1、. 專題三 代詞 用于替代名詞的詞叫代詞。代詞通常分指示代詞、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、互相代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞、連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞。一、指示代詞 指示代詞表示“這this、“這些these、“那that、“那些those，此外，還有“這樣such和“同樣same。一this, that, those和these在句子中通常充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、和定語，如：This is all want to tell you.主語You must finish your homework soon. Can you remember that?賓語Its this, not that.表語 The

2、se women are cooking for the party.定語二same和such的用法same“同樣的，前面必須加定冠詞the，在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。也常用在the same as的句型中，意為“和 一樣，如：She has the same book as I have. Mike is the same tall as Jack is. such“這樣的，在句子中充當(dāng)主語、表語、和定語，其中作定語時要放在冠詞之前，如：We are lucky to have such a good teacher.such 也常用在 such that如此 以致于和such as

3、 像 一樣句型中，如：She is such a kind girl that we all like her. I have never seen such a man as you talk about.二、人稱代詞 人稱代詞表示“你、“我、“他她、它、“你們、“我們、“他們她們、它們，有數(shù)和格的變化，請見下表： 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 第三人稱 he him they them she her it it 人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語，賓格那么作賓語。作表語時，用賓格較多，尤其在口語中，如：Who

4、is behind the door?Its me. 使用人稱代詞要注意：人稱代詞的排列順序口訣人稱代詞并列觀， 注意順序禮貌見。單數(shù)人稱二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)人稱一、二、三。費事事情“我站前，其它人稱沒意見。兩性并用為三單， 男先女后是習(xí)慣。1.不同的人稱代詞并列時，排列順序是：you, he/ she and I以及we, you and they。第三人稱男女并列時，先男后女，如：He and she often quarrel these years.但如表示做錯事，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時，第一人稱通常放前，如：Who broke the windows?I and Jack did.I and he

5、broke the glass just now.2.有時we, you和they可泛指，表一般的人，如：We couldnt live without water.You cant see the birds on such a cold day.They dont let the children in.3.在非正式英語中，人稱代詞做的表語時，通常用賓格：Who is it?Its me.4.在比較句型中，在不引起誤解的前提下，可以用賓格代替主格：He seems to be shorter than me.5.在感慨句中，常用賓格：Dear me!6.it的用法1通常，it指代動物或無生

6、命的事物，但如表擬人化，那么可用其別人稱代詞，如：I keep a lovely cat, and she always plays with me.2it指代嬰兒，幼兒：Dont call the baby. It is sleeping.3it指時間、間隔 、天氣等：Its very far from our school to the house. Its Sunday today.4打 中指人：Hello, its Mary.5作形式主語和形式賓語：Its important to attend the meeting on time. I think it necessary to

7、tell him the truth.6用在強調(diào)句中：It is the book that I want to buy.7it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞，尤其是表示好惡的動詞，如：enjoy ,like ,love ,dislike ,hate,Resent ,dont mind ,be fond of ,feel like ,See to 后，再加賓語從句。6、 強調(diào)句It is was +強調(diào)部分 that從句8、make,find,think,等+it+形容詞to do三、物主代詞 物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，其有人稱和數(shù)的變化：形容詞物主代詞 名詞性

8、物主代詞 單 數(shù)第一人稱 my mine第二人稱 your yours第三人稱 his his her hers its its 復(fù) 數(shù)第一人稱 our ours第二人稱 your yours第三人稱 their theirs 形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的特性，在句子中只能作定語。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，具有名詞特性，在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語。此外還可與of連用，表所屬關(guān)系，如：He is a good friend of mine.四、反身代詞 反身代詞表某人自己，其形式如下表： 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單 數(shù) myself yourselfhimselfher

9、selfitself復(fù) 數(shù)ourselvesyourselves themselves 反身代詞在句子中可充當(dāng)賓語、同位語和表語，如：Help yourself to some fish.The man teaches himself French when he is free.They themselves worked out the problem.I am not myself today.我今天不太舒適。表語。反身代詞與系動詞be, look, feel, seem連用，描繪一種感覺、情緒或狀態(tài)。 注：有關(guān)反身代詞的短語：by oneself 單獨做 of oneself自動地 f

10、or oneself替為自己 help oneselfto 自便，隨意吃 enjoy oneself過得愉快五、互相代詞 顧名思義，互相代詞表示互相關(guān)系。只有each other和one another兩個互相代詞，前者表示兩者之間，而后者表示兩個以上之間。它們的所有格為each others, one anothers。互相代詞通常作介詞或動詞的賓語，如：Since we all are good friends, we should help one another.Tom and Jack always write to each other.詞義指兩個人或物的指三個或三個以上人或物每一

