1、2019年12月英語四級(jí)真題第二套(含聽力原文)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartHListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwil

2、lhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questi

3、ons1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.B) Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.C) Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.D) Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.2. A)Culturalbias.B)Inadequatepay.C)Educationalsystem.D)Workingconditions.Questions3

4、and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.B)Helosthiswayonabeach.C)Hewasalmostdrowned.D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.4. A)Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.B)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.C)Thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.D)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.Question

5、s5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Itbecameanonlinestar.B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.D)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.6. A)Senditbacktothezoo.B)Releaseitintothewild.C)Returnittoitsowner.D)Giveitaphysicalcheckup.7. A)Araccooncanperformactsnohumancan.B) Araccooncanclimb

6、muchhigherthanacat.C) Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.D) Theraccoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion

7、,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.B)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.CShereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.D)S

8、hegotapayraiseforherperformance.9. A)Severalyearsago.B)Twodecadesago.C) Right after graduation.10. A) He sent a small check to his parents.C) He immediately deposited it in a bank.11. A) Buy some professional clothes.C) Join her colleagues for gym exercise.D) Just last month.B) He took a few of his

9、friends to a gym.D) He treated his parents to a nice meal.B) Budget her salary carefully.D) Visit her former university campus.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A) He has a difficult decision to make.C) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.13. A) Give priority to thin

10、gs more urgent.C) Think twice before making the decision.14. A) His parents and advisor have different opinions.B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.D) His girlfriend does not support his decision.15. A) They need time to make preparations.

11、C) They haven t started their careers yet.Section CB) He has been overworked recently.D) He has just too many things to attend to.B) Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.B) They need to save enough money for it.D) They haven t won their parents approval.Di

12、rections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethr

13、oughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.B) Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.C) Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.D) Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.17. A) Improving mind-reading strategies.C) Playing games th

14、at challenge one s mind.18. A) Give others freedom to express themselves.C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.B) Reading classic scientific literature.D) Traveling to different places in the world.B) Expose themselves to different cultures.D) Participate in debates or discussions.Questions19to2

15、1arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A) The nature of relationships between dogs.C) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.20. A) They have an unusual sense of responsibility.B) The reason a great many people love dogs.D) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.B) They can respond to hu

16、mans questions.C) They can fall in love just like humans.21. A) They have their own joys and sorrows.C) They help humans in various ways.D) They behave like other animals in many ways.B) They experience true romantic love.D) They stay with one partner for life.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouh

17、avejustheard.22. A)Acowbone.C)Ahistoricalsite.23. A)Measuringit.C)Datingit.24. A)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.C) Theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.B)Arareanimal.D) Apreciousstone.B)Preservingit.D)Identifyingit.B)Theboysfamilyhadactedcorrectly.D)Thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.25.A)Searchforsimilarfo

18、ssilselsewhere.C)Conductamoredetailedsearch.B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.PartHIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepass

19、age.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Finally,somegoodnews

20、aboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratoryviruses27onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexampleoronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividualhadahighriskofcatchingthe

21、illness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbya

22、ir.Priortothenewstudy,litterwasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to32therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different33inthe.duringthefluseason.Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson34sideofa

23、personinfectedwithflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80personchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35_safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.A)accurateF)explorationsK)slimB)conclusionG)flightsL)spreadC)directlyH)largelyM)summitD)eith

24、erI)nearbyN)vividlyE)evaluateJ)respondO)venerableSection BDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismark

25、edwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDayA Alongwitholdclassicslike“carrotsgiveyounightvision"and"Santadoesn'tbringchildrenoneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftiredparentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimpor

26、tantmealoftheday.ManyofusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistakeevenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheUKeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation,andaroundthree-quartersofAmericans.B "Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,specXplstnsdietSara

27、hElder.“Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswelmlaaskeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight.”Butthereswidespreaddivseargwreheemtheenrtboreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchyofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustryinvsolvementinpro-breakfastres

28、earchandevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis“dangerous”.C WhatstherealityIsbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompaniesThemostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)hasbeenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhytheresarelationshipbetweenthetwo.

29、InoneUSstudythatanalyzedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiets

30、incebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfiberandnutrients.D Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecauseorifbreakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weekweightlossprogram.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesover

31、theday,buthalfhadbreakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot.Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasnbtreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.E Ifbreakfastaloneisnatguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandskippingbreakfastAlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresea

32、rchattheUniversityofAberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth.“Therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingb

33、ehaviorssuchasnotsmokingandregularexercise,”shesays.F A2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis“l(fā)imitedevidence”supportingorrefutingtheargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanb

34、eusedtohelppreventobesity.G ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSurreyandUniversityofAberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlookingintothemechanismsbehindhowthetimeweeatinfluencesbodyweight.Earlyfindingssuggestthatabiggerbreakfastisbeneficialtoweightcontrol.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.Skippi

35、ngbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesmen,anda20%higherriskoftype2diabetesinwomen.Onereasonmaybebreakfastsnutritionalvaluepartlybecausecerealisfortifiedwithvitamins.Inonestudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheUK,researchersfoundthatthef

