1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載非謂語動詞非謂語動詞有3 種：不定式，動名詞和分詞。不 定 式不定式由 “to do”構(gòu)成， 其否定式 “not to do ”。不定式可帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有語態(tài)的變化，不定式可作主，賓，定，狀，補(bǔ)，表，不能單獨(dú)作謂語。一 . 不定式的用法1作主語To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2作表語My job is to teach English.3作賓語He wanted to go.I find it hard to work with him.常見用不定式作賓語的動詞:want

2、, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail,guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare,refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up one s mind, be determined4作補(bǔ)語He asked me to open the door.常見用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞:advise, allow, permi

3、t, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order,peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, considerpractice:* 在感官動詞 feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役動詞 make,let, have 等后的補(bǔ)語中，不定式不帶 to， 但這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶 toI often hear him sing the song.

4、He is often heard to sing the song.5作定語He is looking for a room to live in.Theres nothing to worry about.不定式作定語的用法：6作狀語I came here to see you.(表目的 )in order to / so as toWe were excited to hear the news.（表原因）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.（表結(jié)果7疑問詞 +不定式，在句中起名詞作用，可作主，賓，表H

5、e didn tknow what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.8作插入語To tell the truth, I don tagree with you.to be sureto be frankto sum upto begin /start withto make matters worseto be brief二不定式的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)1 一般式：表示的動作與謂語動作同時(shí)或在它之后發(fā)生He pretended not to know me when I met h

6、im in the street.2進(jìn)行式：表示動作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動作正在發(fā)生He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom.3完成式：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year.主動被動一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been doneThe flowers need to be watered.A railway is said to b

7、e being built now.No harm seems to have been done.四 不定式的省略為避免重復(fù)可用to 來代替前面的不定式，常出現(xiàn)在下列動詞后expect, hope, wish,mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try或出現(xiàn)在be glad, be happy, would like/love 后eg:I haventbeen to Hong Kong, but I wish to.- Would you come to the party?- I d love to, but如果在省略不定式中含有be, have, have

8、 been 等系動詞或助動詞， 這些詞要保留。eg: - Are you on holiday?- No, but Id like to be.- I didn ttell him the news. - Oh, you ought to have.動 名 詞動名詞由動詞 +ing 構(gòu)成，具有動詞和名詞性質(zhì)，其否定式在前加not, 在句中起名詞的作用，可作主，賓，表，定語。一動名詞的作用1作主語學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Seeing is believing.Choosing what to eat is not as easy as before.There is no joking about su

9、ch serious matters.It is no use / good doing sth.動名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一次具體動作）2作表語 : My job is teaching.3作賓語I like swimming.He is fond of playing football.下列動詞或動詞短語之后只接動名詞作賓語（不接不定式作賓語）advise, allow, admit, appreciate, avoid, consi

10、der(考慮 ), delay,dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep mind,miss(錯(cuò)過 ), practice, permit, risk, resist, suggest,canthelp(情不自禁 )，cantstand(無法忍受 ), give up, feel like, put off, be busy,keep on, insist on, look forward to, stick to, devote to, get down to,be used to, object to, h

11、ave difficulty / trouble (in), have a good time(in)下列動詞后可跟動名詞作賓語，也可跟不定式作賓語，但意義不同。forgetgo oncanthelprememberstoptrymeanregret4 作定語He has a reading room.二動名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1一般式：動名詞的動作沒有明確表示是與謂語動作同時(shí)還是在其前發(fā)生時(shí)Were interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us.2完成式：如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前，用完成式Im so

12、rry for not having kept my promise.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneHe likes being helped.He was afraid of being left alone.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.動名詞的主動形式表被動意義be worth doingneed/ want/ require/ deserve doingstand/ bear doing三動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的邏輯主語一般是和句子

13、的主語一致，但也有不一致的情況。如果不一致，則要在動名詞前加上其邏輯主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。若動名詞作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語用物主代詞或名詞的所有格。His coming made me very happy.Peters coming made me very happy.分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成v +ing, 過去分詞為 v +ed。其否定式在其前加not, 分詞句中可作定，狀，補(bǔ)，表。一分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)過去分詞無時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)變化現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)變化主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done一般式表示和謂

14、語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生Being a student, he was interested in books.The question being discussed is important.完成式表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.二分詞的作用1作定語We cantdrink the polluted water.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載the wat

15、er polluted by the wasteThe man standing by the window is our teacher.e.gboiling waterfalling leavesboiled waterfallen leaves2作表語The news is inspiring.The glass is broken.3作補(bǔ)語常用的動詞為感官動詞：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice 使役動詞： have, make, letWe saw the teacher doing the expe

16、riment. (see sb. do 區(qū)別 )He tried to make himself understood.4. 作狀語Being a student, I must study hard. ( 原因 )While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. ( 時(shí)間 )（相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略）“Cantyou read?”He said angrily, pointing to the notice. ( 伴隨 )The accident happened, killing three.( 結(jié)果 )Taken 3 times a

17、day, the medicine will have a good effect. ( 條件 )（五）分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.基本練習(xí)題：1、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, _ th

18、at all學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載children like these things.AthinkingBthinkC to thinkDthought2、 There have been severalnew events_tothe program for the 2008Beijing Olympic Games.AaddBtoaddC addingDadded3、 Ican stand _with Jane inthe same office. She justrefuses _talking while she works.Aworking;stoppingBto work; stopp

19、ingCworking; tostopDto work; to stop4、 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the readermust not be left _.AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCto be satisfyingDbeing satisfied5、 No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract peopleall over the world.AperformedBper

20、formingCtobeperformedDbeing performed6、 _ this cake, you ll need 2 eggs,175g sugarand 175g flour.AHavingmadeBMakeCTo makeDMaking7、 If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permissionfor things, think again.AgetsBgotCto getDgetting8、 As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw

21、 materials for a great nationalliterature were at hand, waiting _AtouseBto be usedCto have usedDto be using9、 Ittook alon time forthe connectionbetween body temperature and illnessg_.AtomakeBto be madeCmakingDbeing made10th、 The Chinese are proud of the 29 Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.AholdBho

22、ldingCheldDto be held11、 _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.AFacedBFaceCFacingDTo face12、 AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women inthat area over the past few years.AthatitisBto be Cthat it has beenDto have been13、 Don t sit there _ nothing. Com

23、e and help me with this table.AdoBto doCdoingDand doing14、 Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.AJohn has taken anextra jobBthe boss has given John an extra jobCan extra job hasbeen takenDan extra job has been given to John學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載15、 He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been

24、 soldout.Ato tell16、 Five people won the“ China s Green Figurepeople for their contributions to environmental protection.Abeing given17、 Police are nowsearching for a woman who is reported to _ since theflood hit the area last Friday.Ahave been missing18、 The bird flu _ through Asia has jumped from

25、birds to humans at least 20times so far,_ 16.Asweeps; killedCsweeping; to kill19、 The man _ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police,the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.Abeing suspectedCsuspected20、 The students entered the classroom, smiling and _ , and _ down tohave their lessons.Atalked; satB Have you ever heard of an American president c