1、CNC lathe structureSection 1 nc lathe profileTurning processing is widely used in mechanical processing, mainly used for one method of axially symmetrical parts processing. CNC lathe machining process of the main types include: central hole drilling, exterior circle, driving devicees, drilling, bori

2、ng, reaming, cutting, car thread, knurling, car cone, car shape face, tapping screw, besides using standard fixture (such as four claws single movement chuck) or special jig, on a lathe but also can complete the axially symmetrical parts of rotary surface processing.According to the type of processe

3、d spares and different sizes, turning processing used lathe have vertical and horizontal structure, imitation form, instrument, etc. Various types. According to different processed surface used tool also have external circular lathe tools, end lathe tools, boring knife knife and cutting tools, threa

4、d different types. In addition, properly choose and use fixture, not only can reliably guarantee machining quality, enhance productivity, still can effectively develop lathing range.A, nc lathe type1, according to the structure classificationCNC lathe is divided into vertical and horizontal nc CNC l

5、athe two types.1) vertical nc latheUsed for turning diameter larger disk parts turning processing.2) horizontal nc latheUsed for axial dimensions of greater or lesser dish kind parts processing. Relative and vertical CNC lathe, CNC lathe for horizontal structure form more, processing function rich,

6、used area is more extensive. This chapter is mainly to the horizontal nc lathe structure are described. As shown in figure 2-1-1 shows two different kinds of lathesHorizontal nc lathe according to their function, it can be divided into: economical CNC lathe, CNC lathe and ordinary machining center.A

7、) economic numerical control lathesUse is stepping motors and single-chip microcomputer, is passed on the ordinary lathe cutting feeding system improve formed after the simple numerical controlled lathe, with low cost, but the automation degree and function are poor, processing accuracy is not high

8、also, suitable for less demanding rotary parts turning processing.B) tong nc latheAccording to machining requirements on the structure spe-cial design and equipped with universal CNC system and the formation of CNC lathe, CNC system function is strong, automation degree and machining precision is hi

9、gh, applicable to general rotary parts turning processing. This kind of nc lathe processing can also control two -axes, namely the X axis and Z axis.C) machining centerIn ordinary numerical control lathe foundation, increased C shaft and dynamic made head, more advanced machine also can be controlle

10、d with a knife library, X and Z and C three coordinates, the linkage control can be (X and Z) and (Z, C), or (X, C). By increasing the C axis and the milling head, this kind of dynamic CNC lathe machining function greatly enhanced, in addition to general turning outside, still can undertake radial a

11、nd axial milling, surface milling, centerline is not part of the rotary center hole and radial drilling hole processing.2, according to guide classificationHorizontal lathe bed of technology is good, facilitate guide surface processing. Horizontal lathe bed deserve the cutter can improve the horizon

12、tal position of the motion precision cutting, generally can be used for large nc lathe or small precision CNC lathe layout. But because of the lower level lathe bed space is little, so scraps discharge difficult. Look from structural dimension, cutter horizontal position makes the skateboard transve

13、rse dimensions is longer, then increase the machine structure of width size.Horizontal lathe bed match on the board, and tilt placed configuration tilting guideway cover made, this kind of layout forms on one hand have level lathe bed manufaturability good characteristic, on the other hand machine w

14、idth direction size is level configuration is small, and skateboard scraps discharge is convenient. A) level lathe bed b) inclined lathe bodyFigure 2-1-1 two nc lathe. Horizontal lathe bed deserve to tilt placed skateboarding or inclined lathe bed configuration inclined skateboarding layout the form

15、 of medium and small CNC lathe have universal use. This is because this layouts form scraps discharge easy, hot iron not accumulation in guide rail, also facilitate installed automatically scraps discharge device, easy to operate, easy to install manipulator, in order to realize single machine autom

16、ation, Machine cover an area of an area small, appearance is concise, beautiful and easy to implement closed-end protection.More than 30 ° using tilt lathe bed, 45 °, 60 °, 90 ° Angle and 75 °, 45 °, commonly have 60 ° and 75 °.CNC lathe of main transmission s

