1、2016年6月大學英語四級真題試卷及答案試卷一（完整版）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthi

2、ssection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughth

3、ecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)TheInternationalLaborOrganizationkeyobjective.B)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.D)Globaleconomicrecovery.2. A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.B)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddre

4、ssthecurrenteconomiccrisis.C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.D)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.C)Increaseproteincontentint

5、hefood.D)Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.4. A)Theywillbefined.B)Theywillbeclosed.C)Theywillgetawarning.D)Theywilllosecustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.B)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.C)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodelofth

6、eirown.D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.6. A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.C)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.D)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.7. A)Itshardworkingemployees.B)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.C)Itsinnovationculture.D)Itswillingnesstomak

7、einvestments.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondinglet

8、teronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Hesgotaddictedtotechnology.B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.9. A)Talkbig.B)Talkatlength.C)Gossipalot.D)Forgetherself.10. A)Hethough

9、titwascool.B)Heneededthepractice.C)Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.D)Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.11. A)Itposesachallengetoseniors.B)Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.C)Itischildishandunprofessional.D)Itiscoolandconvenient.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)Hewantstochangehisjobassig

10、nment.B)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.C)Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.D)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.13. A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.B)Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.C)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.D)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.14. A)Heneverknowshowtorefu

11、se.B)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.D)Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.15. A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.B)Waitandseewhathappensnext.C)Learntosaynowhennecessary.D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillh

12、earthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Theimp

13、ortanceofsleeptoahealthylife.B)ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep.C)Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.D)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.17. A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious.B)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.C)Theygetlessandlesssleep.D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.18. A)Theirweightwillgodown.

14、B)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.D)Theirbloodpressurewillrise.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.C)Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.D)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.20. A)Th

15、elistofcoursesstudied.B)Thefullrecordofscores.C)Thereferencesfromteachers.D)Thepersonalstatement.21. A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.D)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversit

16、y.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.C)ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.D)ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.23. A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.B)Theytooktwopassengersonly.C)Theyweredifficulttodrive.D)Theyoftenbrokedown.24.

17、 A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.B)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.C)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.D)Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.25. A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.B)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.D)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40m

18、inutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachit

19、emonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere'sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,wheth

20、eratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28,investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverw

21、hetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteado

22、fontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynot be32improvebloodexclusive. Physical activity can33 to the brain, fuelingmemory, 34bodies when theyattentionandcreativity,whicharetolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhilei

23、tmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheir'rerunniagpund,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A)attendanceB)consequentlyC)currentD)depressingE)droppingF)essentialG)feasibleH)flowI)moodJ)mutuallyK)particularlyL)performanceM)reviewN)surviveO)tendSectionBDirections:Inthissecti

24、on,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

25、.FindingtheRightHomeandContentment,TooA Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacilityamomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfearwhatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.B Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinterio

26、rdesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）？Candoingone'shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.C Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthechar

27、acteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatest

28、hatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.D Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradu

29、ltcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.E "Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,Ju

30、lieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption-don'tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan't?F Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfa

31、cilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.G Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidentsresponses."Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmentth

32、eyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristicshowhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.H Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepresse

33、dinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorwo

34、rseexperiences."Youcan'tjustsay,putthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghomeshewillbemuchbetteroff,"Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.I Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-st

35、atestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariablesthefacilitytypse,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwashadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmo

36、stwastheresidentsphysicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.J AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparen

37、ursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.)K Beforewecollectivelytearou

38、rhairout一howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician(老年病學專家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:"Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”L Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,

39、anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.aFamiliescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy)”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.M Weallhaveourownideasa

40、boutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplaceitiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherre

41、sidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.N Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36 .Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfinda

42、placeotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.37 .Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.1.1 Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.39 .Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesan

43、dthecarefacilitytheylivein.40 .Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.41 .ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.42 .Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundreside

44、ntsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.43 .Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.44 .Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.45 .Aresidentsasisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadpart

45、icipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasin

46、glelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesint

47、oaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotransateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"

48、;saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'thinkthat'tsekindofthingaproper

49、lybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthuma

50、nvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunit

51、ytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟聲）,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.46 .What

52、doestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers.B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluestranslatedintotheirlanguage.D)Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilatechnologygetsmoresophisticated.47 .Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesou

53、rpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyareaggressive.B)Theyareoutgoing.C)Theyareignorant.D)Theyareill-bred.48 .Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?A)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B)Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.D)Byi

54、mitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.49 .Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?A)keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.C)Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.D)Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.50 .Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnh

55、umanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?A)Determinewhatismoralandethical.B)Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.C)Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D)Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keep

56、ingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（長壽）?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleas

57、t100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic（神經質的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsand

58、helpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobe