1、必修5第1單元重點單詞及短語講解1. engineengine n.C1. 發動機,引擎2. 機車,火車頭3. 器械,工具4. 消防車,救火車steam engineph.1. 蒸汽機2. characteristiccharacteristic a.1. 特有的,獨特的;典型的;表示特性的(+of)be characteristic of 是.的特征, 為.特有的Urban inhabitants have to live with the characteristic noises of cities.城市居民不得不忍受都市特有的喧囂。Quick decision is character

2、istic of him.快速決定是他的特征。n.C1. 特性,特征,特色It is their distinguishing characteristic.這是他們與眾不同的特征。character, characteristic, feature & personality辨析：characters: 人物,性格 eg.All the characters in this book are imaginary. 這本書中的人物都是虛構的。 What's your most special characters? 你個性上最大的特點是什么？ characteristics:

3、特性,特征, eg.She has Asiatic characteristics. 她具有亞洲人的特點。Feature的意思是“特色”或“特點”；Her dancing eyes are her most attractive features.personality n.1. 人格,品格CUHis personality left a deep impression on us. 他的人品給我們留下了深刻的印象。2. (顯明的)個性,性格CUHe has a strong personality. 他性格堅強。The ideal person for this job has these

4、_:ten years experience and an advances degree. A, characters B, characteristics3. radium鐳4. put forwardput forward 1. 提出He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在會上提出了一個很好的建議。2. 把.向前撥You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.你應該把表朝前撥快十分鐘。put forward to doing 提出做. put forward提出.Las

5、t year the factory over six million records.A. put forward B. put down C. put out D. put throughC put out 生產 A 放出 B 拒絕/放下 D 從事/接通，都不合題意They have a plan for reducing the daily outcome, which is quite practical A .put off B .put away C. put dowm D. put forwardput off是推遲，put away是收起來，put down是放下，put fo

6、rward是提出。建議。5. theory theory n.1. 學說;論說;.論C(+of)+thatDarwin spent more than twenty years working on his theory of evolution.達爾文花了二十余年時間研究他的進化論。2. 理論;學理,原理UCIt seems good in theory, but it doesn't work in practice.理論上它似乎很不錯,但實際上卻行不通。3. 意見;推測,揣度C+thatMy theory is that we'll have a cold winter

7、this year.依我看今年冬天會很冷。Many scientists accept the theory that the universe is growing larger.許多科學家接受這樣的看法:宇宙在不斷增大。Einstein's most famous theory is we call the Theory of Relativity.a. what b. that c. which d. how6. infectinfect vt.(+with)1. 【醫】傳染;侵染;感染The flu virus infected almost the entire class.

8、全班幾乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。2. 使受影響;感染The captain's courage infected his men.船長的勇氣感染了他的船員。3. 污染The air is infected with noisome gases.空氣受到了有害氣體的污染。4. 腐蝕;使腐化詞匯辨析affect, effect, influence： affect常用作動詞，意思是“對有影響”或“給帶來變化”。例如：Does second hand smoke affect the health of all of us?effect在大多數情況下都被用作名詞，意為“結果” “效果”；

9、“作用”；“影響”：to affect sth.=to have an effect on sth.例如：The drug did not affect the disease, and it had several adverse （不利的，反對的）side effects.一個簡便的原則就是如果你需要一個動詞的話，十之八九選用affect，如果需要一個名詞，則通常使用effect.influence指通過行動、榜樣等對他人產生潛移默化的影響或作用，注重“影響”的結果。記憶形似詞：effect n.影響； effort n.努力 infect vt.醫 傳染, 感染。主要是指傳染（病毒什么的

10、），一般不用在好事情上。考點提要in effect = in fact 實際上；take effect = come into force 實施，生效；Reading on bed Aour eyes. A。 has a bad effect on B 。take a bad effect on C。 has a bad effect to D。 has a bad affect on have an effect on對.有影響the medicine prevented us_ by the germ。A. to infect B. from being infected C. to be

