1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上計算機英文翻譯學 院 湖州師范學院 專 業(yè) 計算機科學與技術 班 級 學 號 姓 名 指導教師 guhaibo128 職稱 講師2015年 06月 04日<文獻翻譯一：原文>ASP.NET Overview Professional ASP.NET Web ServicesM . America： Wrox Press.2001,4-20.ASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the scrvices necessary for you to build enterprise-cl

2、ass Web applications with a minimum of coding . ASP.NET is part of the . NET Framework , and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the . NET Framework . You can code your applicalions in any Ianguage compatible with Ihe common Ianguage runtime ( CLR ) , including Microsoft V

3、isual Basic , C # , JScripl . NET , andJ # . These Ianguages enable you to develop ASP. NET applications that benefit from the common Ianguage runtime , type safely , inheritance , and so on . ASP.NET Includcs : l A page and controls framework l The ASP.NET compiler l Security infrastructure l State

4、-management facilities l Application connguration l Health monitoring and performance features l Debugging support l An XML Web services framework l Extensiblc hosting environment and application life cycle management l An extensible designer environment The ASP.NET page and controls framework is a

5、Programming fremework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render , ASP.NET Web pages . ASP.NET Web pages can be requested form any browser or client device , and ASP.NET renders markup ( such as HTML ) to the requesting browser , As a rule , you can use the same page for multiple br

6、owsers , because ASP.NET renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request . However , you can design your ASP.NET Web page to target a specific browscr , such as Microsoft Internct Explorcr 6 , and take advantage of the features of that browser . ASP.NET supports mobile controls for

7、 Web-enabled devices such as cellullar phones , handheld conlputers , and personal digital assistants ( PDAs ) . ASP.NET Web pages are completely object-oriented . Within ASP.NET Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties , methods , and events . The ASP.NET page framework removes th

8、e implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web -bascd applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server . The framcwork also。automatically maintains the state of apage and the controls on that Page during the p

9、age processing life cycle . The ASP.NET page and controls famework also enables you to encapsulate common Ul functionality in easy-to-use , reusable controls . Controls are written once , can be used in many pages , and are integrated into the ASP.NET Web page that they are placcd in during renderin

10、g . The ASP.NET page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins . You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level . In addition to themes , you can define master pages that you use

11、 to createa consistent layout for the pages in your application . A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pagcs ( or a group of pages ) in your application . You can then create individual content pages that contain the page-specific content you want t

12、o display . When users request the content pages . they merge with the master page to Produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page . All ASP.NET code is compilce , which enables strong typing , performance optimizations , and early binding . among

13、 other benefits . once the code has been compiled , the common language runtime further compiles ASP.NET code to native code , Providing improved perfbrmance . ASP.NET includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the ASP.NET

14、 hosting environment can then use to service user requests , In addition to the security features of . NET , ASP.NET provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as pertforming other security-related tasks .You can authenticate users using Windo

15、ws authentication supplied by IIS . or you can manage authentication using your own user database using ASP.NET forms authentication and ASP.NET membership . Additionally , you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own c

16、ustom role database using ASP.NET roles . You can easily removc . add to , or replace these schemcs depending upon the needs of your application . ASP.NET always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (

17、ACLs ) , dalabase permissions , and so on , For more information on the identity of ASP.NET , ASP.NET provides intrinsic state management , functionality that enables you to store information between page requests , such as customer information or the colltents of a shopping cart . You can save and

18、manage application-specific , session-specific , page-specific , user-specific , and developer-defined information . This information can be independent of any controls on the page . ASP.NET offers distributed state facilities ,which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances o

19、f the same application on one computer or on several computers . ASP.NET applications use a configuration system that enables you to define configuration settings for your Web server , for a Web site , or for individual applications . You can make configuration settings at the time your ASP.NET appl

20、ications are deployed and can add or revise configuration settings al any time with minimal impact on operational Web applications and servers . ASP.NET configuration settings are stored in XML-based fies . Because these XML files are ASCII text files , it is simple to make configuration changes to

