1、【精品文檔】如有侵權，請聯系網站刪除，僅供學習與交流牛津譯林八年級英語上冊期末復習語法講解(無答案).精品文檔.一、語法專題-形容詞和副詞的比較級（一）形容詞的比較等級(1)用法講解大多數的形容詞都有三個級別：原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更”，用于兩者之間的比較，用來說明“前者比后者更”，比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾，其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。最高級表示“最”，用于三者及三者以上之間的比較，用來說明“某人或某物在某個范圍內最” 形容詞的比較級(-er)和最高級(-est)的構成a. 規則變化之口訣：直接加；去e加；雙寫加；變著加 b.

2、不規則變化原級比較級最高級good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarther, furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest 形容詞的比較級和最高級的構成及用法 比較級前的修飾語still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one

3、fourth, two pounds, three years【小試牛刀】1. I can't run any _(far). Shall we stop for a while? 2. It is not so (hot) today as it was yesterday, 3. _ (hard) you study, _ (good) you will be at English.4.-Which do you like _ (well), English, Maths or Chinese? -English is my favorite subject.5. Our coun

4、try is becoming _ and _ (beautiful).（二）形容詞的比較等級(2)常見句型 A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （與。一樣）He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一樣高。He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父親一樣是個好教師。A B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （與。不一樣）They didnt do as/so much work as you did. 他們干得事沒有你多。Ive never seen as/

5、so old a car as this.我從來沒有見過像這樣舊的車。A > B 或A < B A + V + 比較級 + than + B （比。<更>。）Tom is two years older than his brother. 湯姆比他的弟弟大兩歲。Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我們的教室比他們的大。表示倍數A + V + twice/four times/ + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的兩倍/四倍/）This room is twice as large as that one. 整

6、個房間是那房間的兩倍大。The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。表示程度的遞增主語 + V + 比較級+ and+比較級 (越來越) 主語 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (越來越) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天變得越來越長了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國家變得越來越美了。表示兩種情況同時變化The+ 比較級+ 主語+ V + ，the+ 比較級+ 主語+ V + (

7、越越) The more we get together, the happier well be.=If we get together more, well be happier.我們聚得越多，我們就會越高興。The harder you study, the better youll be at English.= If you study harder, youll be better at English.你學習越努力，你的英語成績越好。 主語+ be +one of the+ 最高級 + n.(pl.) + in/of (是最之一) Beijing is one of the ol

8、dest cities in China.北京是中國最古老的城市之一。 主語+ V。+ the+ 最高級 + in/of (最) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我們班學習最用功的學生之一。 主語+ V。+ the+ 比較級 + of the two (<兩者中>較的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是這兩個雙胞胎中較高的那個。主語+ V。+ 比較級 + than + any other +n. (單數) + in (比任何其他的更)主語+ V。+ 比較級 + than

9、+ any of the other +n. (復數) + in(比任何其他的更)He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班級中其他的任何學生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.= He is the tallest students in his class.【小試牛刀】1. It is not so_ (beautiful) as the one back home. 2. Li Lin is not as_ (active)as he us

10、ed to be. 3. The air pollution is much_ (serious)in our city than in theirs. 4. This is one of the_(delicious)dishes in this restaurant. 5. Judy got the_(many)new ideas of all the students here.三、祈使句（一）祈使句用法講解祈使句指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please

11、. = Please stand up. 請起立。（2）Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一個好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當心！（3）Let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分 Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。 Lets go to school together. 咱們一起上學去吧。2. 否定的祈使句(1) Don't + 動詞原形 Don't stand up. 別站起來。 Don't be careless. 別粗心。 Don't let them

12、play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(2) Let型的否定式有兩種:“Don't + let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 賓語 + not + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”。 Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。 Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(3) no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚!3. 祈使句的強調形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do。 例如：Do shut up! 快住口！ 4.

13、祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用 will或wont。 在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點： 1) 形式一致(即Yes與will保持一致；No與wont保持一致) 2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。 在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機場接我

14、弟弟。 （二）易錯點講解1、放句首時，要注意Dont后面要用動詞原形；2、當人稱后面有標點符號時，要注意是用祈使句還是用三單。如：Lucy, dont be late again. Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.3、祈使句與or的搭配， 如：Hands up, or well shoot. 【趁熱打鐵】1. _ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not2. _ cross the road until the traffic ligh

15、ts turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't3. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing4. _ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell5 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No 6. Sindy, _ to

16、be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure 7._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful 8. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never 四、should和had better（

17、一）should用法講解1. 用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見。如：Should I open the window? 我可以開窗戶嗎？2. should表義務，可用于各種句式，通常指將來。如：You should do what your parents tell you. 你應該照你父母的話去做事。He should do some work, but he doesnt want to.他應該做些工作，但是他不想做。也可指現在。如：You shouldnt be sitting in the sun. 你不應該坐在陽光下。3. should表推測，暗含很大的可能。如：I

18、ts 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 現在是四點半，他們應該到達紐約了。（二）had better用法講解1. had better的基本用法特點其意為“最好”、“應該”，后接動詞原形，與情態動詞should用法相似，其中的had通常縮略為 d。如：Youd better get some sleep你最好去睡一會兒。We had better go before it rains.我們最好在下雨前就去。2. had better如何構成否定式和疑問式構成否定式時，通常將not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而構成疑問式時，則