11、 infected D. from infecting prevent sb from doing 阻止。做某事 being infected 動名詞被動形式做介詞賓語7. infectiousinfectious a.1. 傳染的;傳染性的an infectious disease傳染病2. 有感染力的,易傳播的an infectious grin有感染力的笑Their enthusiasm was infectious.他們的熱情有感染力。8. scientificscientific a.1. 科學的,科學上的ZShe has a scientific mind.、她有科學頭腦。-I h

12、ear that a lot of scientific equipment has been bought in our school -How wonderful ! Do you know when_? A. it has been bought B. had it been bought C. it was bought D. was it bought9. examineexamine vt.1. 檢查;細查;診察The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.醫生檢查了男孩的身體

13、發現他是健康的。examine a new scientific idea 驗證一個新的科學思想Did you examine your paper money closely? 你仔細檢查過你的紙幣了嗎?2. 審問;盤問(+on)The lawyer examined the witness. 律師訊問了證人。3. 測驗(+in/on)The teacher examined the students in physics. 教師考學生物理。vi.1. 檢查,調查exam/examine/examination區別：exam n. 考試, 測驗 examine v/n. 檢查，細看，調查,

14、考試 examination n. 考試, 檢查, 細查There are number of students waiting to get _(examine)get done 是一個專用的搭配，故填examined 是表被動.the teacher talk t us into working hard for the next examinetalk sb into/out of doing sth 說服某人做/不做某事My luggage was closely _ （examine）when I entered that country?填examined 是表被動examine/

15、test/check辨析：Please your answers again before you hand in your paper in the exam. A. examine B. check C. testcheck和examine是有區別的。check是檢查、核對，看看是有還是無，是對還是錯。而examine則表示對細節的仔細查看。舉個簡單的例子：你買了一臺電腦，你先要check一下，發票有沒有開了，各配件有沒有齊全了；然后你要examine一下，看看電腦箱蓋上有沒有劃痕，看看各零件是不是在正確位置，再看看液晶顯示屏上面有沒有斑點等等；接下來你就要test一下了，看看電腦的功能是

16、否正常。 說到這里，應該明白check、examine和test的區別了吧？這三個詞用中文翻譯可都是“檢查”啊！ 考試時檢查答案當然要用check，因為你是在“檢查”答案的對與錯，你不會去examine你的字跡或test一下你的筆是不是好用。examine vt. 1.調查, 檢查, 考試，細看test n. 測試, 試驗, 檢驗 v. 測試, 試驗, 檢驗check n/ v.檢驗, 校對, 核算10. concludeconclude vt.1. 結束We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.我們九點鐘結束了會議。2. 推斷出,斷定What can

17、 you conclude from these observations?你從這些觀察中能得出什么結論?3. 締結(條約)(+with)4. (最后)決定(為)+to-v+thatHe concluded that he would wait a little longer.他決定再等一會兒。He concluded to quit on pay day.他決定在發薪水這天辭職。vi.1. 結束,終了(+with)The meeting concluded after two hours.兩小時后會議結束了。2. 斷定3. 達成協議4. 作出(最后)決定11. conclusion略12.

18、draw a conclusion得出結論13. analyseanalysevt.1. 分解;分析;解析analyse analyze, analysis, analyst 的區別？analyse (BrE) 英式,動詞, 分析 analyze (AmE) 美式,動詞, 分析 analysis 名詞, 分析(對事物的各個部分及其相互關系的研究.)analyst 'ænlist n. 分析者, 精神分析學家 化 分析員; 化驗員 經 分析師analytic和analytical的區別？analytic 和analytical 是同樣的意思。都是“分析的，解析的”。用法上也沒有

19、區別。（牛津，朗文上都是把這兩個詞做為相同的來看待） 如：She has a clear analytical / analytic mind. 她頭腦清晰，善于分析。14. repeatrepeat vt.1. 重復;重做;重說+wh-The teacher asked him to repeat what he had said.老師要他重復他所講的話。2. 復述,背誦Mary could repeat many poems from memory.瑪麗能背誦許多詩歌。3. 照著說;照著寫Please repeat the following sentence after me.請跟我朗讀