21、your Web applications . You can extend the configuration scheme to suit your requirements . ASP.NET includes features that enable you to monitor health and perfonnance of your ASP.NET application . ASP.NET health monitoring enables reporting of key events thal provide information about the health of

22、 an application and about error conditions , These events show a combination of diagnostics and monitoring characteristics and offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of what is logged and how it is logged . ASP.NET supprts two groups of perfonnance counters accessible to your applications : The

23、 ASP.NET system performance counter group The ASP.NET application perfonnance counter group ASP.NET takes advantage of the run-time debugging infrastructure to provide cross-language and cross-computer debugging support . You can debug both managed and unmanagcd objects , as well as all languages su

24、pported by the common language runtime and script languages .<文獻翻譯一：譯文>ASP.NET 概述ASP.NET是一個統(tǒng)一的web 開發(fā)模型，它包括您使用盡可能少的代碼生成企業(yè)級Web 應用程序所必需的各種服務。ASP.NET 作為NET Framework 的一部分提供。當您編寫ASP.NET 應用程序的代碼時，可以訪問NET Frajnewoltk 中的類。您可以使用與公共語言運行庫（CLR ）兼容的任何語言來編寫應用程序的代碼，這些語言包括Microsoft visual Basic 、C#、JScript .

25、NET 和J。使用這些語言，可以開發(fā)利用公共語言運行庫、類型安全、繼承等方面的優(yōu)點的ASP . NFT 應用程序。ASP.NET 包括：l 頁和控件樞架l ASP.NET 編譯器l 安全基礎結構l 狀態(tài)管理功能l 應用程序配置l 運行狀況監(jiān)視和性能功能l 調試支持l XML Web services 框架l 可擴展的宿主環(huán)境和應用程序生命周期管理l 可擴展的設計器環(huán)境ASP.NET 頁和控件樞架是一種編程框架，它在Web 服務器上運行，可以動態(tài)地生成和呈現(xiàn)ASP.NET 網頁。可以從任何瀏覽器或客戶端設備請求ASP.NET網頁，ASP.NET 會向請求瀏覽器呈現(xiàn)標記（例如HTML ）。通常，您

26、可以對多個瀏覽器使用相同的頁，因為ASP.NET會為發(fā)出請求的瀏覽器呈現(xiàn)適當?shù)臉擞洝５?，您可以針對諸如Microsoft Internet Exlplorer 6 的特定瀏覽器設計ASP.NET 網頁，并利用該瀏覽器的功能。ASP.NET 支持基于Web 的設備（如移動電話、手持型計算機和個人數(shù)字助理（PDA) ）的移動控件。 ASP.NET 網頁是完全面對對象的。在ASP.NET 網頁中，可以使用屬性、方法和事件來處理HTML 元素ASP.NET 頁框架為響應在服務器上運行的代碼中的客戶端事件提供統(tǒng)一的模型，從而使您不必考慮基于Web 的應用程序中固有的客戶端和服務器隔離的實現(xiàn)細節(jié)。該框架

27、還會在頁處理生命周期中自動維護頁及該頁上控件的狀態(tài)。 使用ASP.NET 頁和控件框架還可以將常用的UI 功能封裝成易于使用且可重用的控件。控件只需編寫一次，即可用于許多頁并集成到ASP.NET 網頁中。這些控件在呈現(xiàn)期間放入ASP.NET 網頁中。 ASP.NET 頁和控件框架還提供各種功能，以便可以通過主題和外觀來控制網站的整體外觀和感覺?？梢韵榷x主題和外觀，然后在頁面級或控件級應用這些主題和外觀。 除了主題外，還可以定義母版頁，以使應用程序中的頁具有一致的布局。一個母版頁可以定義您希望應用程序中的所有頁（或一組頁）所具有的布局和標準行為。然后可以創(chuàng)建包含要顯示的頁特定內容的各個內容頁。

