1、2022-1-22編輯ppt1 管理學院 School of Management 佟瑞 Edward Tong， MPM，MBAManaging Project TeamsCHAPTER ELEVEN Copyright 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin編輯ppt3Where We Are Now編輯ppt4High-Performing Teams Synergy 1 + 1 + 1 = 10 (positive synergy) 1 + 1 + 1 =2 (negat

2、ive synergy) Characteristics of High-performing TeamsShare a sense of common purposeMake effective use of individual talents and expertiseHave balanced and shared rolesMaintain a problem solving focusAccept differences of opinion and expressionEncourage risk taking and creativitySets high personal p

3、erformance standards1.Identify with the team編輯ppt5The Five-Stage Team Development Model編輯ppt6Conditions Favoring Development of High Performance Project Teams Ten or fewer team members Voluntary team membership Continuous service on the team Full-time assignment to the team An organization culture o

4、f cooperation and trust Members report only to the project manager All relevant functional areas are represented on the team The project has a compelling objective Members are in speaking distance of each other編輯ppt7The Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Group Development編輯ppt8Creating a High-Performan

5、ce Project Team編輯ppt9Building High-Performance Project Teams Recruiting Project Members Factors affecting recruiting Importance of the project Management structure used to complete the project How to recruit? Ask for volunteers Who to recruit? Problem-solving ability Availability Technological exper

6、tise Credibility Political connections Ambition, initiative, and energy編輯ppt10Project Team MeetingsConducting Project MeetingsEstablishing Ground RulesPlanning DecisionsTracking DecisionsManaging Change DecisionsRelationship DecisionsManaging Subsequent Meetings編輯ppt11Establishing a Team Identity編輯p

7、pt12Requirements for an Effective Shared Vision編輯ppt13Managing Project Reward Systems Group Rewards Who gets what as an individual reward? How to make the reward have lasting significance? How to recognize individual performance? Letters of commendation Public recognition for outstanding work Desira

8、ble job assignments Increased personal flexibility編輯ppt14Orchestrating the Decision-Making ProcessProblem IdentificationGenerating AlternativesReaching a DecisionFollow-up編輯ppt15Managing Conflict within the Project Team Encouraging Functional Conflict Encourage dissent by asking tough questions. Bri

9、ng in people with different points of view. Designate someone to be a devils advocate. Ask the team to consider an unthinkable alternative Managing Dysfunctional Conflict Mediate the conflict. Arbitrate the conflict. Control the conflict. Accept the conflict. Eliminate the conflict.編輯ppt16Conflict I

10、ntensity Over the Project Life Cycle編輯ppt17Rejuvenating the Project Team Informal Techniques Institute new rituals. Take an off-site break as a team from the project. View an inspiration message or movie. Have the project sponsor give a pep talk. Formal Techniques Hold a team building session facili

11、tated by an outsider to clarify ownership issues affecting performance. Engage in an outside activity that provides an intense common experience to promote social development of the team.編輯ppt18Managing Virtual Project Teams Challenges: Developing trust Exchange of social information. Set clear role

12、s for each team member. Developing effective patterns of communication. Keep team members informed on how the overall project is going. Dont let team members vanish. Establish a code of conduct to avoid delays. Establish clear norms and protocols for surfacing assumptions and conflicts. Share the pa

13、in.編輯ppt1924-Hour Global Clock編輯ppt20Project Team Pitfalls編輯ppt21Key TermsBrainstormingDysfunctional conflictFunctional conflictGroupthinkNominal group technique (NGT)Positive synergyProject kickoff meetingProject visionTeam buildingTeam ritualsVirtual project team編輯ppt22Celebration Task Force Agend

14、a2022-1-22編輯ppt231. The essence of positive synergy can be found in the phrase: A. Front of ship sink-back of ship sinkB. There is no I in teamC. Two heads are better than oneD. The whole is greater than the sum of the partsE. If it doesnt kill you, it makes you stronger2022-1-22編輯ppt242. Which of t

15、he following is commonly associated with high-performing project teams? A. Risk taking is controlled and not allowed to jeopardize the overall projectB. Roles and specific responsibilities are well-definedC. A degree of competition among team members is encouragedD. Mistakes are viewed as opportunit

16、ies for learningE. All of these are associated with high-performing teams2022-1-22編輯ppt253. During which stage of team development do members accept that they are part of a project group but resist the constraints that the project and the group put on their individuality? A. NormingB. StormingC. Per

17、formingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt264. During which stage of team development do close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt275. During which stage of team development is the team fully functio

18、nal and accepted? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt286. During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and team member emotions run from upbeat to depressed? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming 2022-1-22編輯ppt2

19、97. During which stage of team development do team members try to find out what behaviors are acceptable and what performance expectations are? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt308.Sam is the coach of a high school soccer team and has noticed that some close rel

20、ationships have formed as well as feelings of camaraderie and shared responsibilities for the teams success. Which stage of development is the team in? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt319.Roger is new-product project manager for a retail company. Recently the t

21、eam has exhibited a high degree of conflict over who will control the group and how decisions will be made. Which stage of development is the team in? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt3210. Tom is managing a project team responsible for erecting a new office bui

