1、Tianjin UniversityChapter 5 第五章Suspended-cable Structure懸索結構Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1 Concept System 概念體系5.1.1 Concept 概念Suspended-cable structure is a type of spatial structure composed of a series of flexible tensioned cables which act as load-bearing members and are supported

2、 on the edge members or supporting structures. 懸索結構：是以一系列受拉的索作為主要承重構件，這些索按一定的規律組成各種不同形式的體系，并懸掛在邊緣構件或支承結構上而形成的一種空間結構。 The Akashi Kaikyo bridge in JapanThe worlds longest cable suspension bridgeSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 發展與現狀 1953年 Ameri

3、can Releigh GymnasiumThe first modern suspended-cable roof structures 雷利體育館 世界上第一個現代懸索屋蓋 Prestressed saddle cable net structure 預應力鞍形索網結構Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University北卡羅來納州道頓競技館北卡羅來納州道頓競技館1957年 Washington Dulles International Airport Single-layer suspended-cable system 華盛頓杜勒斯機場候機廳 單層懸索

4、體系Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 發展與現狀1961年 北京工人體育館（輻射式雙層懸索體系） Beijing Workers Gymnasium (Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure)1967年 浙江人民體育館（雙曲拋物面正交索網結構） Zhejiang peoples stadium (Hyperbolic paraboloid orthogonal cable net structu

5、re)浙江人民體育館Zhejiang peoples stadium北京工人體育館屋頂Beijing Workers GymnasiumSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.1.2 Development history and current situation 發展與現狀1964年 日本代代木體育館 勁性索結構體系 Japans yoyogi gymnasium Rigid cable structure1980年 莫斯科奧運會中心體育館 勁性索結構體系 Moscow Olympic center stadium Rigid cable

6、structure日本代代木體育館Japans yoyogi gymnasium莫斯科奧運會中心體育館Moscow Olympic center stadiumSuspended-cable StructureTianjin University5.2 Characteristics and classification 特點與分類5.2.1 Characteristics 特點Suspended-cable Structure Resists the external load with axial tensile load of the cable and the bending mome

7、nt effect and shear force effect don not appear, so it can make full use of the strength of steel; 懸索結構是通過索的軸向拉伸來抵抗外荷載的作用，結構中不出現彎矩和剪 力效應，因此其可充分利用鋼材的強度； Have various forms and flexible layout, which can meet the demand of function and modelling of the building, hence it is one of the structural forms

8、 that architects are willing to adopt to. 懸索結構形式多樣，布置靈活，并能適應多種建筑平面，因此能夠較好地滿 足建筑功能和造型需求，是建筑師樂于采用的結構形式之一； Light weight, can span large space economically 自重輕，可較為經濟地跨越很大的空間；Tianjin University5.2 Characteristics and classification 特點與分類5.2.1 Characteristics 特點Suspended-cable Structure The processing tec

9、hnology of connection nodes and anchorage system are very perfect, and the prestressed tension and control technology is also very mature, so the construction is convenient. 目前懸索結構連接節點的加工技術和錨固系統已很完善，預應力張拉工藝 及控制技術也非常成熟，因此懸索結構施工也比較方便。 The edge members bear more load, hence larger sections and more mat

10、erials are needed. 懸索結構的邊緣件或支承受力較大，往需要更大的截面、耗費多材料。Tianjin University5.2.2 Classification 分類Suspended-cable structure懸索結構Single layer suspended-cable structure 單層懸索結構：One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure單向單層懸索結構Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure雙向單層懸索結構Radiant single-layer suspe

11、nded-cable structure輻射式單層懸索結構Double layer suspended-cable structure 雙層懸索結構:One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure單向雙層懸索結構Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure雙向雙層懸索結構Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure輻射式雙層懸索結構Prestressed cable net structure 預應力索網結構:Network cable structur