17、ystems usually use either dc or ac motor stepless speed regulation, through the belt transmission, drive shaft rotation, the realization of automatic stepless speed regulation and constant linear control.The spindle component of machine tool realize rotation movement is executed pieces, as shown in

18、figure 2-1-2 structure shown.Its principle of work is as follows: ac spindle motor through 15 to the sport to bring wheel spindle 7. Spindle have two supporting before and after. Before KongShuang listed by a taper support cylindrical roller bearing 11 and a diagonal contact ball bearing 10 composit

19、ion, bearing 11 to bear radial load, two Angle contact ball bearing a big outward toward the spindle front-end), another big to (toward) for spindle back-end inherit a two-way axial load and radial load. Before the gap with nut supported shaft 8 to support. Screw the nut 8 to 12 used to prevent pine

20、. Spindle supporting conical KongShuang after listed cylindrical roller bearing, shaft bearing clearance 14 by the nut 1 and 6 to adjust. Screw 17 and 13 is to prevent nut 1 and 6 to loose. Spindle support form for front-end positioning, spindle expands backward elongation. Taper support KongShuang

21、column used before cylindrical roller bearing of supporting rigidity, high limit speed permitted. Former supporting the Angle contact ball bearing can bear larger axial load, and allow the limits of high speed. Spindle is used by the supporting structure suitable for low speed and heavy loading need

22、s. The axis movement after synchronization pulleys 16 and 3 and synchronous belt 2 drive pulse coder 4, make its and spindle the same speed operation. Pulse coder screwed 5 fixed on spindle box 9.Second, the basic principle of nc latheOrdinary lathe is by manual machine to finish all kinds of machin

23、ing, and CNC lathe machining program is will again good input into the CNC system, by nc system through control lathe X and Z coordinate transformation of servo motor to control lathe moving parts action order, mobile quantity and feeding speed, match again with the axis of rotation speed and steeri

24、ng, can produce various different shapes of axial and dish of axially symmetrical parts.Three, nc lathe compositionCNC lathe by nc systems and machine, CNC system including ontology composition control of the power supply, servo controller, the host, main shaft encoder, image tube display etc. Machi

25、ne ontology including lathe bed, motor, spindle box, electric rotary cutter, feeding transmission system, cooling system, lubrication system, safety protection system etc.As shown in figure 2-1-2 CNC lathe spindle componentFour, nc lathe structure features:1, because the two CNC lathe cutting direct

26、ion respectively by servo motor drive, so it transmission chain of short. Don't use all, light pestle driveline parts, such as using servo motor coupling screw driven directly with cutting movement. Servo motor screw between can also use synchronized belt vice or gear pair coupling.2, multi-func

27、tion CNC lathe is to use either dc or ac spindle control unit to drive the spindle, press control instruction for stepless speed, spindle between don't have to use multilevel gear pair for variable speed. In order to extend the variable speed range, general now still pass level gear pair, in ord

28、er to realize the subsection stepless speed regulation, even so, the head of a bed steel structure has much simpler than traditional lathe. CNC lathe another structure characteristic is stiffness big, it is in order to match the accuracy control CNC system, so as to adapt to the high-accuracy proces

29、sing.3, nc lathe third structure characteristics is light drag. Cutter mobile generally USES ball screw vice, ball screw vice is CNC lathe, one of the key mechanical components of ball screw ends installation of rolling bearing, this special bearings matching installation, is selected, the best in b

30、earing factory is in pairs.4, in order to drag deft, numerical control lathe lubrication are fully, most adopts the automatic lubrication oil mist.5, due to the higher price CNC lathe, the control system of live longer, so CNC lathe sliding guide also requires wearability. CNC lathe generally USES i

31、s with just guide rail, so precision keep longer, use is life also lengthen.6, nc lathe also has the processing, sufficient protection relatively tight cooling, etc. Automatic operation generally in the closed or semi-closed state.7, nc lathe generally are also equipped with automatic scraps dischar

32、ge device.The second quarter of chuck and CNC lathe tail frameA, chuckCNC lathe is commonly used in hydraulic clamping workpiece to chuck. Hydraulic chuck is the numerical control turning processing when important accessory, intensify the workpiece on general rotary kind parts can adopt hydraulic ch

