1、2021/6/1612021/6/162 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié) 果.現(xiàn)在完成時這一時態(tài)強調(diào)是過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果.have/has + 過去分詞2021/6/163動詞的過去分詞：動詞的過去分詞： 規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣）規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣） 不規(guī)則變化（特殊記）不規(guī)則變化（特殊記）2021/6/164不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn d

2、rink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-to

3、ok-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become2021/6/165現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 否定式否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞. 一般疑問式：一般疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞? 特殊疑問式：特殊疑問式：疑問詞+助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞?2021/6/166現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法- Its so dark.- Its s

4、o dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作

5、對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2021/6/1671. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài), ,2021/6/168現(xiàn)在完成時的運用現(xiàn)在完成時的運用(1):1在表示“用法1”時，現(xiàn)在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.2021/6/169a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調(diào)或加強語氣；調(diào)或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句

6、。用于否定句和疑問句。vHe has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。vHas he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）vMy teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。vHave you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？2021/6/16102. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒沒)”疑問句疑問句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakf

7、ast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?2021/6/1611b） never 是否定詞，表示是否定詞，表示“從來沒有從來沒有”，而，而ever 表示表示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”vWe have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。vHave you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？ 2021/6/1612c） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之

8、間）和動詞過去分詞之間）vHe has just come back. 他剛剛回來。vThey have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。2021/6/16133.3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的未有過的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷. .I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過頤和園我曾去過頤和園) I I havehave never never had had a car.a car. (我從未有過汽車。我從未有過汽車。)

9、2021/6/1614現(xiàn)在完成時的現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時間狀語常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用2021/6/1615 before, by now (s

10、o far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否否/疑疑), already(肯肯), ever, never, all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years, 2021/6/1616have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表，表示示曾經(jīng)到過某處曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已

11、在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時呆在某處一段時間了間了”2021/6/1617 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I w

12、ent there last year. last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。2021/6/1618用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空vMike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.vMum is not at home no

13、w. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.v_ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.vWhere _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?vHas Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.vWhere is Peter? I d

14、ont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.vHi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been2021/6/1619 與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，去的事情，; ;而

15、一而一般過去時，則只般過去時，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過去的發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 2021/6/1620v1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事v2.現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時間狀語連用；v3.一般過去時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpast2021/6/1621注意點一：注意點一：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動

16、作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時過去。現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。間狀語連用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 試比較：試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)飛機是一刻中以前來

17、的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）2021/6/1622Put the following sentences into English.A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時

18、候開走的什么時候開走的? A: 半個小時之前開走的半個小時之前開走的.A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的在我老家買的.A: 你看過這部電影嗎你看過這部電影嗎? B: 看過看過. A: 什么時候看的什么時候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.2021/6/1623eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. 2021/6/1624v1. I _(have) lunch alreadyv2. Has th