1、高考名詞性從句講解大綱一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞二. 主語從句三、賓語從句四、表語從句四. 同位語從句五、名詞性that-從句六、名詞性wh-從句七、if, whether引導的名詞從句八、否定轉移在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that（無任何詞意）Whether /if（均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性）a

2、s if /as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,Whose/ which./whichever,/whomever連接副詞：when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.二.主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whe

3、ther，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。直接賓語Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。主語It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何

4、成為一名作家的。狀語Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，

5、謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that三、賓語從句名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，

6、that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The co

7、mmander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。3. 用w

8、hether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導表語從句時；c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of th

9、e test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I

10、 dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。四、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he didnt come to the m

11、eeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。四.同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、dema

12、nd、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生

13、病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區別：that作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:I had no idea that you were here（that引導同位語從句，不能省略）五、名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：主語：That he is still aliv

14、e is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運氣。賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfie

15、d with your job.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：（重點，需記憶）a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that有必要It is important that

16、重要的是It is obvious that很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信It is known to all that從所周知It has been decided that已決定c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It is common knowledge that是常識It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是It is a fact that事實是d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to

17、me that我突然想起六、名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于整理本人。直接賓語：In ones own home one can do what one lik

18、es.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時候回來。形容詞賓語：Im not sure why she refu

19、sed their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們去哪兒。2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時結婚依然不明。七、if, whether引導的名詞從句1）yes-no型疑問從句從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從

20、句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同，例如：主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在于我們是否應該借錢給他。同位語：The

21、y are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調查他是否值得信賴。形容詞賓語： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。2）選擇性疑問從句選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whetheror或whetheror not構成，例如：Please tell me w

22、hether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。八、否定轉移1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不認識你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉移到前面。It doesnt seem