33、uck, For parts by gripping part is not a cylindrical parts, you may need to use appropriative chuck, With bar stock can be used directly processing spring chuck. Hydraulic chuck are usually equipped with without claws, the so-called quenching card soft jaws. Soft jaws within and outside the clip cla

34、mps are divided into two types, chuck clamping workpiece when closed the soft PAWS for internal clip type soft jaws, chuck open when hold tight the workpiece soft jaws to the clip type soft PAWS. As shown in figure 2-2-1 shown chuck. A) b)Figure 2-2-1 ordinary hydraulic chuckSecond, the tailstockThe

35、 tailstock installed in bed guide rail, it can adjust according to the length of the longitudinal workpiece position. Its function is to use the sleeve, used to install top than one end of the attractions pieces bearing, also can install drill, reamer hole machining tool for such.The tailstock of be

36、autiful outlook, and machine tool design style, the tailstock commensurate with grade 1 cast iron material, and after aging treatment, the tailstock along the lathe bed can guide moving, also can use eccentric organizations will the tailstock fixed in needed positions, the tailstock and berth box to

37、p horizontal plane can borrow transverse offset, and adjusting screw adjusting as shown in figure 2-2-2 shown for CNC lathe standard the tailstock structure diagram.Figure 2-2-2 CNC lathe hydraulic the tailstockThe third quarter of CNC lathe cuttingCNC lathe cutting is very important part. According

38、 to their function, CNC lathe cutting tools can be installed on the quantity is commonly 8, 10, 12, 16, some numerical control lathe can install more cutting tools.A, cutter structure formCutter structure form is commonly rotary tool along the circumference direction installed in the tool carrier, c

39、an install radial, axial turning lathe tools, drilling and boring knife. Turning processing center also can install axial and radial milling cutter. The minority of CNC lathe cutting tool for give expulsion-typely, along a straight line installation. As shown 2-3-1 CNC lathe automatic knife.Second,

40、nc lathe tool carrier of speciesCNC lathe can equipped with two cutter:1, special cutter by lathe manufacturers self development, using the handle is special. This knife is the advantage of manufacturing cost is low, but lack of generality.2, general cutter according to certain common standards and

41、produce cutter, numerical control lathe manufacturers can according to the function requirements of CNC lathe choose configuration.Figure 2-3-1 CNC lathe automatic knife3, cutter installation various machining tool, its structure directly influence of machine cutting performance and efficiency. CNC

42、lathe cutting into the turn tower and exhaust knife type knife two kinds big. Turn tower cutter is widely adopted cutter form, it through turret head spin, indexing, positioning to realize the automatic machine tool changing tools work. Two coordinates continuous control CNC lathe, usually adopts 6

43、12 workstation turn tower cutter. Row is mainly used for cutting knife type small numerical control lathe, suitable for short axis or set of parts processing.The fourth quarter CNC lathe toolA, CNC lathe tools functionCNC lathe can hold concurrently do rough and finishing. In order to make the rough

44、 can with the larger cutting depth, the larger the feeding speed processing, request rough turning tools, high intensity should durable good pure car first is to insure precision tools, so the requirement of high precision, good durability. To reduce the cutter replacement time and is convenient to

45、knife, should be possible use more machine nipped dao.Second, CNC lathe tool typeThe numerical control turning the lathe tools are generally classified into three kinds, namely acuminate turning, circular lathe tools and molding tool as shown in figure 2-4-1 2-4-2 2-4-3 shown.1 acuminate toolA linea

46、r cutting edge tool is the characteristic of generally called acuminate tool. This kind of tool (also for its knife locus) by line form master, the deputy cutting edge, such as 90 ° constitute inside and outside round lathe tools, left, right face, cutting tool (breaking) tool and tools-tip cha

47、mfering small various external circular and inner hole tool. With this kind of turning processing components, the components of the main profile by an independent point or a linear displacement main cutting edge, and it after we get in the other two groups turning processing get parts profile principle is vastly different.Figure 2-4-1 CNC lathe two knives