12、e system composed of two groups of single-layer cable system with opposite curvature 同一曲面上兩組曲率相反的單層懸索系統相交而成的網狀懸索結構體系Other types 其他類型結構：Rigid cable structure勁性懸索結構Transverse stiffener single-layer cable structure橫向加勁單層懸索結構Prestressed cable-arch system預應力索拱體系Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University

13、Suspended-cable Structure Single layer suspended-cable structure 單層懸索結構：One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 單向單層懸索結構Tianjin University Single layer suspended-cable structure 單層懸索結構：Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 雙向單層懸索結構Suspended-cable StructureRadiant single-layer suspend

14、ed-cable structure 輻射式單層懸索結構Tianjin University Double layer suspended-cable structure 雙層懸索結構:Basic structure 基本構造Suspended-cable Structure承重索聯系桿件穩定索One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 單向單層懸索結構Tianjin University Double layer suspended-cable structure 雙層懸索結構:Suspended-cable StructureTwo-way

15、 double-layer suspended-cable structure 雙向雙層懸索結構Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 雙向雙層懸索結構Tianjin University Prestressed cable net structure 預應力索網結構:Suspended-cable StructureTianjin University Other types 其他類型懸索結構：Suspended-cable StructureRigid cable structure 勁性懸索結構Transverse stiffener

16、 single-layer cable structure 橫向加勁單層懸索結構Tianjin University Other types 其他類型懸索結構：Suspended-cable StructurePrestressed cable-arch system 預應力索拱體系Tianjin University Other types 其他類型懸索結構：Suspended-cable StructureComposite suspended-cable structures 組合懸索結構Suspended structure 懸掛結構Tianjin University5.3 The

17、calculation and design 懸索結構的設計分析Suspended-cable Structure5.3.1 The calculation method 計算分析方法 Analytical method 解析法 Basic assumption 基本假定 Cable is ideal flexible, it can only sustain tension, is unable to bear pressure and bending moment 索是理想柔性的，只能承受拉力，不能承受壓力和彎矩2. The mechanical properties of cable m

18、aterials meet the hookes law 索材料的力學特性滿足虎克定律Based on the mechanical analysis of the single cable, analytical expressions in which the vertical displacement and internal force are unknown quantity are established using the coordinate conditions between each single cables, and then solution is made to

19、obtain the exact solution based on the two hypotheses above. 從單根拉索的受力性能分析出發，利用各單索間的位移協調條件建立以豎向位移或內力為未知數的解析表達式，然后進行求解的結構分析方法，是基于上述兩種假設推導出的精確解。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure Analytical method 解析法Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable StructureA very effective method. Its basic idea is to discr

20、ete cable structure into several units, and then based on the small strain and big displacement state of suspended-cable structure, the equations of nonlinear finite element where the node displacement act as the basic unknown quantity are established using the geometric nonlinear theory.非常有效的求解方法。它

21、的基本思想是將懸索結構離散為若干單元，然后針對懸索結構的小應變大位移狀態，應用幾何非線性理論，建立節點位移為基本未知量的非線性有限元方程組。 The load of suspended-cable structures 懸索結構的荷載5.3.2 The design method 設計方法 Finite element method 有限元方法The main loads that suspended-cable structure mainly sustain are permanently load, roof live load, snow load, wind load and tem

22、perature effect and earthquake action, etc.懸索結構承受的荷載主要有恒荷載、屋面活荷載、雪荷載、風荷載以及溫度作用和地震作用等。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure The design of steel cable 鋼索設計The steel cable used in suspended-cable structure are mainly parallel wire strand, steel strand and steel wire rope, which are made up of hig

23、h strength steel wire, and the round steel, profile steel, strip steel and other materials are also used.用于懸索結構的鋼索大多采用由高強鋼絲組成的平行鋼絲束、鋼絞線或鋼絲繩等。也可采用圓鋼、型鋼、帶鋼或鋼板等材料。Parallel wire strand 平行鋼絲束Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable StructureSteel strand 鋼絞線Steel wire rope 鋼絲繩17119Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cab