22、lding. He notices that team members are trying out different behaviors to see what is acceptable to the project and personal relations. Which stage of development is the team in? A. NormingB. StormingC. PerformingD. AdjourningE. Forming2022-1-22編輯ppt3311.Experience and research indicate that high-pe

23、rformance project teams are much more likely to develop under all the following conditions except: A. Members are assigned to the project full timeB. Members report solely to the project managerC. There are 10 or fewer members per teamD. Team members are selected by their managersE. The project invo

24、lves a compelling objective2022-1-22編輯ppt3412.In which of the following theories does the project group transition from a lower level to a higher level of performance about halfway through the project? A. Nominal Group TechniqueB. Five Stage Team Development ModelC. Punctuated Equilibrium Model of G

25、roup DevelopmentD. Dysfunctional Transition ModelE. Synergistic Transition Development Model2022-1-22編輯ppt3513.Which of the following are considered very important in the recruiting of project members? A. The budget availableB. The importance of the projectC. The management structure for the project

26、 teamD. Both B and C are correctE. A, B, and C are all correct2022-1-22編輯ppt3614.Which of the following is not one of the considerations that need to be factored into the project team recruitment process? A. Political connectionsB. Problem-solving abilityC. Ambition, initiative, and energyD. High de

27、gree of technological expertiseE. Availability 2022-1-22編輯ppt3715.Which of the following is an objective of the first project team meeting? A. Overview the projects scope and objectivesB. Address interpersonal interaction concernsC. Model how the team will work togetherD. Both A and C are correctE.

28、A, B, and C are all correct 2022-1-22編輯ppt3816. Which of the following is not one of the major issues that successful project managers must address in the early stages of a project? A. Relationship DecisionsB. Managing Change DecisionsC. Tracking DecisionsD. Planning DecisionsE. All of these need to

29、 be addressed 2022-1-22編輯ppt3917.Researchers have found that high performance teams will have which of the following norms? A. Hard work does not get in the way of having funB. No information is shared outside the team unless all agree to itC. It is acceptable to be in trouble, but not to surprise o

30、thersD. Both B and C are correctE. A, B, and C are all correct2022-1-22編輯ppt4018. All of the following have been found to be good for running effective project meetings except: A. Start meetings on time regardless of whether everyone is presentB. Identify an adjournment timeC. Thoroughly document al

31、l decisionsD. Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to the meetingE. All of these are good for effective meetings2022-1-22編輯ppt4119.Establishing a team identity is facilitated by: A. Team members working in a common spaceB. Creation of a project team nameC. Effective use of meetingsD. Both A and B

32、are correctE. A, B, and C are all correct2022-1-22編輯ppt4220.The essential qualities of an effective vision include all of the following except: A. All team members have the same visionB. The vision should be communicated to allC. The vision has to make strategic senseD. There should be a passion for

33、 the visionE. The vision should be a source of inspiration to others2022-1-22編輯ppt4321.Which of the following would be considered the most effective project reward? A. Individual member rewardsB. Lump-sum cash awardC. All-expenses-paid trip for team members and their familiesD. Using negative reinfo

34、rcement to motivate adequate performanceE. All of these are equally effective2022-1-22編輯ppt4422. Individual rewards for outstanding work would not include: A. Letters of commendationB. Public recognitionC. Desirable job assignmentsD. Making exceptions to the rulesE. All of these can be used for indi

35、vidual rewards2022-1-22編輯ppt4523.The first step in facilitating group decision making is to: A. Call a meeting to discuss the problemB. Identify the problemC. Agree that there is a problemD. Quantify the problemE. Generate alternatives2022-1-22編輯ppt4624.Strategies to manage dysfunctional conflict do

36、 not include _ the conflict. A. ControlB. ArbitrateC. MediateD. AcceptE. Encourage2022-1-22編輯ppt4725. The biggest challenge to managing a virtual project team is: A. Getting reports and technical information communicatedB. Developing trustC. Establishing effective patterns of communicationD. Both B

37、and C are correctE. A, B, and C are all correct2022-1-22編輯ppt4826.Which of the following is not one of the steps in facilitating group decision making? A. Identifying the problemB. Analyzing the situationC. Generating alternativesD. Reaching a decisionE. Follow-up2022-1-22編輯ppt4927.During the delive

38、ry phase of a projects life cycle, the most significant source of conflict is: A. SchedulesB. PrioritiesC. TechnicalD. ProceduresE. Costs2022-1-22編輯ppt5028.Two of the biggest challenges involved in managing a virtual project team are: A. The language barriers and time managementB. Time management an

39、d developing trustC. The language barriers and developing effective patterns of communicationD. Developing trust and effective patterns of communicationE. Time management and developing effective patterns of communication2022-1-22編輯ppt5129. Symptoms of groupthink include: A. The team thinking it is invincibleB. Opinions of those outside the team are considered to be irrelevantC. Critical thinking disappearsD. Pressure is applied to any dissenterE. All of these are symptoms of groupthink2022-1-22編輯ppt5230.Which of the following are ways to improve the perform