1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-Verb Concord)即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，主謂一 致包括語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致，語(yǔ)法一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語(yǔ)保持 一致，意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和靠近它的主語(yǔ)部分保持一致。表里不一主謂一致中的“表里不一"現(xiàn)象1,"more than one +名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers.不止一個(gè)教師得到了花 .2,"many a +名詞”作主

2、語(yǔ)時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹(shù) .3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+of等后接名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 地球表面四分之三為水所覆 蓋.4,all指人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；all指物時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如："All are pr

3、esent and all is going well." 所有人全部到場(chǎng)了，一切進(jìn)展順利5,what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可視表語(yǔ)而定：表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，相反， 則用復(fù)數(shù).例如:What they want to get are a number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書(shū)6,and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前若用each ,every ,no修飾，該名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書(shū)包里沒(méi)有書(shū)和車(chē)W筆 .7,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面有 as well as ,w

4、ith ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except ,逗號(hào)力口 and連接幾個(gè)名詞等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致.例如：My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過(guò)北京.8,each作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定，與each無(wú)關(guān).例如：They each have a bike.他們每人有一輛自行車(chē) .9,動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如：Going out for a wa

5、lk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣10,the following作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如：The following are good examples 下面是些好例子 .11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如 politics ,physics .mathematics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞 news ,works .plastics等同屬此類(lèi).例如：Politics is now taught in all schools.現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開(kāi)設(shè)政治課 .當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示"

6、;學(xué)科”以外的意義時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics (運(yùn)算能力) politics（政治觀點(diǎn)）economics （經(jīng)濟(jì)意義）等。12,有些用來(lái)表示由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù) （trousers ,glasses ,shoes .shorts .scissors .scales等）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面若有 "條"，"副","把”之類(lèi)的單位詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若沒(méi)有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如：The shoes are all right.這些鞋子都很合適.還有些以 -s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes

7、 .contents .minutes （記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等13,"one and a half +名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).例如：One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果 .14,"One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如：One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派兩個(gè)人至 U 刃BJL 去給他們幫忙.15,"one of+復(fù)數(shù)名

8、詞+定語(yǔ)從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；而在 "the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，"the one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句"定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 要用單數(shù).例如：He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一16,表示時(shí)間，距離，金錢(qián)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，但若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如：One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬(wàn)美元是一大筆錢(qián) .

9、-s結(jié)尾（一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，如：arthritis ,bronchitis ,diabetes ,mumps ,phlebitis ,rickets, 這類(lèi)以-s 結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.（二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，以 -s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如： Darts is basically an easy game.但當(dāng)Darts, M

10、arbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.（三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)，如果是國(guó)名，如the United States, the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。例如：The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.In ea

11、rly January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如 physics ,mathematics ,mechanics ,optics ,acoustics ,politics , statistics ,economics ,linguist

12、ics ,athletics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：The third world economics is promising.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果這類(lèi)名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如：Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.（五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題，.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)， 英語(yǔ)中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如 glasses ,pincers

13、,pliers ,scissors ,shorts ,suspenders ,trousers 等，為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)集合名詞1）單數(shù)一復(fù)數(shù)型.凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類(lèi).如：a class classes; afamily families; a government governments; an army armies ;a people - peoples（民族）;a group groups; a crowd crowds; a crew crews 等.這類(lèi)集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性，即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來(lái)看待.屬于這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；

14、復(fù)數(shù)形式 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) .【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每個(gè)上午一大群人經(jīng)常聚集在廣場(chǎng)上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已決定通過(guò)這一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上。There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有許多講英語(yǔ)的民族。但應(yīng)注意，這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念

15、，所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為"單復(fù)同形型”中.2）單數(shù)型.這類(lèi)集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體，即把這類(lèi)人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi)，所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有： humanity ,mankind ,proletariat 等.【例如】 The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment ,mankind makes constant progress.3）復(fù)數(shù)型

16、.這類(lèi)集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的，就是說(shuō)它們只有單數(shù)形式，但表達(dá)的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性.這類(lèi)名詞有： police ,cattle ,faculty ,flock ,machinery ,vermin ,personnel 等.它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù) .【例如】 The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4）單復(fù)同形型.這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù).作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞均可

17、，有時(shí)意義區(qū)別不大，具體看語(yǔ)境，是強(qiáng)調(diào)集體還是個(gè)體。【例如】 The school teaching staff are （is） excellent.The public is （are） requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim（s） to be badly paid.這類(lèi)集合名詞常見(jiàn)的有：class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience 等.根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的心理意向若把這個(gè)集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個(gè)整體，就認(rèn)

18、為是單數(shù)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體的話，就認(rèn)為其為復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.試比較：The football team is playing well.那個(gè)足球隊(duì)打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea.足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡，然后來(lái)這里吃茶點(diǎn).The family is a very happy one.那個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)非常幸福的家庭That family are very pleased about the news of William's succe

19、ss.全家人對(duì)威廉的成功都感至 U很高興.典型例題1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Reading and writing are very important.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is, and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞，共用一個(gè)冠詞用單數(shù)，表示The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C.

20、 are D. were答案B.注：先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮.這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，先排除A.,C.本題易誤選D,因?yàn)?The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor 前沒(méi)有 the,在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞.后面的職務(wù)用and相連.這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選 B.2主謂一致中的就近原則當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-stu

21、dents and twenty-three girl-students in the class.總的來(lái)說(shuō)， 在由 not only - but also , not just but ，or,either or，neither nor連接 主語(yǔ)的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.There is a pen ,a few envelo

22、ps and some paper for you.3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with ,together with ,like, except ,but ,no less than ,as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.4謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)1）代詞each和由every ,some ,no ,any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有 each ,eve

23、ry,謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù).Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.一千零一夜 是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū).3）表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間.距離.價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).（用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變.）Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparat

24、ions.Ten yuan is enough.5指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)1）在代詞 what ,which ,who ,none ,some ,any ,more ,most ,all 等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)決定.All is right.（一切順利.）All are present.（所有人都到齊了 .）2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定.如family ,team , group ,club ,public ,audience ,crew ,crowd ,class ,company committee 等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)， 意為這個(gè) 集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體.His family isn't very large.他家不是一個(gè)大家庭 .His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者.但集合名詞people ,police ,cat