1、汽車焊接夾具設計外文文獻譯(含：英文原文及中文譯文)文獻出處：SemjonKim.DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesJ.Computer-AidedDesign,2021,3(12):21-32.英文原文DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesSemjonKim1AbstractAccordingtothedesigntheoryofcarbodyweldingfixture,theweldingfixtureandweldingbusofeachstationareplannedanddesigned.Thenthefixtureis

2、modeledandassembled.Thenumberandmodelofthefixturearedeterminedandtheaccessibilityisjudged.Designedtomeettherequirementsoftheweldingfixture.Keywords:weldedparts;foundation;clamping;position1IntroductionAssemblyandweldingfixturesarecloselyrelatedtotheproductionofhigh-qualityautomotiveequipmentinautomo

3、tivebodyassemblyandweldinglines.Weldedfixturesareanimportantpartoftheweldingprocess.Assemblyandweldingfixturesarenotonlythewaytocompletetheassemblyofpartsinthisprocess,butalsoasatestandcalibrationprocedureontheproductionlinetocompletethetaskoftestingweldingaccessoriesandweldingquality.Therefore,thed

4、esignandmanufactureofweldingfixturesdirectlyaffecttheproductioncapacityandproductqualityoftheautomobileintheweldingprocess.Automotiveweldingfixturesareanimportantmeansofensuringtheirmanufacturingqualityandshorteningtheirmanufacturingcycle.Therefore,itisindispensabletocorrectlyunderstandthekeypointso

5、fweldingfixturedesign,improveandincreasethedesignmeansanddesignlevelofweldingfixtures,andimprovetheadjustmentandverificationleveloffixtures.Itisalsoanautomanufacturingcompanyinthefiercecompetition.Theproblemthatmustbesolvedtosurvive.Thestyleofthecarisdifferentfromthatofthecar.Therefore,theshapeofthe

6、weldingjigisverydifferent.However,thedesign,manufacture,andadjustmentarecommonandcanbeusedforreference.2.StructuraldesignofweldingfixtureThestructuredesignoftheweldingfixtureensuresthatthecliphasgoodoperationalconvenienceandreliablepositioningofthefixture.Manufacturersofweldingfixturescanalsoeasilyi

7、ntegrateadjustmentstoensurethatthesurfacesofthevariouspartsofthestructureshouldallowenoughroomforadjustmentstoensurethree-dimensionaladjustment.Ofcourse,underthepremiseofensuringtheaccuracyoftheweldingjig,thestructureoftheweldingjigshouldbeassimpleaspossible.Thefixturedesignisusuallythepositionofall

8、componentsonthefixtureisdetermineddirectlybasedonthedesignbasis,andultimatelyensurethatthequalifiedweldingfixturestructureismanufactured.Accordingtotheworkingheight,theheightofthefixturebottomplatecanbepreliminarilydetermined,thatis,theheightofthefixturefixingposition.Theweldingfixturedesignmustfirs

9、tconsidertheclampingmethod.Therearetwotypes,manualandpneumatic.Manualclampingisgenerallysuitableforsmallparts,externalparts,andsmallbatchesofworkpieces.Forlargebodyparts,planningintheproductionline,automationHigh-demandweldingfixturesshouldbepneumaticallyclamped.Automobileproductionisgenerallypneuma

10、ticallyclamped,andmanualmassclampingcanbeusedasauxiliaryclamping.Thiscanreducecostsaccordingly.Somemanualclampingproductsalreadyhavestandardmodelsandquantities,whichcanbepurchasedinthemarketwhenneeded.Forsomedevices,pneumaticclampingisspecified,butifpneumaticclampingisused,theworkpiecemaybedamaged.T

11、herefore,itispossibletomanuallypresstheplacefirsttoprovideapneumaticclampingforcetoclamptheworkpiece.Thisismanual-pneumatic.Thefixtureclampingsystemismountedonalargeplatform,allofwhicharefixedinthisweldingpositiontoensurethattheweldingconditionsshouldmeetthedesigndimensionsoftheworkpiececoordinatesy

12、stempositioningfixture,whichinvolvesthebenchmark.3. Benchmarksofassemblyandweldingfixturesandtheirchosensupportsurfaces3.1 DeterminationofdesignbasisInordertoensurethatthethree-dimensionalcoordinatesoftheautomaticweldmentsystemareconsistent,allweldingfixturesmusthaveacommonreferenceinthesystem.Thebe

13、nchmarkisthefixturemountingplatform.ThisistheX,Ycoordinate,eachspecificcomponentisfixedatthecorrespondingpositionontheplatform,andhasacorrespondingheight.Therefore,theZcoordinateshouldbecoordinated,andathree-dimensionalXYZcoordinatesystemisestablished.Inordertofacilitatetheinstallationandmeasurement