36、iberandmicronutrientintakewasbetterinthosewhohadbreakfastregularly.TherehavebeensimilarfindingsinAustralia,Brazil,CanadaandtheUS.H Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguageuse.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonothe

37、rbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneofthereviewsresearchers,MaryBethSpitznagel,sayst“reasonableev”idencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentrationtherejustneedstobemoreresearch.“Lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,s”he

38、says.“Andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration.”I Whatsmostimportant,someargue,iswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheAustralianCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrga

39、nization.WhilecerealremainsafirmfavoriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheUKandUS,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentofbreakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthreequartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.J Butsomeres

40、earchsuggestsifweregoingtoeatsugaryfoods,itsbesttodoit2e0a0rly.Onerobeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,andhalfdidnt.Thosewhoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmorehowever,thestudywasunabletoshowthelong-termeffects.Areviewof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsens

41、usyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesntmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.K Whiletheresnoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwnh,etheconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwerehungry.“Breakfastismostimportantforpearehungrywhentheywa

42、keup,”Johsnasytso.nEeverybodystartsthedaydifferentlyandthoseindividualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,Spitznagelsays.“Abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,”“Bsareyas

43、kEfaldsetrisnttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright.”36. Accordingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.37. Somescientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.38. Opinionsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.39. Ithasbeenfound

44、thatnoteatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecountries.40. Researchersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthatinducedweightloss.41. Tokeeponeselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhattoeat.42. Itiswidelyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.43. M

45、oreresearchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfoodintake.44. Peoplewhoprioritiesbreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritionalintake.45. Manystudiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriesandconcentrate.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed

46、bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom

47、$8billionin2014.TextbookpublisherPearsonisthelargestpublisherofanykindintheworld.Itcostsabout$1milliontocreateanewtextbook.Afreshmantextbookwillhavedozensofcontributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthroughgraphicandlayoutartiststoexpertreviewersandclassroomtesters.Textbookpublishersconnectprofessors,ins

48、tructorsandstudentsinwaysthatalternatives,suchasOpenE-TextbooksandOpenEducationalResources,simplydonot.Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.Itistruethattextbookpublis

49、hershaverecentlyreportedlosses,largelyduetostudentsrentingorbuyingusedprinttextbooks.Butthiscanbechalkeduptotheexorbitantcostoftheirbookswhichhasincreasedover1,000percentsince1977.Areshufflingofthetextbookindustrymaywellbeinorder.Butthisdoesnotmeantheendofthetextbookitself.Whiletheymaynotbeasdynamic

50、asaniPad,textbooksarenotpassiveorlifeless.Forexample,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulateddialogueinanumberofways.From1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposingquestionsforstudentstoanswerinductively.Thatmeansstudentsareaskedtousetheirindividualexperiencetocomeupwithanswerstogeneralquestions.Tod

51、ayspsychologytexts,forexamask:“Howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyouinheritedw”hileonesinphysicssay:“Howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossedwillland”Expertsobservethat“textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion.”Fortheactivelearner,engagingwithatextbookcanbeaninteractiveexperience:Readersproceedatthei

52、rownpace.They“customize”theirbooksbyengagingwithdifferentlayersandlinkages.Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.46. WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresourcesA) Theycontributetoteachingasmuchastol

53、earning.B) Theydontprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.C) Theycantconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.D) Theycompetefiercelyforcustomerswithtextbookproducers.47. WhatisthemaincauseofthepublisherslossesA)Failuretomeetstudentneed.B)IndustryrestructuringC)Emergenceofe-books.D)Fallingsales.48. Wh

54、atdoesthetextbookindustryneedtodoA)Reformitsstructures.B)Cutitsretailprices.C)Findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.D)Changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.49. WhatarestudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocessA) Thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachquestion.B) Askquestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.C) Ans

55、werquestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.D) Giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.50. WhatdoexpertssayaboutstudentsusingtextbooksA)Theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.B)Theycanlearninaninteractiveway.C)Theycanpurchasecustomizedversions.D)Theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to5

56、5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofdividingthemintotwodistinctgroups:oneconvertssunlightintoenergyandtheotherhastoeatfoodtomakeitsenergy.Well,thosedividinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslugthatistrulyhalfanimalandhalfplant.Itprsettyincredi

57、blehowithasmanagedtohijackthegenesofthealgaeonwhichitfeeds.Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigmentinplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.Thetermkleptoplastyisusedtodescribethepracticeofusinghijackedgenestocreatenutrientsfromsunlight.Andsofar,thisgreenseaslu

58、gistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetrulyconsideredsolar-powered,althoughsomeanimalsdoexhibitsomeplant-likebehaviors.Manyscientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyabletocreateenergyfromsunlight.Infact,theslugsusethegeneticmaterialsowell,theypassitontotheirfurthergenerations.Thebabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,thoughtheycantgenerateenergyfromsunlightuntiltheyveeatenenoughalgaetostealthenecessary