20、下面這句子。vi.1. 重復;重做;重說Repeat after me, please.請跟我念。n.C1. 重復;重做;重說It is important not only learn and remember names, but to_ them often in conversation.(recall, retell, repeat)答案：repeat 不僅僅學習記住這些名字是重要的，在對話中經常重復也很重要。recall, retell, repeat的區別：recall，再打一次電話，重撥 retell，背課文；復述 repeat，重復repeat和 pardon可以互換嗎？re

21、peat 是重復的意思，跟pardon 比起來態度上要強硬許多，比方說你在跟別人說話，你沒有聽清楚他對你說的內容，你就要說pardon ,而不能說repeat.repeat 的態度太過生硬。pardon多用在口語中，而repeat 基本上在口語中不用。書面上repeat用得較多，而pardon一般不用在書面上。repeat 能不能和again連用？通常是說repeat或say it again 不說repeat again15. defeatdefeat vt.1. 戰勝,擊敗The French defeated the English troops.法國人打敗了英國軍隊。2. 使失敗,挫敗

22、Our hopes were defeated.我們的希望落空了。3. 【律】使無效,廢除n.CU1. 失敗,戰敗,挫折The aggressors were doomed to defeat.侵略者注定要失敗。2. 戰勝,擊敗beat , defeat, win, hit .,gain之間的區別:beat意為“戰勝”、“打敗”，后接比賽中的“對手” eg:I beat John at chess yesterday. I can beat all runners in our school. 另外，beat 當“擊打”強調連續或反復地“打”，因此像心臟跳動、打鼓、打拍子等之類具有連續性或反復

23、性的動作，一般也要用 beat。如： My heart beats fast. 我的心跳得很快。 Who is beating the drum? 誰在擊鼓? She was beating the dust out of the carpet. 她在敲打地毯上的灰塵(以敲打的方式除塵)。defeat意為“擊敗”。多用于指擊敗敵軍、入侵者等，也有“使失敗，使落空”等的意思 eg: We defeated the enemy in the battle. Team A defeated(beat) Team B in the football match. Our hopes were defe

24、ated.win多指贏得“比賽”“辯論”和“戰斗”,它常跟的賓語有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg: They won the battle but lost many men. 他們取得了這次戰斗的勝利，但犧牲了很多人。hit表示有意或無意地打或撞等，往往含有重重一擊或用力敲打等之意。如： He hit her hard in the face. 他重重地打了她一耳光。 The car ran out of control and hit a tree. 汽車失去控制，撞在樹上。Gain表示獲得需要之物，它常跟的賓語有ones living, exper

25、ience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等； We shall gain experience through practice.我們將通過實踐獲得經驗。 用所給單詞按適當形式填空：1.They _(defeat) last month.They were defeated (defeat) last month. 他們上個月被打敗了。16. attendattend vt.1. 出席,參加He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他沒有參加會議。2. 上(大學等

26、),前往The school was attended almost entirely by local children.上這個學校讀書的幾乎全是當地的孩子。3. 照料;護理;侍候There was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜,再無人照顧他了。4. 伴隨,帶有5. 陪同,護送vi.1. 出席,參加(+at)2. 照料,處理(+to)I'll attend to the matter.我來處理此事。3. 護理;侍候(+on/upon)4. 注意,傾聽;致力(于)(+to)She didn't attend to what I was s

27、aying.她并不注意聽我所說的話。Join， join in， take part in ， attend和 enter的用法比較/辨析： 這幾個詞或短語都有“參加”的意思，但用法不同。 1)join有兩個用法： (1)指加入某個黨派，團體組織等，成為其成員之一，意為：“參軍、入團、入黨”等。如： When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么時候參軍的？ She joined the&

28、#160;Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先隊。 (2)和某人一道做某事，其結構為：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根據上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如： Will you join us in the discussion? 你參加我們的討論嗎？ He'll join us in singing the song.&#

29、160;他將和我們一道唱歌。 We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us?  我們打算星期天去東湖公園。你跟我們一道去好嗎？ 2)join in多指參加小規模的活動如“球賽、游戲”等，常用于日常口語。如： Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，來參

30、加球賽。 Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你為什么沒參加座談？ 3)take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動等，著重說明句子主語參加該項活動并在活動中發揮作用。如： We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.  暑

31、假期間我們將參加社會實踐。 We often take part in physical labour. 我們經常參加體力勞動。 【注意】take part in是慣用詞組，part前一般不用冠詞，但part前有形容詞修飾時，要用不定冠詞。如： Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.

32、0; 林肯積極參加政治活動，強烈反對奴隸制。 4)attend是正式用語，及物動詞，出席，參加，定期去（某處）；指參加會議，婚禮，葬禮，典禮；去上課，上學，聽報告等。句子的主語只是去聽，去看，自己不一定起積極作用。如： He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要參加一個重要的會議。 I attended his lecture. 我聽了他的講課。 enter 加入，開始從事；開始參加。"enter for"是&qu

33、ot;報名參加"的意思 例如:報名參加數學競賽(enter for the maths contest)attend on和attand to的區別1。 attend to 是 照顧 （某人）、處理（某事）Can you look after this patient for me. I have to attend to this wounded patient. 你可以替我照顧 (看著)這個病人嗎 ？ 我要照顧 (看著)這位受傷的病人、 2。 attend on 伴隨、侍候、照料 My friend comes from America. I like to take few d

34、ays' leave from work to attend on him. 我的朋友從美國來了， 我可以請假幾天去伴隨他嗎 ？He didn't _ the wedding.  A. take part in      B.  attend  C. join          D. join 

35、;in17. exposeexpose vt.1. 使暴露于;使接觸到(+to)They consider it almost a crime to expose children to violence and sex on TV.他們認為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。2. 揭露,揭發(+to)Their scheme was exposed. 他們的陰謀被暴露了。3. 使(膠片,膠卷)曝光Don't expose the film to light. 不要把膠片曝光。4. 使看得見"Please make your teeth expose in the

36、 sun"牙齒天天曬太陽. （表達了對方對你的良好祝愿）Cleaning exposed the grain of wood.清潔使木紋顯現可見。5. expose指"陳列商品等", 如: expose goods in a shopwindow 陳列貨物于商店櫥窗內。expose（常與to連用）暴露 expose.to 使.受到, 使.朝向.; 使.接觸. 如to expose one's skin to the sun 把皮膚暴露在陽光下 expose students to good art and music 使學生接觸美好的藝術和音樂 expos

37、e soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危險 He exposed the plan to the newspapers. 他向幾家報紙透露了這個計劃。 exposed themselves to disease; exposed their children to classical music. 使他們受到疾病的影響；使他們的孩子們受到古典音樂的影響比較常用的是be exposed to. 暴露于； 處于.環境中 e.g. Youths are exposed to smokeless tobacco ads. The National Center

38、 for Children Exposed to Violence最常用的是 career exposure 工作體驗 e.g. You can get some career exposure in the film visit.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 答案C_ to advertising usually creates in one's mind a s

39、elf-interest and a restless attempt to become more comfortable. A. Exposed B. Being exposed oneself C. Exposing oneself D. For oneself being exposed選C 接觸廣告/廣告業 常常會使人們產生利己主義的思想，并且不停地想過上更舒適的生活。 這句話的謂語是creats ，所以主語就是 （_ to advertising） 這個整體，expose為動詞要做主語只能為動名詞或者是加to的不定式，故A不行。D 語義不通。expose 的用法為expose on

40、eself to sth 或者one is exposed to sth，故B表達錯誤, 選C Exposing oneself to advertising 動名詞做主語。18. deadlydeadly a.1. 致命的,致死的;毒性的This is a deadly poison.這是一種致命的毒藥。2. 不共戴天的;殊死的BHe is my deadly enemy.他是我的死敵。3. 死一般的BThere was deadly silence in the valley.山谷里死一般的沉寂。4. 【口】非常的,極度的Bdeadly dullness極度的沉悶5. 【口】非常無聊的,令

