1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)用法必背一、作賓語(yǔ)（一） 以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ) afford to do（付得起）， agree to do（同意）， decide to do（決定）， determine to do（決心）， expect to do（期待）， fail to do（未履行）， help (to )do（幫助）， hope to do（希望），learn to do（學(xué)會(huì)）， manage to do（設(shè)法）， offer to do（主動(dòng)提出）， plan to do（計(jì)劃），pretend to do（假裝）， promise to do（答應(yīng)）

2、， refuse to do（拒絕）， seem to do（覺(jué)得好像），want to do（想要）， wish to do（希望） happen to do舉例：1.The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。 2. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的。3. He managed to pass the driving test. 他設(shè)法通過(guò)了駕駛考試。4. My father promised to buy me a new bik

3、e. 我爸爸答應(yīng)給我買一輛新單車。5. He cant afford to buy an expensive car. 他買不起昂貴的小車。6. We decide to study hard from now on. 我們決定從現(xiàn)在起努力學(xué)習(xí)。（二） 以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)avoid doing(避免) ， consider doing（考慮做） ， enjoy doing（樂(lè)于做）， keep doing（繼續(xù)做）finish doing（完成）， suggest doing（建議做）， dislike doing（不喜歡）， escape doing（逃脫） cannot hel

4、p doing（禁不住） ，imagine doing（想象） ，mind doing（介意） ， miss doing（錯(cuò)過(guò)），practise doing（練習(xí)）， appreciate 感激，欣賞舉例：1. You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work in the same office.如果你們兩人在同一個(gè)辦公室做事，你幾乎免不了要遇見(jiàn)她。2We are considering going shopping this afternoon.我們正考慮下午去購(gòu)物。3. I enjoy reading in the library at

5、 weekend. 我喜歡周末在圖書館看書。4. The little girl escaped being injured in the accident. 這個(gè)小女孩沒(méi)有在這次事故中受傷。5. We often practice speaking English in the morning. 我們經(jīng)常在早上練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。6I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激兩年前能有出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì).（三）以下動(dòng)詞后，既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同stop to do

6、停下、去做另一件事 mean to do計(jì)劃/打算做某事 try to do 盡力做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean doing 意味著 try doing 嘗試做某事 regret to do 遺憾沒(méi)有/要去做某事 go on to do 接著去做某事 forget to do忘記去做某事regret doing 后悔做了某事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事 forget doing 忘記曾做過(guò)某事remember to do記得要去做某事 remember doing記得曾做過(guò)某事（四）作介詞賓語(yǔ)：devote to(doing) sth 獻(xiàn)身于， object to

7、(doing) sth.反對(duì) ， pay attention to注意get down to開(kāi)始著手做， lead to導(dǎo)致, look forward to(doing ) sth.盼望stick to堅(jiān)持， be used to ( doing) sth習(xí)慣于等 give up doing 放棄feel like doing想要做某事 keep on doing 繼續(xù) insist on（doing）堅(jiān)持 e.g.1. I am looking forward to seeing you again.2. The little boy feels like being taken outs

8、ide.3. My grandfather is used to getting up early in the morning.4. He has devoted his whole life to teaching.（五）以下動(dòng)詞后，既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義沒(méi)有大區(qū)別begin to do begin doing start to do start doing開(kāi)始做 continue to do continue doing繼續(xù)做like to do like doing二、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一）動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做 persua

9、de sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.說(shuō)服某人做 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做 would like sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth.想要某人做allow sb. to do sth. = permit sb. to do sth允許某人做. forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做encourage sb. to do sth鼓勵(lì)某人做. prefer sb. to do sth.寧愿某人做 tell/ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做 remin

10、d sb. to do sth.提醒某人做 get sb. to do sth.讓某人做 force sb. to do sth.強(qiáng)迫某人做 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做 1. My mother often reminds me to study hard.2. The teacher got us to do some reading practice after class.3. The workers were forced to work day and night.4. We encourage him to have a try once again.5