14、ofthefixture,themountingplatformmusthavecoordinatesforreference.Thereareusuallythreetypes.Thestructureisasfollows:3.1.1 ReferenceholemethodTherearefourreferenceholesinthedesignoftheinstallationplatform,inwhichthetwodirectionsofthecentercoordinatesofeachholeandthecoordinatesofthefourholesconstitutetw

15、omutuallyperpendicularlines.ThisisthecollectionontheXYplanecoordinatesystem.Theestablishmentofthisbenchmarkisrelativelysimpleandeasytoprocess,butthemeasurementsandbenchmarksusedatthesametimeareaccurate.Anyshapeiscomposedofspatialpoints.Allgeometricmeasurementscanbeattributedtomeasurementsofspatialpo

16、ints.Accuratespatialcoordinateacquisitionisthereforethebasisforassessinganygeometricshape.ReferenceAcoordinateddirectionformedbyonesideneartwodatums.3.1.2 v-typedetectionmethodInthismethod,themountingplatformisdividedintotwo90-degreeranges.Thelinesofthetwoaxesmakeupaplane-mountedplatform.Theplaneisp

17、erpendiculartotheplatform.ThesurfaceformsofthesetwoaxisgroovesXYplanecoordinatesystem.3.1.3 ReferenceblockmethodReferenceUsingthesideblockperpendiculartothe3DXYZcoordinatesystem,thebaseofagageand3to4blockscanbemounteddirectlyontheplatform,orabearingfixingfixtureplatformcanbeadded,buttheheightofthere

18、ferenceplanemustbeusedtocontroltheheight,mustensurethesamedirection.Whenmanufacturing,itismoredifficulttoadjusttheprevioustwomethodsoftheblock,butthiskindofmeasurementisextremelyconvenient,especiallyusingtheCMMmeasurement.Thismethodrequiresarelativelylowsurfacemountplatformforthereferenceblock,soala

19、rgersizedmountingplatformshouldusethismethod.Eachfixturemusthaveafixedcoordinatesystem.Inthiscoordinatesystem,itssupportingbasecoordinatedimensionsshouldsupporttheworkpieceandthecoordinatescorrespondtothesamesize.Sothechoiceofbearingsurfaceinthewholeweldingfixturesystem3.2Whenthebearingsurfaceissele

20、cted,theanglebetweenthetangentplaneandthemountingplatformonthefixedsurfaceoftheweldingtestpieceshallnotbegreaterthan15degrees.Theinspectionsurfaceshouldbethesameastheweldedpipefittingsasmuchaspossiblefortheconvenienceofflatsurfacetreatmentandadjustment.Thesurfacestructureofthebearingshouldbedesigned

21、sothatthemodulecanbeeasilyhandled,andthisnumbercanbeusedforthenumericalcontrolofthebearingsurfaceoftheproduct.Ofcourse,designingthevehiclebodycoordinatepointisnotnecessarilysuitableforthebearingsurface,especiallytheNCfixture.ThisrequiresthesupportofthefixturetoblocktheaccesspointS,basedonwhichthedig

22、italsurfaceisestablished.Thissurfaceshouldbeconsistentwiththesupportedsurface.Soatthistime,itiseasierandeasiertomanufacturethebasepointS,CNCmachining,precisionmachiningandassemblyanddebugging.3.2 BasicrequirementsforweldingfixtureIntheprocessofautomobileassemblyandproduction,therearecertainrequireme

23、ntsforthefixture.First,accordingtothedesignoftheautomobileandtherequirementsoftheweldingprocess,theshape,sizeandprecisionofthefixturehavereachedthedesignrequirementsandtechnicalrequirements.Thisisalinkthatcannotbeignored,andthefirstconsiderationinthedesignofweldingfixtureisconsidered.Whenassembling,

24、thepartsorpartsoftheassemblyshouldbeconsistentwiththepositionofthedesigndrawingsofthecarandtightenwiththefixture.Atthesametime,thepositionshouldbeadjustedtoensurethatthepositionoftheassemblypartsisclampedaccuratelysoastoavoidthedeformationormovementofthepartsduringthewelding.Therefore,thisputsforwar

25、dhigherrequirementsforweldingjig.Inordertoensurethesmoothprocessofautomobileweldingandimprovetheproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefit,theworkersoperateconveniently,reducethestrengthofthewelderswork,ensuretheprecisionoftheautomobileassemblyandimprovethequalityoftheautomobileproduction.Therefore,when

