1、初中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題初中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)：英語各個時態(tài)和語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)題初中英語有16種時態(tài)，但是常用的只有9種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。下面分別介紹。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,never,every day(morning,Monday,week,.etc.),every there years,once a w

2、eek(day,month,.etc.),.等時間狀語。例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun.2) 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside.2.一般過去時的用法（1） 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。常和: last week(night,Mon

3、day,month,year,.etc.)four years ago(days,month,.etc.)before1980(three,liberation,從句,.etc.)the day before yesterday,the day before last,the year before last,just now,a monent ago,yesterday,yesterday morning,this morning,at first,at last,in the end,finally,then,.a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.b. He work

4、ed in a factory in 1986.2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作 ， 也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動詞原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注：”used to “ 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。a. I am used to the climate here.b. He is used tomming in winter.3.一般將來時的用法一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算

5、進(jìn)行的事。常和：next week(Monday,month,year,.etc.)in three days(an hour,.etc.)tomorrow,tomorrow morning,the day after tomorrow,the day after next,the year after next,tonight,in 2010(2016.etc.)this evening,this Saturday,after Wednesday,soon,sometime next week,one day in futuer,sooner or later,.1）be going to

6、do 結(jié)構(gòu)It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2) “be about to + 動詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟時間狀語。 We are about to leave.3) go , come , start, move, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。Im leaving for Beijing.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法1） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，由“ be + 現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。常和：now,th

7、ese days(weeks,months,.etc.)this month(week,.etc.)Look!,Listen!,.另外， “系動詞 + 介詞或副詞” 也表示進(jìn)行時的意義。What are you doing The bridge is under construction.2） 表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞（如have, be , here, se, like 等 ） 一般不用進(jìn)行。5.過去進(jìn)行時的用法1） 過去進(jìn)行時過去某一時刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動作，由 “ was (were) + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。常和：this time yesterday,this time last

8、 Friday,in those days,at nine last night,from one to three yesterday afternoon,.In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時由 “have/has + 過去分詞.其使用有兩種情況：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時間狀語。常和：just,alreadly,yet,never,ever,now,before,this week,toda

9、y,these days,once,twice,three times,.He has gone to Fuzhou. He has been to Fuzhou.2) 現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去常用 for 和since表示一段時間的狀語或since then(1949,last Monday,two o'clock,從句.,etc.)，ever since then,for three days(a long time,two hours,.etc.)so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示

10、包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語。He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成時不能與for, since 等 表示一般時間的詞連用。正確：I have bought the book already.錯誤：I have bought the book for two years.改： I have had the bookl for two years.7過去完成時

11、的用法1） 過去完成時由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時的動作表示過去某一時刻或某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by then(1977,yesterday,eight last night,the time we got there,.etc.)by the end of last term(week,year,month,.etc.).by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before

12、 I entered the university.2)過去完成時的動詞還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去的某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由 “should 或 would + 動詞原形” 構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would. 。常和：They were sure that they would succeed.（二） 動詞語態(tài)1 當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時， 謂語的形式叫主動語態(tài)。句子的主語是

13、動作承受者時，謂語的形式叫被動作語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。1） 一般現(xiàn)在時：You are required to do this.2） 一般過去時：The story was told by her.3） 一般將來時：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：The road is being widened. 5） 過去進(jìn)行時：The new tool was being made.6） 現(xiàn)在完成時：The novel has been read.7） 過去完成時：He said that t

14、he work had been finished.8） 過去將來時：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)1） 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The problem must be solved soon.2） 帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3) 短語動詞的被動：a.（不及物）動詞+介詞：若這類短語動詞是及物性的，則可用于被動語態(tài)中，如：laugh at, look after, talk a

15、bout, think of 等。若這類短語動詞是不及物性的則不可用于被動語態(tài)中，如：book up, look down. 等b.（及物）動詞+副詞：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等c. 動詞+副詞 +介詞：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等d. 動詞+名詞+介詞：catch sight of, keep on eye on,

16、 make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等4) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語后面。We always keep the classroom clean.(比較：The classroom is always kept clean.)5)主動形式表示被動意義的詞。常見的有：a.主動形式，這時動名詞同句中的主語有動賓關(guān)系。The children need looking after.The windows

17、 wants /requires repairing.This point deserves mentioning.練習(xí)題1. It is a fine day. The sun _(shine) brightly.2. They _(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3. Mr Brown_(live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang _(teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths _( watch) TV at this time last n

18、ight.6. We _(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he _(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isn¡¯t here. He _(chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon _(go) round the earth.10. The Young Pioneers will go to th

19、e zoo if it _(not rain) this Sunday.11. Listen! They _(talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what _(happen) in China in 1976.13. My mobile phone _(steal) on a bus last week.14. The host _(interview) the little boy just now.15. The Greens _(watch) TV now.16. He said that he _(ring) me up when he

20、got there.17. We _(learn) English for about three years.18. My brother_(join) the League in 1997.19. The farmers _(pick) apples when I saw them.20. The red skirt _(cost) the girl forty yuan.21. The film _(begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher w

21、hen she _(grow) up.23. My sister is a student and she _(study) at a middle school nearby.24. Mr Green _(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You _(catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. _you been_(wear) glasses all the time?27. Ill go home as soon as I _(finish) my h

22、omework.29. Most science books are _(write) in English.30. I _(stay) there for two months last year.31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here32. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. h

23、avent slept D. wont sleep33. -Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see34. -Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it A. do you find B. had you found C. were you findin

24、g D. did you find35. -Don you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come36. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37. -Jimmy i

25、s leaving for a holiday. -Really Where _ he _ A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38. -Shall we go shopping now -Sorry, I can't. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing39. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my frie

26、nd's home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract46. -Why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday -Because I _ the film before. A. had seen B. have seen C. have watche

27、d D. has watched47. I don't think John saw me. He _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read48. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing49. Mr Wh

28、ite _ the newspaper while his daughter _TV. A. has read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched50. - I _ you at the meeting. Why -I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didn't see51. The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. will

29、 hold C. will be held D. held52. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began53. -May I speak to Mr Smith -Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesn't come back54. I can't go to the theater tonight because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was losing55. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it -Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; b