11、. My classmates advise me to read English aloud every morning.6. Children are forbidden to play near the bank.7. My grandmother persuaded him to give up smoking.My grandmother persuaded him into giving up smoking.（二）主語(yǔ)+感官動(dòng)詞（see/ watch/ hear/ notice/ feel）+賓語(yǔ)+ do 動(dòng)作全過(guò)程：做了某事 使役動(dòng)詞（have/ make / let /kee

12、p / find ） doing 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 I felt the floor move. done 表被動(dòng): 某人/事被、 I watched the glasses on the table fall off onto the ground. We heard someone singing outside the classroom. They saw him playing basketball on the play ground. I saw a thief caught by the police just now. Im sorry to have kept you wait

13、ing so long. He couldnt make himself heard in such a noisy room. We found a horse tied to a big tree.（三）with+賓語(yǔ)+ to do 表將來(lái)， 表未做的動(dòng)作 doing 表主動(dòng) done 表完成、被動(dòng)With lots of homework to do, we will be very busy today.有很多作業(yè)要做，今天我們會(huì)很忙。With lots of homework done, we are not very busy today.很多作業(yè)已完成了，今天我們不是很忙。Wit

14、h the teacher helping us, we finished the homework easily .有老師的幫助，我們很容易就完成了作業(yè)。三、作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)（主要區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）常見(jiàn)的詞有：interesting有趣的 exciting令人激動(dòng)的 delighting令人高興的 interested 感興趣的 excited感到激動(dòng)的 delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的disappointed感到失望的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 please

15、d 感到愉快的 puzzled感到費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿意的 surprising 令人吃驚的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的 satisfied 感到滿意的 surprised感到吃驚的 worried 感到擔(dān)心的 We are satisfied with the satisfying answer.I am very interested in the interesting story.The parents were worried about their worrying son.They were surprised at the surprising news.The t

16、eacher was disappointed to know the disappointing result.四、其它常用結(jié)構(gòu): (1) prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生=stop sb. (from )doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生= keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事發(fā)生keep sb./sth.doing sth. 讓某人一直在做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事spend(in) doing sth.花.做某事 waste.doing sth

17、.浪費(fèi).做某事have difficulty / trouble (in ) doing sth. 在做.方面有困難have no choice but to do sth.別無(wú)選擇,只能. do nothing/anything but do 除不能1. The heavy rain prevented us (from) going out last night.昨天晚上大雨阻止我們出去.The heavy rain stopped us(from )going out last night.The heavy rain kept us from going out last night.

18、 2The boss kept the workers working from morning to night.3. I spent two hours (in) finishing my homework this evening. 今天晚上我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)完成我的作業(yè).4. He wasted a lot of time and money playing computer games.他浪費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間和金錢玩電腦游戲.5. They have some difficulty (in) communicating with others.他們?cè)诤蛣e人交流方面有困難.6. We have

19、 no choice but to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. 因?yàn)樵愀獾奶鞖馕覀儎e無(wú)選擇，只能把會(huì)議延期。7. You can do nothing now but wait for the reply.你現(xiàn)在什么都不能做，只能等回復(fù)。8The teacher caught that student cheating in the exam. 老師抓住那個(gè)學(xué)生正在考試作弊。(2) It is / was brave/ careless/ kind/ nice/honest/polite/rude/ wrong of sb.