26、thefixturedesignisdesigned,thedesignstructureshouldberelativelysimple,ithasgoodoperability,itisrelativelyeasytomakeandmaintain,andthereplacementoffixturepartsismoreconvenientwhenthefixturepartsaredamaged,andthecostisrelativelyeconomicalandreasonable.Buttheweldingfixturemustmeettheconstructiontechnol

27、ogyrequirements.Whenthefixtureiswelded,thestructureofthefixtureshouldbeopensothattheweldingequipmentiseasytoclosetotheworkingposition,whichreducesthelaborintensityoftheworkersandimprovestheproductionefficiency.4. PositiontheworkpieceThegeneralpositionoftheworkpiecesurfacefeaturesisdeterminedrelative

28、totheholeortheapparentpositioningreferencesurface.Itiscommonlyusedasalocatingpinassembly.Itisdividedintotwoparts:clampingpositioningandfixedpositioning.Takingintoaccounttheweldingpositionandallweldingequipment,itisnotpossibletoinfluencetheremovalofthefinalweld,butalsotoallowtheweldingclamportorchtor

29、eachtheweldingposition.Fortrulyinfluentialpositioningpinsandthelike,considerusingmovablepositioningpins.Inordertofacilitatetheentryandexitofparts,telescopicpositioningpinsareavailable.Thespecificstructurecanbefoundinthemanual.Theinstallationofweldingfixturesshouldbeconvenientforconstruction,andthere

30、shouldbeenoughspaceforassemblyandwelding.Itmustnotaffecttheweldingoperationandtheweldersobservation,anditdoesnothindertheloadingandunloadingoftheweldment.Allpositioningelementsandclampingmechanismsshouldbekeptataproperdistancefromthesolderjointsorbeplacedunderoronthesurfaceoftheweldment.Theactuatoro

31、ftheclampingmechanismshouldbeabletoflexorindex.Accordingtotheformationprinciple,theworkpieceisclampedandpositioned.Thenopenthefixturetoremovetheworkpiece.Makesurethefixturedoesnotinterferewithopeningandclosing.Inordertoreducetheauxiliarytimeforloadingandunloadingworkpieces,theclampingdeviceshoulduse

32、high-efficiencyandquickdevicesandmulti-pointlinkagemechanisms.Forthin-platestampings,thepointofapplicationoftheclampingforceshouldactonthebearingsurface.Onlypartsthatareveryrigidcanbeallowedtoactintheplaneformedbyseveralbearingpointssothattheclampingforcedoesnotbendtheworkpieceordeviatefromthepositi

33、oningreference.Inaddition,itmustbedesignedsothatitdoesnotpinchthehandwhentheclampingmechanismisclampedtoopen.5. WorkstationmobilizationofweldingpartsMostautomotivesolderfittingsaresolderedtocompleteinseveralprocesses.Therefore,itneedsatransmissiondevice.Usuallytheworkpieceshouldavoidtheinterferenceo

34、ftheweldingfixturebeforetransmission.Thefirststepistolifttheworkpiece.Thisrequirestheuseofanelevator,acrane,arackandpinion,etc.TheracksandgearsatthistimeStructure,theirstructuralprocessing,connectionisnotassimpleasthecompletionofthestructureofthetransmissionbetweentheusualconnectionstructureofthesta

35、tion,thereareseveralforms,suchasgears,rackdrivemechanism,transmissionmechanism,rockermechanism,duetothereciprocatingmotion,shakeThetransferofthearmmechanismtothecommissioningisbetterthantheotherone,sothecommonrockerarmtransfermechanismisgenerallyused.6. ConclusionInrecentyears,howtocorrectlyandreaso

36、nablysettheauxiliarypositioningsupportforautomotiveweldingfixturesisanextremelycomplicatedsystemproblem.Althoughwehaveaccumulatedsomeexperienceinthisarea,thereisstillmuchtobelearnedinthisfield.Learnandresearchtoprovidenewtheoreticalsupportforcontinuousdevelopmentandinnovationinthefieldofweldingfixtu

37、redesign.WiththedevelopmentoftheChineseautomotiveindustry,moreandmoreweldingfixturesareneeded.Althoughtheprincipleofthefixtureisverysimple,therealdesignandmanufactureofahigh-qualityweldingfixturesystemisanextremelycomplicatedproject.中文譯文汽車焊接夾具的設計SemjonKim1摘要依據車體焊裝線夾具設計理論,對各工位焊接夾具及其焊裝總線進行規劃、設計,之后進行夾具

