吃到新鮮的西瓜。本題考查動詞時態。A項為一般現在時態；B項為過去將來時態；C項為現在完成時態；D項為將來進行時態，表示將來某時間正在進行或某階段內一直在進行的動作，in the fall為表示將來的時間狀語，故答案為D項。8.(2011·高考江蘇卷)I hear you _in a pub. Whats it like?Well，its very

39、 hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.A are working Bwill work Cwere working Dwill be working解析：選A。句意：我聽說你在酒吧工作，這份工作怎么樣？哦,很辛苦，我總是覺得累，但我不介意.本題考查動詞時態。由Im always tired，but I dont mind 可知現在還在做這份工作，故排除B、C、D三項，選擇A項。9.(2010·高考江蘇卷)Why，Jack，you look so tired! Well，I _the house and I must finish

40、 the work tomorrow.Awas painting Bwill be painting Chave painted Dhave been painting解析：選D。句意：哎呀，杰克,你看上去很疲倦！噢，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必須完工。由句意可知paint這一動作一直延續到tomorrow，故用現在完成進行時。10.Did you write to Peter last month?No，but I_him this June.Awill be seen Bwill be seeing Cwill have been seeing Dwill have seen解析：選B。由句意

41、可知，此處指將來某時計劃要做的事情，故用將來進行時態。11.He was so shocked by what happened to his parents that he lost the_ of speech.AforceBPower Cstrength Dviolence解析：選B。分析句子可知，此處表說話的“能力”，故用power。12If you have a good_of English，youll get a well­paid job very easily.Acontrol BImprovement Ccommand DDemand解析：選C。句意：如果你精通英

42、語,就會很容易地找到一份高薪工作。此處用have a good command of表示“精通”。control控制；improvement改善；demand需要。13.As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of_energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.A primary BAlternative Cinstant DUnique解析：選B。句意：由于煤和石油越來越少，科學家正在開發

43、新的利用可替代能源的方法，比如利用陽光、風和水來發電和做燃料。根據句意可知此處要用alternative表示“可替代的”。primary主要的；instant立即的；unique獨特的。14.Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if fares_on public transport were more reasonable.Aoffered BSpent Cpaid DCharged解析：選D。動詞辨析。charged on public transport是過去分詞短語作后置定語。句意：針對公共交通收取的費用合理就能緩解城區的擁堵。15.

44、Parents_much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.Aattach BPay Clink DApply解析：選A。句意：父母認為教育很重要。他們會盡全力給他們的孩子那份無價的禮物。本題考查動詞短語搭配。attach much importance to.認為很重要；link.to.把與聯系起來；apply.to運用，應用。16.He opened the windows to_ the bad smell.Aget away Bget of

45、f Cget over Dget rid of解析：選D。get rid of“除去”。17.When can I come for the book？I need it this afternoon.It should be ready by noon.You can _us.Await on Bwatch on Crely on Dcall on解析：選C。答語意為：中午之前應該能準備好,你完全可以信賴我們.rely on意為“依賴；依靠”。18._treating the homeless man as a shame of society，Mr.Turner provided him

46、with food and water.ARegardless of BAs a result of CInstead of DIn case of解析:選C.regardless of 意為“不管;不顧”；as a result of 意為“由于；因為”；instead of 意為“代替；而不是”；in case of 意為“以防”。根據句意應選C項，表示“特納先生沒有把這位無家可歸的人看作是社會的恥辱，而是為他提供了吃喝的東西”。19.Many of the students are_that they will pass the college entrance examination.

47、Asurely BSure Cable Dcertainly解析：選B。be sure that.“對有把握”.20.Im still working on my project.Oh，youll miss the deadline.Time is_Arunning out Bgoing out Cgiving out Dlosing out解析：選A。run out(時間、金錢等的)耗盡；give out意為“精疲力竭”，由句意可知A項正確。21._hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.AWh

48、atever BWhenever CWherever DHowever解析：選D。句意：無論我多餓，看來我都吃不了這一條面包。A項無論什么事，常與名詞連用或引導名詞性從句；B項無論什么時候；C項無論在哪；D項無論多么或怎樣，常與形容詞或副詞連用，故選D。22.Must I turn off the gas after cooking?Of course.You can never be_careful with that.Aenough BToo Cso Dvery解析：選B。該題考查“無論也不為過”的句式23._words I use can not express my appreciat

49、ion of your timely help.AWhatever BHow manyCNo matter what DWhichever解析：選A。whatever 既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句；no matter what 不可引導名詞性從句，只能引導讓步狀語從句。本句用whatever 引導主語從句。24.Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made_in the restaurant.Aworking BWork Cto work Dworked解析：選A。working in the restaurant為現在分詞短語在

50、句中作時間狀語。25.How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but_is so good to me as Bruce.Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome one解析：選A。句意：你認為你的新同學怎樣？他們大部分都很友好，但沒有人能像Bruce那樣對我那么好。根據句意，C、D選項很容易排除。none和no one都可表示沒有人，區別在于none通常與of連用，一般指在一定的范圍內沒有，no one可用于指人，不可與of連用，而本題答句可以補全為but none of them is so g

51、ood.指在他們之中沒有，故選A。26. My little son put my new leather shoes in the water. After drying them, I found they were out of _ . A. shape B. date C. order D. balance【解析】選A。句意：我的小兒子把我的新皮鞋放進了水里。晾干后, 我發現鞋子變形了。out of shape變(走)樣; out of date過時; out of order無序地; out of balance失去平衡。27.Parents _ much importance to

52、 education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. 2010江西, 25A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply【解析】選A。考查動詞辨析與固定搭配。句意：父母認為教育非常重要。他們盡全力使孩子接受教育這個無價之寶。attach importance to認為很重要; pay付錢; link. . . to. . . 把和連接在一起; apply. . . to. . . 把應用于。28. As there is less and less coal and oil, sc