41、人厭煩的Our maths classes are pretty deadly.我們的數學課非常枯燥。ad.1. 死一般地His face was deadly pale.他的臉死一般地蒼白。2. 非常,極度地The air was deadly cold.空氣極度寒冷。dead/death /deathly /deadly用法區別辨析：dead 無比較等級,它表示狀態,如:死的,無生命的,無感覺的,無聲的,等等. death n.死, 死亡, 致死的原因, 毀滅, 屠殺deathly adj.死一般的 adv.象死一樣地而deadly則有比較等級:deadlier, deadliest或mo

42、re deadly, most deadly. 表示程度,如:擊中要害的,不共戴天的,非常的,極度的,等等.練習：用上面的詞語填空1.There are some ( dead )leaves on the ground. 地上有些枯葉。 2.The terrorist's attack caused more than three hundred ( death ). 恐怖分子的襲擊造成了3百人的傷亡。 3.The roar of the explosion was followed by a ( deathly ) silence. 在死一般的寂靜之后是一陣爆炸。 4.In the

43、 First World War pneumonia肺炎 was as ( deadly )as bullets and shells炮彈. 在一戰時期，肺炎就如同致命的子彈和炮彈一樣。Supporters of gun control have worked for many years to ban the sale of _ handguns in America. 選項: a、deadly b、 fatal c、 mortal d、lethal近義詞辨析：deadly / fatal / lethaldeadly指能致命或實際已致命的事物 fatal在一定的條件下能使人喪命。 leth

44、al指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。19. curen. 治療, 治愈, 治療法 vt. 治療, 治愈, 改正, 腌制, 加工處理, 使硫化 vi. 受治療, 被加工處理, 被硫化 cure a disease 和treat disease的區別cure a disease的cure是治愈的意思，cure是動詞。所以這里指“治愈疾病”，表示結果。treat是治療的意思，表示治療的過程，不強調結果。 treat跟disease搭配，比如treat your disease，治療你的疾病。還可以與其他具體的疾病搭配，比如treat cancer。近義詞辨析：treat / cure / heal的區

45、別treat 治療，含義最廣，包括對傷口、病人進行診斷，制定治療方案、開藥方等。 eg. Cancer is difficult to treat. cure 治愈；治療，多指病后恢復健康 eg. The medicine cured her toothache. heal （傷口或斷骨）愈合；復原，多指創傷，外傷，也可指矛盾，分歧 eg. The wound heals rapidly. 還有一個意思相近的詞 remedy 醫治；補救，指消除身心上的不正常、不理想的狀況 eg. Aspirin may remedy a headache.If i take the medicine twic

46、e a day, it should _ my cold A. heal B. cure C. treat20. outbreakoutbreak n.C1. 爆發(+of)the outbreak of the Second World War第二次世界大戰的爆發2. 暴動a slave outbreak奴隸暴動outbreak, / break有什么區別？outbreak是名詞(n.) 指的是戰爭的爆發與疾病的發作之類的 例句:1. There has been an outbreak of typhoid. 那兒正爆發傷寒。 2. The outbreak of riot caused

47、many people to die. 暴亂的發生使很多人喪生。而break呢 作為名詞時是說休息,暫停,破裂,突變等等 作為動詞時是說打破,違反,折斷,削弱,超過,突變詞形變化: 動詞過去式:broke 過去分詞:broken 現在分詞:breaking 第三人稱單數:breaks 例句:1. There is a break during the performance for the audience to take a rest. 演出中有一次中場休息，讓聽眾們稍事休息。 2. The cold weather at last broke at the end of March. 寒冷

48、的天氣終于在三月末結束了。 3. The window broke into pieces. 窗戶碎成碎片。 4. The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那狗咬了我一口，但是沒有把皮咬破。21. controlcontrol vt.1. 控制;支配;管理She is skillful enough to control the machine now.現在她已有了足夠的技術可以操縱這臺機器了。The British government at that time controlled the island.當時英國政府控制該島。2. 克制;