28、當用戶請求內容頁時，這些內容頁與母版頁合并，產生將母版頁的布局與內容頁中的內容組合在一起的輸出 所有ASP.KET 代碼都經過了編譯，可提供強類型、性能優(yōu)化和早期綁定以及其他優(yōu)點。代碼一經編譯，公共語言運行庫會進一步將ASP.NET 編譯為本機代碼，從而提供增強的性能。 ASP.NET 包括一個編譯器，該編譯器將包括頁和控件在內的所有應用程序組件編譯成一個程序集，之后ASP.NET 宿主環(huán)境可以使用該程序集來處理用戶請求。 除了. NET 的安全功能外，ASP.NET 還提供了高級的安全基礎結構，以便對用戶進行身份驗證和授權，并執(zhí)行其他與安全相關的功能。您可以使用由IIS 提供的Windows

29、 身份驗證對用戶進行身份驗證，也可以通過您白己的用戶數(shù)據(jù)使用ASP.NET Forms身份驗證和ASP.NET成員資格來管理身份驗證。此外，可以使用Windows 組或您自己的自定義角色數(shù)據(jù)庫（使用ASPNET 角色）來管理Web 應用程序的功能和信息方面的授權。您可以根據(jù)應用程序的需要方便地移除、添加或并換這些方案。 ASP.NET 始終使用特定的Windows 標識運行，因此您可以通過使用w indows 功能（例如NTFS 訪問控制列表（ACL ）、數(shù)據(jù)庫權限等等）來保護應川、用程序的安全。 ASP. NET 提供了內部狀態(tài)管理功能，它使您能夠存儲頁請求期間的信息，例如客戶信息或購物車的

30、內容。您可以保存和管理應用程序特定、會話特定、頁特定、用戶特定和開發(fā)人員定義的信息。此信息可以獨立于頁上的任何控件。ASP.NET 提供了分布式狀態(tài)功能，使您能夠管理一臺計算機或數(shù)臺計算機上同一應用程序的多個實例的狀態(tài)信息。 通過ASP.NET 應用程序使用的配置系統(tǒng)，可以定義Web 服務器、網站或單個應用程序的配置設置。您可以在部署ASP.NET 應用程序時定義配置設置，并且可以隨時添加或修訂配置設置，且對運行的Web 應用程序和服務器具有最小的影響。ASP.NET 配置設置存儲在基于XML 的文件中。由于這些XML 文件是ASCII 文本文件，因此對Web 應用程序進行配置更改比較簡單。您

31、可以擴展配置方案，使其符合自己的要求。 ASP.NET 包括可監(jiān)視ASP.NET 應用程序的運行狀況和性能的功能。使用ASP . NFT 運行狀況監(jiān)視可以報告關鍵事件，這些關鍵事件提供有關應用程序的運行狀況和錯誤情況的信息。這些事件顯示診斷和監(jiān)視特征的組合，并在記錄哪些事件以及如何記錄事件等方面提供了高度的靈活性。ASP.NET 支持兩組可供應用程序訪問的性能計數(shù)器： ASP.NET 系統(tǒng)性能計數(shù)器組 ASP.NET 應程序性能計數(shù)器組ASP.NET 利用運行庫調試基礎結構來提供跨語言和跨計算機調試支持?？梢哉{試托管和非托管對象，以及公共語言運行庫和腳本語言支持的所有語言。<文獻翻譯二：

32、原文>Improving ADO . NET Performance J.D. Meier, Improving .NET Application Performance and ScalabilityM. America：Microsoft Corporation2004,18-32.Summary：This chapter provides proven strategles to help you design and develop scalable data access solutions . Topics covered include different techniqu

33、es to pass data across application layrs , managing the database connection pool, optimizing stored procedure calls , reducing dataset serialization cost , techniques for paging through large result sets , managing transactions , handling BLOBS , and much more .ObjectivesOptmize your data access des

34、ign . Choose between Datascts and Data Rcaders . Run efficient database commands . Pass data between layers efficiently Perform efficient transactions . Optimize connection management . Evaluate the cost of paging through records . Evaluate critera for analyzing data access performance . Apply Perfo

35、rmance considerations to binary large object ( BLOB ) manipulatinn . Overview Well-designed data access code and data processing commands are essential elements for application performance and scalability，Typically the database is a focal point for application load because the majority of applicatio

36、n requests require data that comes from a database. This cbapter provides proven strategies for designing and implementing data access code for performance and scalability How to Use Thls Chapter Use this chapter to improve the implementation of your data access code for performance and scalability.