38、建模、裝配,插入焊鉗確定其數量、型號及判斷其可達性,最終設計出符合要求的焊接夾具.關鍵詞:焊接部件;根底;夾緊;位置1引言裝配和焊接夾具在汽車車身裝配和焊接生產線與生產制造優質的汽車設備息息相關.焊裝夾具,是焊接工藝的重要組成局部.裝配和焊接夾具除了是完成這個過程中零部件裝配的途徑和定位,同時在生產線上也作為一個測試和校準程序,完成檢測焊接配件和焊接質量的任務.因此焊裝夾具的設計和制造,直接影響焊接過程中汽車的生產水平和產品質量.汽車焊裝夾具是保證其制造質量、縮短其制造周期的重要手段.因此,正確理解焊裝夾具設計要點,改善和提升焊裝夾具的設計手段和設計水平,并提升夾具的調整和驗證水平等三方面都是

39、必不可少的,也是汽車制造公司在劇烈的競爭中得以生存所必須解決的問題.汽車的風格不同,焊接夾具的形狀,因而有著很大的不同,但在設計、制造和調整都是共同的,可以借鑒采用.2焊接夾具的結構設計焊接夾具的結構設計,保證該夾具有良好的操作方便性、裝夾定位的可靠性.焊裝夾具的制造商也很容易集成的調整,以保證結構各局部的外表應該允許足夠的空間用于調整,以保證立體可調.當然,在保證焊接夾具質量準確性的前提下,焊接夾具的結構應盡可能簡單.夾具設計通常是夾具上全部元件的位置都是直接根據設計基準確定的,最終保證制造出合格的焊接工裝結構.根據作業高度可初步決定夾具底板的高度,即夾具固定位置的高度.焊接夾具設計首先要考

40、慮夾緊方式,一般有手動和氣動兩種,手動夾緊一般適合于小件、外協件、小批量工件焊裝,對于大型車體部件、規劃于生產線內、自動化程度要求高的焊接夾具宜選用氣動夾緊,汽車生產的一般采用氣動夾緊,然后手工大批量夾緊可作為輔助夾緊.這樣可以相應的降低本錢.局部手動夾緊產品已擁有標準的型號和數量,需要時可以到市場購置即可.對于某些裝置,規定采用氣動夾緊,但如果直接使用氣動夾緊,可能損壞的工件,所以,可以由人工先按地方,來提供一種氣動夾緊力夾緊工件,這是手動-氣動.該夾具夾緊系統是安裝在一個大平臺,所有固定在此保證焊接位置的焊接條件應符合設計尺寸的工件坐標系定位夾具,這牽涉到的基3 .裝配和焊接夾具的基準和他

41、們所選擇的支撐面3.1 設計基準確實定為了保證自動焊件系統的三維空間坐標一致,所有的焊裝夾具在該系統中必須有一個共同的基準.該基準是夾具安裝平臺,這是X,Y坐標、每一個具體部件都固定在平臺相應位置,要具有相應的高度,所以,應協調Z坐標,由此建立了三維XYZ坐標系統.為了方便夾具的安裝及測量、安裝平臺必須有坐標的參考,通常有三種類型.結構如下：3.1.1基準孔的方法安裝平臺設計時有四個基準孔,其中每一個孔圓心坐標的兩個方向、四個孔的坐標構成兩條相互垂直的線.這就是,XY平面坐標系統上集合.這個基準的建立相對簡單,易加工,但同時使用的測量與基準精確.任何形狀都是由空間點組成的,所有的幾何量測量都可

42、以歸結為空間點的測量,因此精確進行空間點坐標的采集,是評定任何幾何形狀的根底.參考一側靠近兩個基準形成的一個協調的方向.3.1.2 v型檢測法這種方法是在這一過程中安裝平臺分為每兩個90度范圍的,這兩條軸線的線組成一平面垂直安裝的平臺,這樣平面垂直于平臺,這兩個軸線溝梢的外表形式XY平面坐標系統.3.1.3 參測試塊法參考使用側塊垂直于三維XYZ坐標系統,通常是一個檢具的底座與3到4塊可直接安裝在平臺上,也可以添加一個軸承固定夾具平臺,但需要參考塊的最后一個平面來限制高度,必須保證方向一致.制造時,調整塊在前面的兩種方法是較為困難的,但這種測量極為方便,尤其是使用CMM測量.該方法要求用的基準塊平面加工安裝平臺相對較低,所以大一點的尺寸的安裝平臺應該使用這種方法.每個夾具必須具有固定坐標系統,在這個坐標系統,它的支撐根底坐標尺寸應該支持工件以及坐標對應于同樣的大小.所以在整個的焊裝夾具系統3.2軸承外表的選擇軸承外表選擇時,使用焊接