19、通常將had(而不是had better)置于主語之前。如：Id better not disturb him我最好別去打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦? 【注】在否定疑問句或反意疑問句中可將not與had連用。如：Hadnt we better go now? 我們是不是現在就去呢? 3. had better后接進行式有時后接動詞的進行式，表示最好馬上做某事如：I think Id better be going我想我最好還是馬上走。Youd better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好馬上把衣服準備好。【趁熱打鐵】

20、句式轉換：You should go to school on time.(否定句)_You had better get here early.(否定句)_You should dress neatly.(同義句) _ Wed better put the rubbish in the bin.(劃線提問)_單選( )1. This dictionary belongs to Rita. You _ it home without letting her know. A. had better not to take B. shouldnt take C. neednt take D. sh

21、ouldnt be taking( )2. This is a very important project，so you _ plan it very carefully. A. should B. will C. dare D. need( )3. You had better _ football near the street，its very dangerous. A. not to play B. dont play C. not play D. to not play( )4. Our money is very limited， so you _ so much money o

22、n so dear a skirt. A. shouldnt spent B. shouldnt be spending C. neednt spent D. wont spend動詞不定式1、動詞不定式作賓語一些動詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時，如果后接賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后。應注意有些動詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但所表達的意義不同。常見的有：（1）stop to

23、do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，繼續做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.記住忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 記得忘記做過某事有一些動詞后面后面是省略to的情況，如see, watch, look at, hear, make, let, help等。常考詞組：expect to do 期望做。 refuse to do 拒絕做。 plan to do計劃做。 deci

24、de to do 決定做。agree to do 同意做。 learn to do 學會做。 hope to do 希望做。 prepare to do 準備做。 want to do 想做。 choose to do 選擇做。 wait to do 等待做。wish to do 希望做。2、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。為了強調目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結構有too + adj./adv. + to dosth.等。【趁熱打鐵】1. It took half an hour _(get) to

25、 the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.6. Hel

26、p him _(put) the photos in the correct order. 7. He made the girl _(cry) yesterday.8. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk). 9. Id like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven.英語的簡單句有五種基本句型：掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。主謂； 主謂賓；主系表； 主謂間賓直賓；主謂直賓賓補。過去進行時用法   1、過去進行時表示過去某段時間內持續進行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this mornin

27、g, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：（1）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。      （2）What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？2. 過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發生的事情。時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來

28、表示。如：What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九點她在做什么？ (介詞短語表示時間點)When I saw him he was decorating his room.當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點)1) 掌握過去進行時was / were + doing 表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作，其肯定、否定和疑問形式如下：was/were(+not)ing formIwas(+not)dancing.You/We/Theywere(+not)He/She/Itwas(+not)Was Idancing

29、?Wereyou/we/theyWashe/she/itYes,Iwas.you/we/theywere.he/she/itwas.No,Iwas not/wasnt.you/we/theywere not/werent.he/she/itwas not/wasnt.while, when,aswhen 和 as 既可以指某一點時間，也可以指某一段時間，其從句謂語動詞表示的動作既可以是瞬間性的，也可以是延續性的；while指一段時間，從句的謂語動詞必須是延續性的。即：指一段時間時，when、while和as 都可用；指一點時間時，只能用when 或as，不能用while。試比較： When /

30、 As he woke up, it was eight oclock. (/) While he woke up, it was eight oclock. (X) When/ While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (/) when 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發生；while和as引導的從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發生。 When he finished his homework, he played the computer games for a while. 當他完成作業后，他玩了會兒電腦游戲。（

31、finished先發生） When I got to the museum, the door was closed. 當我趕到博物館時，大門已經關上了。（got to 后發生） While/ As I was sleeping, the telephone rang. 當我睡覺時，電話響了。（was sleeping 和rang同時發生）當主句、從句動作同時發生且從句動作為延續性動詞時，when 、while和as 都可使用。 When/ While/ As she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 當她在打電話時，我正在寫一封

32、電子郵件。（make為延續性動詞） When/while/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 當我們正在看書時，一位陌生人走了進來。（read為延續性動詞）強調兩個動作同時進行，常用“過去進行時+while+過去進行時“結構。如：They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 當我們在爬山時，他們在劃船。強調某個動作發生的時候，另一個動作正在進行，常用“一般過去時+while+ 過去進行時“結構。如： It began to rain heavily while we were havi

33、ng dinner. 我們在吃晚飯時，開始下起大雨。例題鞏固： (1). We were swimming in the lake _ the rain started yesterday. A. when B. while C. until D. before (2).We are going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If (3). Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and

34、they sleep less _ they grow older. A. while B. as C. when D. after但是若強調某個動作正在進行中時，又發生了別的動作，用when從句。when從句必用過去進行時，主句用一般過去時。(表示在when從句正進行期間又發生了主句的動作) 此時, when= while，表時間段。 如:n 當學生們正在讀書時，老師走進了教室。 When/While the students were reading, the teacher came into the classroom.n 昨晚當爸爸和媽媽正在看電視時，我到家了。While my pa