37、 To get the most out of this chapter , consider the following : Jump to topics or read beginning to end . The main headings in this cbapter help you to quickly identify and then locate the topic that interests you . Alternatively , you can read the chapter beginning to end to gain a thorough appreci

38、ation of the issues that affect ADO.NET perfrmance . Use te chhecklist . Use " Cbecklist : ADO.NET Performance " in the " Cbecklist " section of this guide to quickly view and evahiate the guideline presented in this chapter. Use the " Architecture" section of this chap

39、ter to understand how ADO.NET worksBy understanding the architecture , you can make better design and implementation choices . Understand core ADO.NET components，such as data provider objects and the Dataset object . Use the " Design Considerations" section of this chapter to understand th

40、e high-level decisions that will affect implemcntation choices for ADO. NET Code. Measure your application performance . learn about the key metrics that you can use to measure application performance You have to measure application performance so that you can identify and resolve performance issues

41、 . Test your application pcrformancc .Testing .NET Application Performanceto learn how to apply performance testing to your application . You have to apply a coherent testing process and analyze the resuhs .Tune your appUcation Pcrformaucc. Tuning .NET Application Performanceto learn how to resolve

42、performance issues that you identify through the use of tuning metrics . Tune SQL Server.Reed Chapter 14 , " lmproving SQL Server Performance to ensure that your Microsoft® SQL server database is appropriately configured.ArchitectureADO.NET relies on data providers to provide access to the

43、 underlying data source . Each data provider exposes a set of objects that you use to manage connections , retrieve data , and update data.The core objects are the following : Connection Command DataReader DataAdapter In addition , ADO.NET provides the DataSet object , which provides a disconnected

44、cache of data .the DataSet object does not require a specific type of data source and is not tied to the underlying data source that the data was obtained from. The basic AD0.NET architecture is shown in Figure l2.l. Figure 12.1：ADO.NET architectureThe folfowing list outlines the purpose of each of

45、the main AD0. NET objects: Connectlon . This object represents a connection to a database . Command . This object represents an SQL statement that is run while connected to a data source . This object can be a stored procedure or a direct SQL stateynent DataReader. This object retrieves a read-only

46、, forward-only stream of data from a dalabase . Tbe DataRcadcr object is designed for connected scenarios and offers better performance than reading data into a DataSet object at the expense of fonctionality . For more information about how to use DataReader objects and Dataset objects ,see"Dat

47、aset vs .DataReader " later in this chapter.DataAdapter . This object channels data to and from a DataSet object and the DataAdapter object.DataSct. The DataSet object represents a disconnected , cached set of data . The DataSet is independent of the provider and is not tied to the underlying d

48、ata source that might have been used to populate it . DataSet can easily be passed from component to component through the various layers of an application ，and it can be serialized as XML . You should be aware of the way a DataSet is intemally constructed because the DataSet contains a potentially

49、large number of memory allocations are required to construct a typical DataSet. A DataSet consists of one or more DataTablc objects together with DataRclation objects that maintain table relationship information . Each DataTable contains DataRow objects and DataColumn objects . Constraint objects ar

50、e used to represent a cootraint that can be enforced on one or more DataColumn objects Note you can also use typed datasets that derive from the basic DataSet class. Typed Datasets beneflts at build time and at run time . For more information, see "Typed DataSets "later in this chapter .DataView.Although the DataView object is not shown in Figure 12.1 you can use a DaaView to sort and filter data in a DataTable. This capability is often used for data binding. <文獻翻譯二：譯文>改進ADONET性能摘要：這章提供證明策略幫助你設計并且發(fā)展可調節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)存取解決辦法。本文包括不同的技術來通過數(shù)據(jù)遍布應用層，管理數(shù)據(jù)庫連接工具，優(yōu)化儲存的過程調用，降低數(shù)