49、抑制You must learn to control your temper.你必須學會克制著不發脾氣。n.1. 支配;控制;調節;抑制U(+of/over)They have no control over him.他們控制不了他。2. 控制手段(或措施);統制P1(+on/over)in the control of與in control of 的區別in the control of：在的控制、掌握下(含“被”動含義)in control of ： adv. 控制, 管理, 掌握(含“主動”含義)He is in control of the company. I mean, the

50、company is in the control of him.Who's in control of the project? 誰是這個項目的負責人？the leaders in control of the country. 管理國家的領導人們under control adv. 被控制住 not being under control; out of control. 不在控制之下；不受控制。Lost control失去控制Lost control of the skidding car打滑的汽車失去控制例句Everything is under control. 一切都處于控

51、制之下。22. absorbabsorb vt.1. 吸收(液體,氣體,光,聲等)Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。2. 汲取,理解(知識等)So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once.這么多好主意!太多了,很難一下完全吸收。3. 使全神貫注;吸引(注意等)(+in/by)The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.老人全神貫注地讀這本書。4. 合并(公司等);吞并Small businesses are absorbed by

52、 big ones.小公司被大公司吞并了。5. 承受;經受She won't be able to absorb another heavy blow.她無力承受再一次沉重的打擊。6. 承擔(費用等)absorb和accept有什么區別？absorb. vt. 吸收, 使全神貫注, 同化, 買進, 理解, 承受, 忍受, 承擔 accept. vt. 接受, 承認, 同意, 相信, 贊成, 承擔, 承兌, 采納, 接納, 容忍These two studentsin chatting in the classroom without noticing their teacher com

53、ing in. A absorbed B were absorbed C were absorbing D had absorbed。be absorbed in sth / doing sth.意思是專心于. 1,他全神貫注的看動作片，把為家人做飯的事忘的一干二凈（absorb)He was so absorbed in the movie that he had completely forgotten to make dinner for the family.經常一同考到的還有be attracted to be drawn to be concentrated on 都有被吸引,集中

54、精力在.上面 的意思.23. severesevere a.1. 嚴重的;劇烈的;凜冽的He has been under a severe strain.他一直處在極度緊張狀態之中。2. 嚴厲的;苛刻的My uncle became severe when I was late.當我遲到時,我的叔父變得嚴厲起來。3. 嚴格的;嚴密的I was impressed by his severe reasoning.他嚴謹的推理給我留下了深刻的印象。4. 嚴峻的;艱難的;激烈的We are suffering from a severe shortage of fuel.我們苦于嚴重缺乏燃料。5.

55、 嚴肅的,正經的He spoke in a severe voice.他嚴肅地說。6. 純潔的;樸素的She wore a severe black dress.她穿一件樸素的黑衣裙。rigid, serious和severe的區別？rigid 嚴格的(強調堅決,固執) serious 嚴肅的,認真的,嚴謹的 severe 嚴厲的(語氣最重,要求最嚴)你可以說 I am serious.我是認真的（不要胡鬧），指一種態度。 但不能說I am severe.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _ by the judge. A

56、、service B、 sentence C、 crime D、crisisservice 's:vis n. 服務, 貢獻, 雇傭, 公職, 服役, 功勞, 儀式, 送達, 行政部門 vt. 保養, 維修sentence 'sentns n. 句子, 命題, 宣判 vt. 宣判, 判決crime kraim n. 犯罪, 罪行, 罪惡crisis 'kraisis n. 危機, 危險期, 緊要關頭24. valuablevaluable a.1. 值錢的,貴重的He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday pre

57、sent.他給我買了一只貴重的鉆戒作生日禮物。2. 有用的,有價值的toThis experience is valuable to me.這一經歷對我很有用。25. clueclue n.C1. (解決疑案、問題等的)線索,跡象,提示(+to)"Do you know the time of the next train?" "I don't have a clue.""您知道下一班火車的時間嗎?" "我一無所知。"The police have no clue to his identity.警察沒有可以確定他的身份的任何線索。26. pumppump1KK: DJ: n.C1. 泵,唧筒We have a pump for draw