35、rents were watching TV last night, I went home.若主、 從句兩個延續動作同時進行，用while, 則主與從句都用進行時, 此時，while譯為“而”“一邊,一邊”, 如:1. 他正在讀書而我正在學習。 He was reading the newspaper while I was studying.2.貝貝正在唱歌, 而萍萍正在跳舞。 Beibei was singing while Pingping was dancing.3. 她一邊聽歌一邊做作業。 She was doing her homework while she was liste

36、ning to music.4.當玻璃或磚塊落下來時人們瘋狂的跑了出來。People were running wildly while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.5. Suzy 正在堆雪人而Kitty 在她旁邊站著看。 Suzy was making a snowman while Kitty was standing beside her.Exercise 11. What _ your brother _ (do) at nine oclock last night?2. They _ (listen) to music a

37、t that time.3. When I saw him, he _ (search) the Internet.4. They _ (discuss) a problem in the meeting room at this time yesterday.5. _ Amy _ (visit) the Science Museum from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. yesterday?Exercise 21. My wallet dropped on the ground _ I was running.2. _ I was falling asleep, ther

38、e was a loud knock on the door.3. _ he was reading, an earthquake started.4. Were the students listening to the teacher carefully _ the teacher was giving a lesson?5. _ the telephone rang, I became nervous. 掌握while 和 when在過去進行時中的用法：表示兩個持續性的動作在過去同時發生用while，when后接一個短暫性的動作。持續性的動作用過去進行時，短暫性的動作用一般過去時。e.g

39、.： I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.The bell rang while he was reading books. When the bell rang, he was reading books. (以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換) 1、“主短從長”型：即主句是一個短暫性動作，而從句是一個持續性動作，此時三者都可用。如：     Jim hurt his arm whilewhen， as he

40、60;was playing tennis. 吉姆打網球時把手臂扭傷了。    AsWhen， While she was waiting for the train， she became very impatient. 她在等火車時，變得很不耐煩。   2、“主長從長”型：即主句和從句為兩個同時進行的動作或存在的狀態，且強調主句動作或狀態延續到從句所指的整個時間，此時通常要

41、用while。 I always listen to the radio while Im driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機。 He didnt ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.他沒有讓我進去，他只顧看那張條子，

42、讓我站在門口等著。  但是，若主句和從句所表示的兩個同時進行的動作含有“一邊一邊”之意時，則習慣上要用as。如： He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時擺動著手臂。 3、“主長從短”型：即主句是一個持續性動作，而從句是一個短暫性動作，此時可以用as或when，但不能用while。如： It was raining hard when as we arrived. 

43、我們到達時正下著大雨。 When As he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他進來時，我在聽收音機【趁熱打鐵】1.    I _ a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing         b. was cooking, rang    

44、0;c. was cooking, were ringing        d. cooked, rang2.    He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries            b. tried        

45、   c. was trying          d. will try3.    While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing    b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard        d. was watchin

46、g, heard4.    They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching           b. watch         c. watched      d. are watching5.    What book _ yo

47、u _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing     b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw        d. were, reading, was seeing6.    It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting

48、0;         b. get      c. were getting              d. got7.    Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was   &

49、#160;    b. was, thinking, is        c. did, think, is              d. was, thinking, was8.    A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed  b. was see

50、ing, passed c. was seeing, passed  d. was seeing, was passing9.    We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting        b. were waiting, wait     c. waited, waiting   d. waited, wait10

51、.   He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps          b. would help         c. was helping        d. is helping反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數復數單數復數單數復數myself

52、ourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself/herself/itselfthemselves（1）作動詞或介詞的賓語：經常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等動詞和by, for, to, of等介詞后作賓語。通常表示反身代詞與句中的主語是同一人。它在句中作賓語，不能省略，否則該句是一個意義不完整的錯句。如：He is teaching herself English.她在自學英語。She was talking to herself.她自言自語。He liv

53、es by himself in the country.他獨自住在鄉下。（2）作主語或賓語的同位語：主要起加強語氣的作用，譯作“親自，本身，本人”。如：Did you make the cake yourself?這蛋糕是你親自做的嗎?(yourself作主語you的同位語)The work itself is easy.這工作本身很容易。(itself作主語the work的同位語)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你見過王先生本人嗎？(himself作賓語Mr. Wang的同位語)（3）作表語：在be, feel, look, seem等系動詞后作表語，表示身體或

54、精神狀態處于正常。如：Im not myself today.今天我感覺不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我覺得健康如昔。( )1.Helpto some fruits. Thank you. A. yourself B. your C. You( ) 2. Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? Sure. I see it as a chance to prove_ .A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you ( ) 3. Welcome to my

55、new house, Ann and John! Help to some fruit.A. myself B. yourself C. yourselves ( ) 4. I could look after _ when I was five. Really? I cant believe it. A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself( ) 5. - Help _ to some cakes, Jim. - Thanks a lot. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves( ) 6. Yesterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldnt find_. Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one( ) 7. Who is the man over there? He is an old f