24、le Structure The strength checking computation of steel cable 鋼索強度驗算Bearing capacity of single cable section can be checked according to following equations 單索截面根據承載力按下式驗算：Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4 The joint structure of suspended-cable structure 懸索結構的節點構造5.4.1 The connection am

25、ong cables 鋼索與鋼索的連接The u-shaped clip connection 形夾連接Splint connection 夾板連接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.2 The cable connector 索的連接件Extrusion screw 擠壓螺桿Extrusion connecting ring 擠壓式連接環Chill casting connecting ring 冷鑄式連接環Chill casting screw 冷鑄螺桿Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Struct

26、ure5.4.3 The connection between cable and roof boarding 鋼索與屋面板連接Junction plate connection 連接板連接Out of reinforced connection 伸出鋼筋連接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 鋼索支承節點The connection between the cable and reinforced concrete supporting structure鋼索與鋼筋混凝土支撐結構連接 T

27、he connection between the cable and steel supporting structure鋼索與鋼筋混凝土支撐結構連接 Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 鋼索支承節點The connection between the cable and flexible edge cable鋼索與柔性邊索連接The connection between single-layer cable system and the center ring-pull單層索系與中心拉

28、環的連接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.4.4 Cable supporting node 鋼索支承節點The connection between double-layer cable system and the center ring-pull雙層索系與中心拉環的連接The connection between double-layer cable system and the center structure ring雙層索系與中心構造環的連接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure

29、5.4.4 Cable supporting node 鋼索支承節點The connection between cable and purline 鋼索與檁條的連接Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5 The construction of suspended-cable structure 懸索結構的施工Suspended-cable structure is light-weight structure, and its construction is relatively simple. However, its construc

30、tion and the design of suspended-cable structure are closely intertwined. The construction steps must be considered in the design, particularly the steps of prestressing and roof laying. And the actual construction must be in accordance with the pre-determined steps, such as a slight change, it may

31、cause the great change of the internal forces, and even lead to significant overloading of the supporting structure懸索結構自重輕，施工較簡單。但需要特別注意的一點是：懸索結構的施工與設計聯系十分緊密。如前所述，設計時必須預先考慮施工的步驟， 尤其必須預先規定好施加預應力和鋪設屋面的步驟。 實際施工時必須嚴格按照規定的步驟進行。5.5.1 The production of cable 鋼索的制作The production of cable generally consists

32、of procedures such as blanking, weaving beam, pre tensioning, and protection.鋼索的制作一般需經下料、編束、預張拉、及防護幾個程序Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure The allowable space deviation between the prestressed holes on the supporting members located on both the ends of the cable is L / 3000 (L refers to span

33、), and is no more than 20 mm 鋼索兩端支承構件預應力孔的間距允許偏差為 L3000 (L 為跨距)，并不大 于20mm； Load-bearing cable should be arranged first and then the stable cable. The arrangement should be adjusted according to the design of the initial state of geometric surface and prestressed value adjustment, and the deviation s

34、hould be controlled within 10%; 穿索時應先穿承重索，后穿穩定索，并根據設計的初始幾何狀態曲面和預應 力值進行調整，其偏差宜控制在 10以內； Roof components must be symmetrically installed. 各種屋面構件必須對稱地進行安裝。5.5.2 The installation of cable 鋼索的安裝Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5.3 The tension of cable 鋼索的張拉 The jack should be calibrated befor

35、e tensioning 千斤頂在張拉前應進行標定 The cable should be tensioned symmetrically and in stages according to the design of the prestressed value. 對索施加預應力時，應按設計提供的預應力值分階段對稱張拉。 The commonly used tensioning methods in suspended-cable structure are: jack tension method, screw thread tension method, transverse tension method and electrothermal tension method. 懸索結構中較為常用的預張力施加方法有：千斤頂張拉法、絲扣旋張 法、橫向張拉法和電熱張拉法等。Tianjin UniversitySuspended-cable Structure5.5.4 The corrosion prevention of