11、個eachevery任何一個eitherany另一個the other another都bothall都不neithernone在之間betweenamongThere are many trees on each side of the street.六、疑問代詞 疑問代詞who, whom, whose, what, which用于引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，以ever結(jié)尾的疑問代詞為強調(diào)形式，意為“無論，終究。1.who指人，作主語和表語：Who invited you to see the movie?主語Who is the girl in red?表語2.whom指人，只作賓語：Whom/ w

12、ho were you looking after?口語中，who可代替whom，但前有介詞時，仍用whom: With whom were you talking?3.whose實際上是who的賓格，作主語、定語、賓語和表語：Look at the twins pictures. Whose is better? 主語 Whose will be choose? Guess! 賓語 Whose novel do you prefer?定語 Whose this house is?表語4.what指事物，作主語、定語、賓語和表語：What happened to you yesterday?主

13、語What is your father?主語，詢問職業(yè)。 What color is it?定語 What time will you go to school?定語5.which指人或事物，作主語、定語、賓語：Which is heavier, a whale or an elephant?主語 Which dictionary do you think is useful?定語 Which do you like best?賓語 注意：what與某些名詞的固定搭配，與漢語有區(qū)別： What is the population/ distance/ price/ attitude capi

14、tal/ address?七、不定代詞 不定代詞用于替代不確定的人或事物，其用法較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)將一些主要的不一定詞做一歸納和比較。1.both, allboth用于指代或修飾兩個人或事物，“兩個都；all那么用于指代或修飾兩個以上的人或事物，或不可數(shù)的事物。它們都可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語，如：All have gone well.主語 Both of them like playing computers.主語They have already known all.賓語 Please require the both not to smoke here.賓語 All the books hav

15、e been sold out.定語 Both scientists were awarded.定語 We all felt excited at the news.同位語 You both are allowed to enter.同位語此外，all也可充當(dāng)表語，如：Is that all?2. both, either, neitherboth指“兩者都，為復(fù)數(shù)概念，表肯定意義；either指“兩者中的一個，為單數(shù)概念，也表肯定意義；neither指“兩者中沒有一個，為單數(shù)概念，表否認(rèn)意義。這三個代詞都可在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語和定語，如：Neither of the boys is late

16、 today.主語 Coffee or tea? You can give me either.賓語 Both ways can get to the town.定語此外要注意both and和都，either or或者 或者和neither nor既不 也不的構(gòu)造，當(dāng)both and做主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，而后兩個構(gòu)造做主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與or或nor后的名詞或代詞一致，如：Neither he nor you were called. Both you and he have been called. Either you or he was called just now.3

17、. no, no one, noneno “沒有，只能作定語，修飾名詞，相當(dāng)于 not any, not a/an, 如： I have no difficulty with maths. Theres no milk left in the bottle.no one“沒有一個人，不能和of連用，在句中充當(dāng)主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)； none“沒有任何人或事物兩者以上，可單獨用或與of連用，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，做主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，如： Its none of your business. No one has seen him smoke in the room. None

18、 of the machines is/are working now.4. each, everya each指代或修飾人或事物的每一個，可做定語、主語、賓語和同位語，后可跟 of；但 every 只能修飾人或事物的每一個，只能做定語，不和of連用，如： Each/Every room has one window.定語 They each own a new desk.同位語 Each speaks English well.主語 Each of the students has a book.主語注： each和 every后的名詞只能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞為單數(shù)， each of 后

19、的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)。b each 強調(diào)個性，every強調(diào)共性。5. one, it, that不定代詞one“一，代替前面所提到的同類名詞，但不代替前面的名詞本身，它只指代替可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 ones。它前面常有自己的定語。指示代詞 it代替前面提到的名詞本身，可代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 they。指示代詞that 代替前面所提到的同類名詞，尤其是后置修飾語的名詞，它可代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those，它相當(dāng)于 the ones。There are some apples in the fridge. Do you want to h

20、ave one? I heard you bought a picture. I wonder if I could look at it. The teacher gave the books to all students except those who were not in the classroom.6. other, anotherOther表“另外的人或事物，作主語、定語和賓語。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 others=other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。假設(shè)表示“兩個中的另一個用 the other,“整體兩部分中的另外一部分用 the others/ the rest=the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。通

21、常用于下面的構(gòu)造中： one the other “兩個中的一個 另一個 some others “一些 另一些如： I received two letters. One is from Jack, and the other is from Jenny.Some pupils are singing, and others are dancing.another 泛指三者或三者以上的另外一個，可指代人或事物，在句子中作主語、賓語和定語等。如： This glass is broken. Could you give me another? Anther作形容詞時，表“又，再等意，如： I