20、to do sth.1. It is very kind of you to say so.2. It is rude of you to quarrel with the teacher.3. It was honest of him to admit what he had done.4. It was wrong of you to play computer games yesterday.(3) It is /was important/necessary/ impossible/ possible for sb. to do sth. 1It is important for us

21、 to learn English well. 2. It is necessary for them to turn to the teachers for advice. 3. It is possible for you to improve your pronunciation if you practice more.(4) It takes /took sb. some timeto do sth. 某人花.做某事 It will take us two hours to finish our homework. It took them three days to repair

22、the building.(5) It is no good/ use /need doing sth. 做.沒(méi)有好處/用/必要 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no need making an excuse for this.(6) There is no need/ use/ good /harm/ hurry (in) doing sth.There is no need (in) buying so many things.There is no good drinking too much wine.(7) Honestly s

23、peaking, = to be honest 老實(shí)說(shuō)Generally speaking,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，Strictly speaking, 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)Frankly speaking,坦率地說(shuō)Judging from/ by由/根據(jù)、判斷Considering 考慮到、Considering everything, John is not so bad after all. Judging from his accent, he must be from America.Generally speaking, students are forbidden to go into the compu

24、ter room.(8) need / want/ require + doing = need/ want/ require to be done The bicycle needs repairing. = The bicycle needs to be repaired.The flowers want watering. = The flowers want to be watered.(9) be worth doing = be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done = It is worthwhile to do/ doing st

25、h.練習(xí)：一、 分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)：練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。1. Do you know the boy _standing_ (stand) at the gate?2. Have you read the book _written_ (write) by Lu Xun？3. The house _built_ (build) last year is our new library now.The house _to be build_ (build) next year will be our new library.The house _being buil

26、t_ (build) now will be our new library.4. The girl _reading_ (read) over there is my classmate.5. He is very _interested_ in the _interesting_ story. (interest)6. They were _disappointed_ to hear the _disappointing_ news. (disappoint)7. Alice read the letter with a _puzzled_ (puzzle) expression on h

27、er face.8. The _excited_ (excite) student didnt know what to say.9. There was a worried look on the mothers face. She was worried about her worrying son.(worry)用法及常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： （1）從時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)上區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞：表 進(jìn)行 、 主動(dòng) 過(guò)去分詞：表 完成 、 被動(dòng) （2）單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾的名詞 前面 作 前置 定語(yǔ)；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾的名詞 后面 ，作 后置 定語(yǔ)

28、，意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并可與之相轉(zhuǎn)換； （3）一些與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，如：exciting, excited; worrying, worried等作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞均已形容詞化，但它們的含義不同：現(xiàn)在分詞：令人、的，表主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，多用來(lái)修飾 物 ，即：表語(yǔ)：sth +be +v-ing 或 定語(yǔ)：v-ing + sth.過(guò)去分詞: 人感到、，表主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，多用來(lái)指： 人 以及和人有關(guān)的，如：人的表情(v-ed + expression)，人的嗓音(v-ed +voice)等二、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞和不定式）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納

29、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。1. I saw an old man _knocked_ (knock) down by a car.2. I saw a car _knocking_ (knock) down an old man.3. I found the dog _following_ (follow) a man.4. I found the dog _followed_(follow) by a man.5. Listen! I heard her _singing_ (sing) next door.6. I heard her _sing_(sing) next door just now.7.

30、I heard the song _sung_ (sing) by her next door.8. With a lot of problems _to solve_(solve), the manager will have a busy day.9. With a lot of problems _solved_(solve), the manager feels relaxed now.10. With the workers _solving_ (solve) a lot of problems for him, the manager feels very relaxed. 用法及

31、常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：(分詞和不定式）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在“感官類動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有如下含義： do : 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/看見(jiàn)某人做了某事 表動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程 hear/see/ watch/ notice/ feel + sb. /sth. + doing: 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事. 表主動(dòng),進(jìn)行 done: 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/看見(jiàn)某人/某事被. 表被動(dòng), 完成 （2） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在“with +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)” 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有如下含義： to do: 表將要做/ 未做的動(dòng)作 With + sb. / sth. + doing: 表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行_ done: 表被動(dòng),

32、完成 (3 ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在“使役類動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足” 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法： do . to dohave sb./sth doing get + sb. /sth. + done done doing do find / keep sb./sth. doing make sb. /sth. done done 三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)：練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并總結(jié)歸納語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。1. _Seen_ (see) from the tower, the city looks beautiful.2. _Seeing_ (see) from the tower, we find

