1、Japanese Experiences in Urbanization& Urban Planning System in JapanJICA ExpertKenichi WAKAMATSU23 Aug.2001 JakartaTodays pointnJapanese Experiences in UrbanizationnOutline of Urban Planning System in JapannSuggestion for Special Planning System in IndonesiaJapanese Experiences in UrbanizationGD

2、P per capita in JapanComprehensive National Development PlanEmpowering the Private Sector by Concentrating Public InvestmentsNational Income per capita in JapanAs a result We had several urban problems.nFormation of poor quality urbanized areas without provision for minimum public facilities, that i

3、s sprawlnEnvironmental pollutionnTraffic congestion,etcUrbanization Process in Various CountriesCharacteristics of Urbanization in Developing CountriesnUrbanization SpeednConcentration of functions and population in the metropolis, especially in national capitalsUrban Planning Systemin JapanHistory

4、of Urban Planning Law1968 Detailed Zoning SystemEnd of 19c.1919PrimitiveUrban PlanningOld Urban Planning LawNew Urban PlanningLaw Capital Development Covering the urban area in the whole Country Urban Infrastructure DevelopmentThe objectives of the 1968 LawnEnactment of land use plans with legal pow

5、ernSupply of building lots in new urban areasnRegulation and guidance of land use through Land Development Permission SystemnDevolving the regulating powers of Urban Planning to local governmentsnThe introduction of a democratic process of urban planningDifference between “Spatial Planning in RI ”an

6、d “Urban Planning in Japan”n“Spatial Planning in RI ”deals with all of lands.n“Urban Planning in Japan”deals with only urban and/or its suburb area Urban Planning AreaArea (thousands-km2)Population(mil.)Numbers of City/TownTotal Nation(A)3771233236Urban Planning Area(B) 951131960B/A25.2%92.2%60.6%Gr

7、oup CUrban Planning Lawand Related LegislationUrban Facilities RelatedUrban Planning Law Comprehensive National Land Development Law National Land Utilization Planning Law National Capital Region Development Law Act for construction of Arterial Motorways for National Land Development Act concerning

8、the development Farming Promotion Areas Forest Law Land Expropriation LawBuilding Standard LawAct Concerning Harbors LawAct Concerning Agricultural Land etc. Reserved in the Urbanization Promotion AreaLand Readjustment LawNew Residential Built-up Area Development LawUrban Renewal LawLand Use Zoning

9、RelatedUrban Development Projects RelatedRoad Law Tramways LawRiver LawCity Parks LawSewerage LawParking Place LawGroup AGroup BMain Components of Urban Planning LawUrban Planning LawZoning SystemLand Development Permission SystemUrban Planning Projectn The City Planning Law and Construction Standar

10、d law which Components Each Othern above 4m width Roadn Public Facilities Development Addedn Review System of Development Project Conditions to Develop Projectsn Project Oriented PlanningProcedure of Urban Planning ApprovalDraft PlanPublic ReviewUrban Planning Council of the Prefectural GovernmentUr

11、ban PlanningApprovalPublic Hearing& Explanation MeetingSubmission ofConcerned ResidentsOpinionValidation of the Minister of ConstructionCoordination with Related AgenciesOpinions ofthe MunicipalityUrban Planning Council of the Municipality,etc.SummariesA scenery ofexplanation meetingProject Orie

12、nted PlanningGeneralIn Japann Project implementn Security in a Period of High Urban Development DemandsPlanning OrganizationEngineering OrganizationProjectPlanning SectionEngineeringSectionUrban Planning ProjectProcedure of Plan Implementation for Urban Planning Projectsn Individual development acti

13、vities become limited n In this phase, neither land purchase nor actual construction takes place. n vested right is given to a developer to purchase landn Landowner within a project area shall have the right to inverse possessionn Demolition of existing structure for the purpose of implementation be

14、comes possible.n Compulsory transfer of real estates rights becomes possible.Plan Approval (Public Facility Development and/or Urban Development Projects)Administrative Action to Implement ProjectValidation of ProjectSuggestion forSpecial Planning System in IndonesiaWe have to separate Urban Plannin

15、g from Spatial Planning!nEstablishment of the concept “Urban Planning” Spatial PlanningUrban PlanningA chain ofimplementing flow! (democratic process) Plan ApprovalDraft PlanCommunity ParticipationProjectCooperation(Right)(Duty)Information(Duty)Promotion of Projects(Right)This system should be stipu

16、lated in details by laws. Project Oriented Planning!nUrban Development Projects should be authorized with legal power.nUrban Development Projects should be included in Spatial Plan. Land Consolidation and/or KASIBA would be more and more important.A democratic and effective method on Urban Development- Land Consolidation -Roles of Stakeholders onCollaborative Urban DevelopmentResidents, BusinesspersonsSpecialists(NGO, Consultants)AdministrationSupportcooperationA