22、am busy now. I will call you another time. Another 10 desks are needed.7. some, any兩者都用于指代和修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。通常some用于肯定句，any用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句，如：There are some vegetables on the table. I dont have any salt. Do you have any? 注：some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前表示“某一，如：She heard some man sing.some可用于疑問句中表懇求或邀請、勸告或建議以及希望或意料得到肯定的答復(fù)，如：Co

23、uld you give me some advice? Why dont you try some new methode? any用于肯定句，表“任何一個，如：You may come at any time.8.many, muchmany和much都表示“許多、大量。many用于指代和修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，much指代和修飾不可數(shù)名詞。在句中它們可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語和表語。9.a few, a littlefew和a few指代和修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little指代和修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a few和a little含肯定意義，“有一些，有一點，few和little含否認(rèn)意義，“沒

24、多少，沒幾個。它們可做主語、賓語和定語。10.every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞Every, some, any, no與thing, body, one 構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞，如：everything, somebody, someone, nobody等注：no one。復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可作主語、賓語和表語。如：Everything is ready for you. Dont tell anybody about it. Is someone here?注：somebody, someone, anybody, anyone的用法與some, any的用法類似。不定

25、代詞均表示單數(shù)概念。修飾不定代詞的形容詞要后置，如：Lets talk something important in todays newspaper.everyone等同于everybody，指人；every one那么指人也指物，后可跟of短語，如：Everyone/ Every one here is listening carefully to the chairman. I have read every one of her letters.此外，使用不定代詞時還應(yīng)注意：not和all, every, both連用時，表示部分否認(rèn)，意為“不是所有的，“不是每一個，“不是兩個都。al

26、l, both, each, many, much, some, any, either, neither, none, some one, every one, any one等不定代詞后可跟of，構(gòu)成of+人稱代詞賓格或of+限定詞+名詞構(gòu)造。如：Some of them can play the violin. Each of the boys was given one book.【例題精析】例1. Whom can you trust, if not _ ? A. him B. I C. hers D、 they解析：注意此題問的是whom，充當(dāng)trust的賓語，“if not_ ?

27、是一個省略句，完好的句子應(yīng)當(dāng)是“if you dont trust _ ?，要選的代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是充當(dāng)trust的賓語，只能用賓格形式。整句話的意思是“假如你不信任他，那么你還可以信誰呢？答案：A。例2. How many English novels have you read so far? _ ?A. Nobody B. None C. Nothing D. No one解析：nobody沒有人；none沒有任何人或物兩者以上，可以單獨使用；nothing沒有什么東西；no one沒有一個人。題目問的是書的數(shù)量，回容許是“沒有一本。答案：B 。例3. I think the weather i

28、n Kunming is much better than _ in Shanghai.A. it B. one C. this D. that解析：根據(jù)題意首先要排除this，要注意指示代詞it，one, that的區(qū)別：it上文提過的同一件事物的本身，one與上文提過的同樣的另一件事物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞，that上文提過的同類事物，通常后面有修飾語。答案：D。 專題測試1.How much money is left in your pocket? _ .A. Not many B. No one C. Not all D. None2.I found _ impolite _ us to

29、 leave without saying goodbye. A.it, for B.it, of C.this, for D.this, of3.It is said _ an important conference will be held in this city. A. that B. what C. this D. which4.Paul and Peter were both very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. neither B. none C. either D. all5. What color i

30、s your bag? My bag is the same color _. A.like you B.like yours C.as you D.as yours6.All these books arent secondhand, and _ of them are new. A. all B. none C. some D. each7.Toms mother kept telling him that he mustnt smoke, but _ didnt work.A. he B. what C. it D. she8._ is reported in the newspaper

31、 that the new president will take office next week.A. As B. What C. Which D. It9.Will you come to my house on Saturday or Sunday?Of course, _ day will be OK.A. any B. either C. any D. all10.I mistook _ to be _ .A.her,mine B.hers,me C.she,my D.hers,mine11.Can your teacher speak French or English? She

32、 can speak _ of them.A. all B. any C. both D. every12.The light is still on. Whos in the room? _ .A. None B. No C. Nothing D. No one13.I want to move to the countryside because the air there is fresher than _in the city.A. one B. that C. those D. it14.We have been looking for a suitable house but ha

33、vent found _ we like yet.A. it B. one C. that D. those15.I had to buy _ of these books because I dont know which one is the best.A. both B. none C. neither D. all16.She does not know anyone here. She has got _ to talk to.A. anyone B. someone C.everyone D. no one17.Playing tricks on others is _we sho

34、uld never do.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing18.Tom believed that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it _.A.themselves B.oneself C.itself D.himself19.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white20.At Christmas the foreign teacher gave _ a gift.A.them each B.each t