33、the people on the ground look like small ants.3. She walked out of the house, _followed_by her little daughter. (follow)4. She walked out of the house, _following_ her little daughter. (follow)5. Hearing (hear) the good news ,we jumped with joy.6. He arrived at the station hurriedly, only _to find_(

34、find) the train had left.7. The soldiers went to battle field, never _to return_ (return) again. 8. The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) to pieces.9. Judging (judge) from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again10. Generally speaking (speak) ,girls are more careful

35、than boys . 用法及常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)可表： 原因,條件,時(shí)間,讓步,方式, （2）分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)一致。（3）區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的 主動(dòng)關(guān)系 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系 （4）部分由“be+ 過(guò)去分詞+介詞 ”屬于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”，其前不用be，直接用過(guò)去分詞表主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：be lost in（陷入某種狀態(tài)）、be seated（坐著的）、be absorbed in （沉溺

36、于）、 be born in（出身于）、be dressed in（穿著）、be tired of（厭煩了）,be faced with （面臨著）, be known as/ for（因、而出名）等。(5) 目的狀語(yǔ)一般用： 不定式 ；（6）不定式與分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別： to do: 一般放在only, never后，表示： 意料不到的,意外的結(jié)果 v-ing: 主動(dòng)，表示：_自然而然的結(jié)果或能意料得到的結(jié)果_ v-ed: 被動(dòng)，四、綜合練習(xí)1._ Lost （lose）in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.2.St

37、rictly_speaking_ (speak), When _taken_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.3. With a lot of difficult problems_to settle_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.4. Cleaning women in big cities usually get_paid_ (pay) by the hour.5. I meant to buy an ev

38、ening paper, but I didn't see anyone _selling_(sell) them.6. Just now I saw a man_walking_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _seated_(seat) on his shoulder 7. The thief was caught_stealing_ (steal) goods in the supermarket again 8. _Judging_ ( judge )from the expression on his face, he ha

39、d failed the driving test again9. _Not knowing_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.10. With the test _finished_(finish), we began to analyze the result.11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus _causing_ (cause) the delay. 12.The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) t

40、o pieces.13. _Dressed_ (dress) in a white shirt, the girl looks beautiful.14. When faced (face) with danger, we should keep calm.15. The curtain _hanging_ (hang) on the window over there looks beautiful.16. The _lost_ (lose) child was found at last.The _missing_ (miss) child was found at last.17. I

41、found many villagers _seated_ (seat) at the back of the classroom. I found many villagers _sitting_ (sit) at the back of the classroom.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞巧記表AAA型 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞與原形一致原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 詞義cut cut cut cutting 切、割shut shut shut shutting 關(guān)、閉（門窗）put put put putting 放置let let let letting 讓set set set sett

42、ing 設(shè)置hit hit hit hitting 撞擊hurt hurt hurt hurting 受傷；疼痛cost cost cost costing 值錢；花費(fèi)read ri:d read red read red reading 讀；閱讀 AAB型 過(guò)去式與原形一致beat beat beaten beating 擊敗 ABA型 過(guò)去分詞與原形一致run ran run running 跑步；逃跑come came come coming 來(lái)become became become becoming 變得；成為 ABB型 過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞一致buy bought bought buy

43、ing 買fight fought fought fighting 打架；打仗think thought thought thinking 想；認(rèn)為seek sought sought seeking 尋找；探究bring brought brought bringing 帶來(lái) catch caught caught catching 抓住；接住teach taught taught teaching 教；教書 lend lent lent lending 借出send sent sent sending 送；派遣spend spent spent spending 花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢）build built built building 建設(shè)；建立 feel felt felt feeling 感覺(jué)；摸起來(lái)leave left left leaving 離開(kāi)keep ke